1 50 386 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource United Farmworkers March to the California State Capitol Building (August 2022) Subject The topic of the resource Filipino Americans Labor unions Labor Movements Agricultural Workers Mexican Americans United Farmworkers Sacramento (Calif.) Description An account of the resource Photographs from Filipino contingent of the United Farmworkers march to the California State Capitol building in support of Assembly Bill 2183. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 26, 2022 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC 4.0), Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International. Non-commercial use is permitted. For commercial use, please contact archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .jpg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa030_s001_0001-00027 Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. View/Download File(s) Link to download files Flickr link:<a href="https://flic.kr/s/aHBqjA4E64">https://flic.kr/s/aHBqjA4E64</a> Google Drive link: <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1nS7hgRMiNcE54--EaSgbZa7bGHdb-4ty?usp=sharing">https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1nS7hgRMiNcE54--EaSgbZa7bGHdb-4ty?usp=sharing</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photographs from United Farmworkers March to the California State Capitol Building (August 2022) Subject The topic of the resource Filipino Americans Labor unions Labor Movements Agricultural Workers Mexican Americans United Farmworkers Sacramento (Calif.) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 26, 2022 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC 4.0), Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International. Non-commercial use is permitted. For commercial use, please contact archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa030_s001_0001-0027 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/11651/archive/files/2456a953f9432b6a3e9df0e0ce9375fa.pdf?Expires=1777507200&Signature=HMjVvGSvWM6joAOiZ%7EFBiGXs9DNvr4fynvqfKfCpaU1jX7RpTluQulVQg6LPmby-vVGvYyl3D2LxRg6wEPeZiYomn6FSEzNqwR5JjJ9gknpESi6oowz4iBI1MbNxdyxo3SSpzD69aZXH0S5WQfyGthVvju5-yHoNHpHESqFvdgOIKCcRZjyrfsopy5jrNqIzSyndSGgVqNccObuC9dE0XoVvwxV5bdNiQE2AW9pK5JQmWrKVjHieGPECcpHz0TQmjjl056ULSwkZ93MEiHQgdgufXlxpCuKsKP3rk1mX0KKjMUkSMXO1C8fbnkoKLM-CEH6b10HqjhVWvawU1WxFGQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 96ec1a59e5a78ea59955b1d13352886a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UC Davis Asian American Studies files Subject The topic of the resource Filipino-American Farmworker History, United Farm Workers, Philip Vera Cruz Description An account of the resource Publications, oral history interviews, and newsletters regarding the United Farm Workers and the Filipino-American leadership. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-1977 Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Roadblocks to Community Building: A Case Study of the Filipino Community Center Project Subject The topic of the resource Fujimoto, Isao Stockton (Calif.) Community centers Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The UC Davis Asian American Studies department and the UC Regents holds intellectual control of this document. Educational and non-commercial purposes are permitted. Commercial usage requests should be made to ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu. Description An account of the resource Report led by Dr. Isao Fujimoto for creation of Filipino Community Center at Stockton, California. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Filipino American Experiences Oral History Project Description An account of the resource The Filipino American Experiences Oral History Project contains oral history interviews from Filipino Americans and individuals who worked closely with Filipino American activists. A large portion of the interview reflects on Filipino inclusion in the United Farm workers the United Farm Workers and the Filipino American farmworker activism. Additional information in the interviews focuses on various historic sites of memory for Filipinos in California, such as the International Hotel in San Francisco and Agbayani Village in Delano. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Allan Jason Sarmiento Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Elise Israel Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Dylan Barazon Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound. Organization: Bulosan Center of Filipinx Studies Oral History conducted by: Elise Israel Date of Oral History: July 20, 2020 Interviewees include: Dylan Barazon Topics: Bay area Fil-Am, 2000s, school and job life, moving to America, Background information on individual/family: Dylan Barazon grew up in the Philippines. He relocated to America during his teenage years and is currently residing in Davis, California. Transcription Completed By: Elise Israel and Dylan Barazon Begin Transcription Here: Elise: Hello Hello Hello. Dylan: Hello good evening. Elise: Oh okay. My name is Elise and you are? Dylan: My name is Dylan Barazon. Elise: Today’s date is July 20, 2020. The interview is being conducted at the person’s apartment and we’re being recorded on an iPhone using voice memos. So let’s get started. What year were you born in and how old are you now? Dylan: I was born on September 27, 1997 and right now I am 22 years old. Elise: So where did you grow up in the Philippines? Dylan: I grew up in a small province called Taytay which is roughly I would say an hour away from Manila, which is the capital city. Elise: And did you move anywhere else in the Philippines? Dylan: I lived in Taytay for probably I would say about 13 years and then I lived in Pasig which is basically a municipality in Manila for three years, right before I left for America. Elise: Okay, so why did you move? Dylan: My school was closer, more of a traffic issue. So my Mom actually bought a condo over there. Elise : Ok, just so you can be closer to your school? Dylan: Exactly Elise: Ok, so how did you view America before you came here? Dylan: I view America as like a very foreign land. Obviously, my view of it was always stereotypical like in the movies. You know really tall buildings, a really diverse amount of people and I always thought that there were your stereotypical jocks, nerds and whatever you find in typical American movie, but that was further from the truth. Elise: What movie did you look up to I guess about America? Dylan: Well not necessarily I can't put an exact name to it but there's a couple out there. Elise: Can you tell me your own memories about your upbringing in the Philippines? Dylan: So I was obviously born and raised in the Philippines in this province called Tatytay and my Mom is actually a businesswoman. She owned a factory where she made uniforms for children. Elise: Okay, does she still own that factory? Dylan: She still owns it until this day. Elise: So when and why did you come to America? Dylan: I came to America in March 27, 2014. I came here initially because my Dad was actually by his father but we had no plans on living here. My sister was seeking treatment for her back because she had scoliosis so we decided as a family. At least me, my dad, and my sister that was should all move here and I finished my senior year of highschool here. Elise: Ok, can you tell me about your memories of being raised in America? Dylan: So, I went to America and honestly it was very I was a stark contrast as opposed to living in the Philippines cause in the Philippines it was just more… I was more dependent upon my parents for you know for everyday tasks. But here it's a bit more different. I actually had to commute to go to school. I had the independence of managing my own time and just being able to you know hangout with friends I'd say a really late time in the evening. Elise: Were your expectations of America the same from what you expected? Dylan: They were, they were the same in the sense that physically the way the place looks. But they were not met in the sense that like I said as I mentioned previously the whole idea of the jocks, the nerds and how people fit in those specific categories. Elise: Okay, so what is your role in America? Are you working? Are you in school? Dylan: As of right now I am a student in UC Davis pursuing a Bachelor's degree in Communication with a minor in Tech Management. Elise: Ok, do you have any plans to work in those fields? Dylan: What I do aspire to work for is the automotive industry. I cannot put an exact finger to what realm of that I will go into but that is the hope. So within the next few years I am trying to land an internship that will help set a springboard for my future career. Elise: Do you remember your parents describing their lives and what did they say? Dylan: What exactly? Elise: Like what was their childhood, teenage, and adult life if they ever talked to you about it. Dylan: Well my Mom she was very I'd say not necessarily reserved. But for both of my parents it's just more of it's just coming to light recently in the past three or four years knowing more about my parents' past. But I would say like in my teenage years they didn't really talk about it. But right now I am a bit more mature to talk about that. It was relatively normal. My dad was simply your typical college student but he wasn't able to finish due to some quote on quote distractions. Sorry, if that sounded very informal in a sense but my Mom was actually not the one who started the business. So this business is called One&Up it's a play on the idea the uniforms or the garments that she made was actually applicable to ages one and up hence the name. So my grandmother actually started the business and my mother took over. So it was a very small scale business and my mother scaled it up pretty well. So that's pretty much the story of my parents. Elise: Did you ever help with her business at all. Dylan: Yes, I did actually. But not necessarily in the way I could right now just, you know. lack of mental capacity back then I was a bit younger. You know you can't really entrust me with a lot of things. But I would say I'd help in really simple tasks here and there. Some record keeping here and there, label making, and sometimes I would go with her when she would buy textile for the clothing. Elise: So what would you consider to be the most important inventions during your lifetime? Dylan: Come again, sorry? Elise: What would you consider to be the most important inventions during your lifetime? Dylan: Definitely the cellphone, well what I mean is what it is now. Just let me rephrase it the "smartphone." Definitely I feel like that's the most important invention just because everything is done through that. Elise: Ok, why do you like the cellphone so much, or "smartphone" as I should say. Dylan: Just because the accessibility and the ability to just reach such a wide audience from the tap of literally from the tap of your finger. Elise: As a child what did you want to be when you grew up? Dylan: When I was a child I actually wanted to be a toy maker it draws from my passion of cars my parents always told me as a kid I was always looking outside the window and I would count how many cars there are outside the window and I would constantly look at the cars wheels and yeah that was basically the activity that I was doing so from that and that's the funny part I don't know where that passion came from. Elise: You must of really loved cars. Dylan: Yes yes I really do. Elise: Where’d you get that passion from? Dylan: I have no idea. It just it just it’s something that was I think I was just born with and basically from there I started collecting little Hot Wheels. At one point I would say I had like 500 pieces of Hot Wheels. Elise: 500 pieces of Hot Wheels? Dylan: Give or take. Give or take yes. And I did some research obviously with parental guidance of course back then when the internet when I had dial-up back then I found out that Mattel, so Mattel the company, that was responsible for other toys such as well obvious Hot Wheels and Barbie, really famous toys, are the ones responsible for making that. So I wanted to have a hand in designing those at one point in my life. Elise: Interesting. That’s pretty cool. Dylan: Yes. Elise: Interesting. Have you actually like researched into it? Dylan: I haven’t researched into it necessarily but I do know if I do want to go down that path you’re gonna have to do something along the lines of design. It definitely stems away from my current you know pursuit. Elise: Okay. So what kind of jobs do you have in the Philippines and here in America. Dylan: So I didn’t have any jobs in the Philippines. I was basically just a student. When it came to here in America I had a couple of jobs. At first I was my first ever job was a clerk at Target, right beside my high school. I lasted for two months and then I called it quits. After that I worked for my city college and I was a front desk clerk slash secretary or as I like to call it anything they want me to be. And most recently about a year ago I was an afterschool program leader dealing with I’d say about 20 to 30 students at a time. And I did that for a really long time. Actually I found that really fun. Elise: So why did you leave target after two months? Dylan: I left Target after two months just because I couldn’t deal with the attitude that some people were bringing to me. And I do understand from from a professional standpoint you know there’s so many different factors that can play into that but there were really really driving my patience and I would say I have pretty good control of my anger but there were times where I would wanted to explode on them because none of the things that they were complaining about one made any reason or two just were any in my control. You know. Elise: Okay and then.. So what was your favorite vacation? Dylan: Ooh. That’s really interesting. I’d say my favorite vacation so far. Oh actually they all have their own quirks but if I were to choose one I would say when I went to Guam with my family because that was really fun. I’ve been to Guam I’d say about three times? So that was really exciting. I would say the beaches are even better than Hawaii. But then again I’m only quoting my parents because I’ve never been to Hawaii but that’s what they said so I’m I’m believing them. There there beaches are really nice and the sand is very fine to the touch. It’s very very nice. I would recommend whoever is listening to this to go there. Yes Elise: So, who or what person has the most positive influence on your life and what did they do to influence you? Dylan: I’d say my mother but on top of that I would say both of my grandmothers too. There’s no specific person. Just like with anything in life I feel like people tend to like pick things on people and I guess it’s the same. I think from my mother I learned the value of patience. From my grandmother on my mother’s side I would I learned the value of just hard work in general. And my grandmother on my father’s side I just learned how to love. That was all combined together. Those are like the women who really changed my life. Elise: Were you close to a lot of the women in your life? Like do you have siblings or is your mom the only woman figure in your life? Dylan: Yes I have a twin sister and I have obviously a lot what’s really funny is in almost all positions except for the one that I had in my previous job, all of my superiors were women. So that was that was very interesting. So I answer to women all the time. So yeah. I would say that’s very interesting. Elise: I agree. Do you remember someone saying something to you that had a big impact on how you lived your life? Dylan: Um I would say not necessarily but if I were to live if I were to live by a saying I think it would be which is basically an accumulation of the experiences that I have dealt with throught my life, I believe in the saying “if you’re doing it, it’s worth doing well”. ‘Cause you’re already there you’re already spending time and effort and the value you know your resources. So you might as well do it in the best way you can. Elise: I really like that. Dylan: Yes. Elise: That’s really good. Well thank you for your interview. I really appreciate it. Mwah Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oral History Interview with Dylan Barazon Subject The topic of the resource San Francisco Bay Area (Calif.) 2000s (Decade) Immigration & society Pasig City (Manila, Philippines) Description An account of the resource Oral History interview of Dylan Barazon by Elise Israel Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 20, 2020 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Bulosan Center and the UC Davis Asian American Studies department holds intellectual control of the oral history interview, transcript and audio recordings. Usage is restricted for educational purposes only. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .txt Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa006_s002_0005 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies files Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context wa011 Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Document Text Document text Filipinx Americans constitute one of the fastest growing minority groups in the United States and the Philippines itself is “the fourth largest country of origin of immigrants to the United States” (Zong). This immigrant population is pertinent to some major labor forces here in the US especially in the areas of agriculture and nursing. In order for these people to keep being productive citizens within this country, it is important that we acknowledge the health issues facing this population. ___________________________________________________________ Contrary to other Asian American groups, the Filipinx American population suffers heavily from many chronic lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases, mainly heart disease. In fact, “The leading causes of death among Filipino Americans are diseases of the heart, cerebrovascular disease (e.g., stroke) and diabetes”(Bhimla). The lack of conversation behind Filipinx community members suffering from these health conditions can be traced back to the model minority dialogue of other Asian American ethnic groups. Since other Asian American groups do not suffer as drastically from these chronic diseases, the Filipinx Americans get lumped into the overarching umbrella of health (Trinh-Shevrin). However, Filipinx Americans are a much more assimilated ethnic group in comparison to other Asian Americans dating back to imperialistic relations with the US which led Filipinx immigrants to “exhibit bicultural eating patterns”( Bhimla). ___________________________________________________________This means that Filipinx communities have adapted to western dietary eating habits while keeping their own traditional food alive in their homes. Both kinds of diets “include a high intake of fat and sugar…and high levels of sodium which are associated with an increased risk for hypertension” (Bhimla). Diets of this nature can ultimately lead to chronic diseases. In order to combat these critical health issues there must be lifestyle intervention and educational programs that inform the Filipinx community about the importance of balanced diets and physical activity. This kind of health education, especially in underserved communities, can heighten an individual’s awareness of what these potential risk factors can lead to later on in life if not taken seriously. However, it is of utmost importance to acknowledge the cultural value that traditional Filipinx food holds in their communities (Domingo). ___________________________________________________________ One solution can be suggesting alternative ways to prepare food for everyday living, such as baking instead of frying, using leaner protein sources, as well as incorporating more fruits and vegetables into meals. The real authentic food and preparation can be left for special family gatherings and other significant life events. Because of the heavily family oriented values within the Filipinx American culture, when implementing these kinds of educational programs, family members and close friends should encourage one another to participate in these educational programs in order to better themselves and live longer healthier lives. The Filipinx American community is an integral part of the larger functioning US society. Which is why it is imperative to address these public health concerns for Filipinx American individuals. Through education and reaching out to under served areas, we can make sure this community is around for a long time. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Public Health Concerns of the Filipinx American Community Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lalaine Berube Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 19, 2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Courtesy of Lalaine Berube. Copyright holders retain copyright ownership, granting a nonexclusive license to Welga Digital Archive and the Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies to publish the article, meaning that the author may also publish it elsewhere. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Filipino American Experiences Oral History Project Description An account of the resource The Filipino American Experiences Oral History Project contains oral history interviews from Filipino Americans and individuals who worked closely with Filipino American activists. A large portion of the interview reflects on Filipino inclusion in the United Farm workers the United Farm Workers and the Filipino American farmworker activism. Additional information in the interviews focuses on various historic sites of memory for Filipinos in California, such as the International Hotel in San Francisco and Agbayani Village in Delano. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Allan Jason Sarmiento Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Tara Rino Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Russ Rino Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound. Interview w/ Russ Rino Transcription completed by: Tara Rino TR: Okay, so can you please introduce yourself? RR: Russ Rino. TR: Okay, so we’re just gonna be talking about your experience as a Filipino immigrant, and moving to America. So, when and where were you born and raised? RR: I was born and raised in Pililla, Rizal, Philippines. TR: When were you born? RR: February 18th. TR: What year? RR: 1942. TR: Okay, so can you please share any memories or experiences growing up in the Philippines? RR: Well, I came from a family of 11 siblings. So, my father was receiving what we call pension from the American government. And my mother was always a housewife. And it was a challenge for a big family like ours. And so from my childhood I was always aspiring to do something better. I want the better version of myself. TR: What were you aspiring to be at that time? RR: During those days, I really wanted to be a lawyer. But later on as I get a little older, I realize that it would have been a very expensive proposition. And during high school days, raised as a Catholic, going to Catholic high school, I actually wanted to be a priest. Then I looked at my younger siblings, and I said, “Well, if I go to priesthood, I don't think anybody can provide education to my three younger brothers.” So I keep on with my dream of becoming an engineer, and I did. TR: So, can you talk about some challenges that your family had? RR: Yes, one of the challenges in a big family is we have sufficient food, having abundance of rice, vegetables, and daily needs. But the biggest challenge for me, myself, is finances. So, during elementary school I learned how to sell bread. Back in the Philippines, we call it Pandesal. That is the most popular breakfast for Filipino people. Then during the day, this is during my elementary school, I will sell what we call here ice cream. And I save money to help myself go to school. And then in high school, my father, being politically well connected, high school days I was working for the government in the highway construction. I was what we call a timekeeper. I keep track of all the highway construction workers’ time. And again, trying to save money. And then college, my first two years of college, I was fortunate enough to academically qualify for a two-year scholarship from the biggest oil gas company in the Philippines: CalTex, which stands for California-Texas oil, a joint venture of Texas oil and standard oil here in Californa and Texas. And then after my two-year college, I worked for the Philippine government during the day and then at night time, I will hop on the bus, go to the University Belt in the Philippines that is in what we call a place called Quiapo, then I was going to my night school, going for my chemical engineering degree. TR: So how much did you make selling Pandesal and ice cream? RR: Oh, I don’t know.. Pandesal and ice cream? If I make 10 pesos a day, during those times, that’s plentiful. And then during high school years, working for the provincial government, I was earning the minimum wage of 4 pesos an hour. So again, that money was basically for myself. Saving it for my college years. And then, my first two years, as I said, I was a two-year scholar of the oil company CalTex and I was receiving a monthly… not salary but it’s a scholarship expense of about 350 dollars a month. For the next 2 years of my college scholarship. TR: So, were you the first in your family to move to America from the Philippines? RR: Yes I was. And then I brought seven siblings after I obtained my US citizenship. So, except for one, all of those siblings are still here in America. TR: Can you talk about your experience moving here? How did it happen? RR: Well again, I was always aspiring for a better life. Always looking for what we call in the Philippines “greener pasture”. High school days and college days, that young age, most young men will be maybe looking for a girlfriend, but I wasn’t. I was focused on my studies because I have an ambition to one day come to America. And good enough, I was able to do that, with focusing on my ambition. So here I am, fifty years later, still doing what I think is good for my family. TR: So how did you move here? RR: Well, again, life is tough in the Philippines. TR: No, how did you get to America? RR: I am what you’d call first batch of Filipino professionals to come to America, meaning college educated. And so I applied at the U.S. immigration office in Manila, Philippines. TR: So, what are some of your favorite memories of growing up in the Philippines? RR: Coming from a big family, siblings of eleven, it was always fun playing with my brothers and sisters. Those were my priceless moments. So when I came to America, November 2nd, 1968, for months, I could not adjust to American life. My first year in America, I always wanted to go back to the Philippines and be with my family. There were moments in time that I will say, “Oh, I wish I had stayed there.” That’s how much I missed my family. Although I was always aspiring to come to America, but once I got here, it wasn’t as easy I thought it would be. Because then again, I was longing, I was missing my family. And it got to the point where… and I came you know, November timeframe, cold, and not knowing many very many people, I was really homesick. TR: So, when you first came here it was just you by yourself? RR: Yes! TR: So where did you get situated in America at first? RR: Well, not knowing any better, I ended up living with strangers, people that I’ve never met, people that I did not know. I was just introduced to them by some folks in the Philippines. So my first three months, I was living with a couple. TR: Where? RR: Again, not knowing much about the area, I settled in East Palo Alto of all places. TR: So what happened after that? RR: Well, soon after, within a month of my arrival, through people that I did not know, I was able to get a job from a electronic manufacturing company in San Carlos. And for what it’s worth, to this very moment, I still remember this company’s name, which was Lenkurt Electronics in San Carlos, California. And not owning a car, I was carpooling with a woman that I was introduced to and her husband. TR: So did you get the job because of your engineering degree from the Philippines? RR: No, actually, having a degree coming from the Philippines, I felt like that was used against me in the sense that I was overqualified for the job that I first landed. It was an electric manufacturing company and I did not have to disclose my degree otherwise I probably would have not been accepted for that assembly position for an engineer coming from the Philippines. All I had was $300 in my pocket and a need to survive, a need to find a job quickly so I can settled in East Palo Alto. TR: So did you get that job right when you came to America or how long did it take? RR: Yeah, within a month of my arrival. And it’s rather easy during those years to find a job because there were plenty of job openings in manufacturing, although Vietnam War was getting to its end and there were also many job applicants. TR: So you were in America around the time of the Vietnam War? RR: Yeah, I arrived here in November 2nd, 1968 and the American government was beginning to pull out the American troops from Vietnam. So many Vietnam War veterans were out there looking for a job. And you know, they had the priority over other applicants and they so well-deserved it. After all, they served for the country. TR: So are you still an engineer today or did that change? RR: No, just to backtrack a little bit, I always wanted to practice my chemical engineering profession. So when I first arrived here, my first month, this was before I took that electronic manufacturing job, I went to Chicago, Illinois. I applied for a chemical engineering position. I had a good letter of recommendation coming from the vice president of the oil company back in the Philippines, CalTex. Highly recommended to Standard Oil of California and I went to their San Francisco headquarters on Sansome Street. But you know, there was not very many demand for chemical engineers in California. And that’s why for about two weeks, I went back East or Midwest, I went to Chicago and looked for a chemical engineering job. I found one, but by that time, I realized how cold Chicago can get. So I declined the job offer and instead flew back to California. TR: So you came from the Philippines to Palo Alto, and then you went to Chicago, and then you came back? RR: Yeah, I was just staying, I had a coworker from the government agency in the Philippines that I worked with and so for two weeks, I stayed with him in Chicago. And I went as far as Miluwakee, Wisconsin, which is neighboring state of Illinois, looking for a chemical engineering job. But again, I found one in Chicago area but did not take it. TR: So you said that your first couple months in America was hard, so what did expectations did you have of America before you came? RR: Well, it’s probably the same expectations which is not really the way it is, by many people in the Philippines. People in the Philippines think that money in America grows in the tree, which is not at all. Soon after settling here, then I realized that beginning your life in America can be very difficult and at times very disheartening, not the way I was expecting it. But someone has to adjust. TR: Once you started to get settled in, did you feel disconnected from the Filipino culture, or did you find a way to stay connected with your culture? RR: Well, just to give you a quick background, my father was well politically-connected in the Philippines. Actually, my plan was to stay in America for five years and go back after that because at the time, it was president Marcos who was in the government. And a very good and close family friend of us, a good buddy of my father, Senator Salonga was going to, well the assumption was going to be the next president after President Marcos. And being a close family friend, I was hoping that after five years here, and when he becomes the president, I would go back there and probably get a good paying, good position in the Philippine government. But as I look back, I have no regrets. If that had happened, if President Marcos did not declare Martial Law, and Senator Salonga became president, I can only predict that knowing how the Philippine government runs, I could have been working for a good position in the government but I would have been corrupted. So again, you know, destiny was on my favor that I stayed in America. So here I am, working hard on my own, achieving American dreams, and helping not only my family, but other extended families or friends. So I had no regrets. TR: Yeah but did you feel like you were still connected to the Filipino culture or did you feel more Americanized at all, throughout your life here? RR: After my first ten years here, I sort of disconnected with the Philippine culture. And now, I don’t even go back to the Philippines for like every eleven years, thirteen years. My family is here, and to me this is home. I love the Philippine culture, I love the Philippines being my native country, but at the end of the day, America is my home. TR: Do you still have any Filipino traditions and values that you keep alive in your family today? RR: Well my number one would be the religion. I try very hard to do my obligation to God and then next to my fellow men. I tried very hard to pay tribute to God, attending Sunday masses when it is possible. Eighty, eighty-five percent of my Sunday commitment to God almighty. I’m able to accomplish that by going to mass. Not until the pandemic happened, then I do the virtual mass during Sundays. TR: So what does being Filipino-American mean to you? RR: Well again, I’m very proud to be Filipino. But by the same token, for what it’s worth, I am more Americanized in more ways than one. Politically, I’m totally disconnected in the Philippines. I don’t know (and not in a bad way), I don’t care who runs the Philippine government but at times when I watch the news when I get on a Filipino channel, it hits home when I see beautiful places back in the Philippines which I never travelled. I was pretty much contained in Manila. What is very disheartening to me though, watching Filipino television channels, is how oppressed and how poor the Filipino people are. So you know, to me that is heartbreaking. TR: So how many times have you visited the Philippines since you moved in America? RR: In my fifty some years living in America, five times only. TR: What are those experiences like coming back? RR: Well, overall, it was good experience seeing my siblings, relatives. But after ten, maybe twelve days at the most, I am looking to fly back to America. I don’t think I can ever adjust to Filipino way of living anymore. As I said earlier, this is home for me. TR: So you don’t enjoy being in the Philippines anymore? RR: Well the time, the number of days that I stay there. I love the Filipino culture. If anything else, and even here in America, I enjoy food. I always tell my friends the two things that I truly love [about] being alive is eating and playing mahjong. Mahjong is a very traditional way of spending your time with friends. And to my opinion, it also, especially for someone my age, it also sharpens your mind. It makes you think. So yeah, those are the two things I enjoy in life. TR: So do you try to pass on any parts of Filipino culture onto your kids, like the language or anything? RR: Not really, because everyone in my family speaks English. At times, I will ask them to pay a visit to the Philippines, but with all candidness, I’m totally (for the most part) disconnected with the Philippines. TR: Do you have anything specific you want to share? Like about your experiences throughout your life, anything about being Filipino/Filipino-American? RR: As you get older, you appreciate life more and you really want to give the best you can to your family. Just trying to do the right thing and still, I’m very active in what I do in life which is real estate and also I am slowly developing a second business venture which is helping a family, getting them educated, how to make money and how to invest wisely, and this other business venture that I am focusing more and more, we have a saying that “No family is left behind.” In the financial world, unless you have $250,000 sitting in your bank account, there is no financial advisor that will even talk to you. They won’t give you their time to give you financial education on how to make and save money, how to avoid paying too much on your income tax. So, more and more, I am focusing on this new business venture. But by the same token, after forty years of real estate life, I am still out there, helping families and I am very competitive. My company obviously is owned by Warren Buffet, Berkshire Hathaway. It’s a very competitive environment, and I’m telling you, I’m saying this with no bad taste, that I’m giving those young realtors a run for their money. I’m out there helping families whether buying or selling homes, and I’m good on what I do. After forty years of being a real estate agent. TR: So you’re obviously very educated and successful. How would you compare yourself to your siblings that live here in America? You said you have six, seven? RR: Eight siblings as we speak. TR: How many are in America? RR: Four of us here in America. The other sisters had gone back and retired in the Philippines. Well, I don’t know. I try not to compare myself with other people and not to compare myself with my siblings, but I feel good. I think I have accomplished what I wanted to accomplish in America. I feel very successful and I think financially, owning multiple real estate properties, I think in my own little way, I am very successful. TR: Did you help your siblings get here to America? RR: Yes indeed. I brought them all one by one, Some of them took me seventeen years. Some of them took me eighteen, nineteen years to bring them over. But that patience at the end of the day pays off. So they are all here, well still three of them (four including myself) are all here enjoying the American life. TR: Do you think you could talk about the process for bringing each sibling? And you can use their names. In any order, doesn’t matter. RR: Not anymore. The US government, and I think I can look back to the years of Bill Clinton, President Clinton. I think that’s when the Immigration Law had started shifting. Prior to that, you have this… I don’t know if you would call it US citizenship “privilege” that you can bring your siblings, whether it’s brother or sister, you can petition for them. And as I said, depending on the priorities, some of my siblings came here after eighteen years of me filing petition on their behalf. Some of them eighteen, nineteen years. But the US government had stopped doing that from the Philippines, anyway. I don’t know of any other countries and other parts of the world that are still privileged to bring their siblings to America, but at least in the Philippines, that immigration benefit for Filpino people had stopped couple decades ago. TR: Wait why did it take so many years, like eighteen, nineteen years for some of them? RR: Because of many applicants. Can you imagine, every single country in the world, from small countries, island countries to even big countries, everybody wants to migrate to America. So just the immigration process is just very cumbersome, for that very reason that people want to come in to America. And I don’t know why, I think nowadays it’s sort of late to migrate to America because now, it’s not what it was like twenty-some years ago. TR: So you said when you first came to America, you were in Palo Alto. How did you end up here in San Jose? RR: Well, soon after that, I think I stayed in East Palo Alto for about a year, adjusting life, working, and always trying to better myself. And then after that, I start making a little more money, I was able to buy a brand new car, and then I moved to Santa Clara. Still living in an apartment. I had no real estate background, nobody had given me any education on real estate. So at some point in my life, 1969 to 1971, I moved down to Southern California because I was getting tired of working for the electronic manufacturing and so I reached out to a company that I worked for in the Philippines after I left the Philippine government. I worked for a company, that was shortly before migrating to America. A company called Philippine Standard, which is the Philippine operations of America Standard. There in that company, I was able to practice some of my chemical engineering background. I was a lab technician for American Standard in Torrance, California. All it took was one phone call and I introduced myself to the vice president of operations for American Standard and I told them that I worked for their Philippine plant. Gave them a quick background of myself and January 1970, they invited me to fly down to Torrance, California for a job interview and after that interview, I was accepted. Then I moved down to Southern California. I lived there for about twenty-five, twenty-six months. After that length of time, I realized that that is really not the place I wanted to live the rest of my life [in]. It was very crowded, and so I moved back to now what we call Silicon Valley. So here I am in San Jose, California. TR: Did you end up living with your siblings at any point when you were in America? RR: No, pretty much on my own. I bought my first house in Santa Clara and my first sibling that came to America, he lived with me. TR: What’s his name? RR: Roland. At that time, I was working for a company in Mountain View called Spectra Physics. And so I got my brother Roland a job at Spectra Physics. I was in that company for about thirteen years. Until I did not want to be a part of a manufacturing environment anymore. So May 1980 is when I passed my real estate exam from the state of California and I worked real estate for five years after I got my license in 1980. So by 1985, I completely disconnected myself in the manufacturing company. By then, I had established my real estate career and now after all those years, I’m still doing real estate strongly. Still making a difference in families’ lives. TR: So what was it like moving to America and being away from your parents? RR: Tough. Again as I said earlier, there was a point in my life that I said, “Oh, I probably should have stayed in the Philippines. I will probably be still poor, but at least I am with my family.” But you know, after all those years, again, I have no regret. Keeping on, always striving to do better, always wanting to improve, always wanting to bring the best version of myself, and so again here I am. Fifty-some years after, living happily in America with my family. TR: So when you moved from the Philippines to America, was it just a straight flight to America? RR: I can tell you this much, and that was my first experience to fly. I flew Northwest Airlines. And our point of entry to America from the Philippines was Seattle, Washington. And so that was a two, maybe three hour layover from Seattle, Washington airport and then Northwest Airlines flew us down to San Francisco. And that was the beginning of my American life. TR: Do you think you were able to fulfill the dreams you had growing up in your life now in America? Like your dreams and aspirations? RR: Here in America? TR: Yeah. RR: Oh yes, definitely. I would have not been in this stage of my life had I not migrated in America. And who knows, knowing the life in the Philippines, I may not have lived this long. Here, healthy environment, peaceful surroundings, healthy food. If I need any doctor attention, I can easily get it, although at my age, I’m very healthy, I have no health issues. The only issue I have as far as my health is I have a minor case of asthma and that is under control. And then enjoying eating and until about ten, twelve years ago I wasn’t eating healthy, I did not know any better. Eating red meat to non red meat. So I learned that to live healthy, you just have to watch your diet. And I am doing great on that. For the most part, I only eat chicken and fish. And again, thank God. No health issues at this point in my life. And with God upward watching me and me doing my part as far as behaving on what I take in, I intend and I plan to be around for a little while longer. TR: Have you ever made any observations between your family here in America and maybe like your siblings’ families that live in the Philippines? RR: Well there’s no comparison. In the Philippines, just to track back a little bit, that was one of my motivation to get out of the country: it’s either you are poor or you are rich. My family, fortunately, we were not poor. But I would not even call us in the middle because there’s nothing in between. But we were fortunate enough because of my parents’ land holding. We were able to plant rice, vegetables, fruits, the daily stipend, the daily human needs. So, we were not deprived of the common commodities. Not financially rich, but we were okay. TR: How valuable do you view the Filipino-American community in your life? RR: At one point in my life, I was well connected with Filipino associations here in Silicon Valley. But as I continue working real estate, I am doing less of that and spending more time in real estate. After all, that is my passion. So I have not been involved in any local Filipino associations, but I would at times attend different regional Filipino association gatherings. Whether it’s from Central Philippines, Northern Philippines, or whatever part of the Philippines, when they reach out to me, I was always there for them. I will give financial support through advertising my real estate business. So, I’m still there whenever I’m need by the Filipino communities. TR: So you’re happy living here in America? RR: Very much so. That’s an understatement. TR: Is there any final statements or memories you wanna share? RR: Well, I think from my experience on my childhood, always working, doing the things that I did in elementary school, selling bread, selling ice cream. Then high school, I had my own banana, papaya plantations so on weekends I can reach out to three, four buddies and say, “Hey, help me pick vegetables so I can sell it to the market so I can use that money for my high school expense.” And then, moving to America, you know, never stopped. Just like in the Philippines. At my age, I am still working. I think I will get bored if I stay home because I am used to always [being] out there helping families achieve their American dream of home ownership, nothing put a smile on my face than handing a house key to my home buyer, first time home buyer because I was able to help them “Put a roof on their head,” as they say. So to me, what I am doing is my passion. And then this added value in my real estate business, the insurance business that I am slowly but surely developing, I am even able to help other families by educating them on how to leverage on their income by not paying too much income tax return to the government. There are ways to do that legally. I mean it’s something that I wish I could discuss here but for respect of time, I won’t do that. It can be very time-consuming. I am and truly enjoying my life in America. TR: Okay, thank you! RR: You are very welcome. I hope this will help a little bit for whatever use this video interview. TR: Thank you for your time. RR: You’re very welcome. Enjoy the rest of your day. Topics/Themes <ul><li style="font-weight:400;">Immigrant experience</li> <li style="font-weight:400;">Bay Area Filipino-American</li> <li style="font-weight:400;">First generation</li> <li style="font-weight:400;">1960s-1970s</li> </ul> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oral History Interview with Russ Rino Description An account of the resource Oral History Interview with Russ Rino, interviewed by Tara Rino Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .txt Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa006_s002_0008 Subject The topic of the resource Philippines Food vendors Rizal (Philippines : Province) Catholic schools East Palo Alto Manufacturing engineering and materials processing Chemical Engineering Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act San Francisco Bay Area (Calif.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 4, 2020 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Bulosan Center and the UC Davis Asian American Studies department holds intellectual control of the oral history interview, transcript and audio recordings. Usage is restricted for educational purposes only. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies files Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context wa011 Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1DBjiSkn8O1RgbBaXH6UMzrTFfXw1WKxw?usp=sharing">https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1DBjiSkn8O1RgbBaXH6UMzrTFfXw1WKxw?usp=sharing</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2019 Filipino American Educators Association of California Conference Subject The topic of the resource ethnic studies Asian American studies Decolonization Education Pedagogy, education and praxis Description An account of the resource Photographs from the 2019 FAEAC Conference, held at UC Davis Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Glenn Aquino Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies and the UC Davis Asian American Studies department holds intellectual control of these photographs. Usage is restricted for educational purposes only. For other usages, please contact Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa011_sg002_s001.8_0001-0150 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies files Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context wa011 Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1VgoqP0v5pUvorSWUmAmerP4UkH48BQT5?usp=sharing" title="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1VgoqP0v5pUvorSWUmAmerP4UkH48BQT5?usp=sharing">https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1VgoqP0v5pUvorSWUmAmerP4UkH48BQT5?usp=sharing</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bulosan Center Celebration with National Nurses United & UC Davis Health Description An account of the resource Celebration event for the launch of the Bulsoan Center for Filipino Studies, sponsored by UC Davis Health and the National Nurses United Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 22, 2020 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Filipino American National Historical Society, Sacramento-Delta Oral History collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context wa021 Subject The topic of the resource Sacramento Veterans Description An account of the resource Complication of oral history interviews conducted by FANHS Sacramento-Delta members. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://archive.org/details/wa021_0005">https://archive.org/details/wa021_0005</a> <iframe width="640" height="480" src="https://archive.org/embed/wa021_0005" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Paul de Mesa Oral History Subject The topic of the resource Sacramento Description An account of the resource Oral history interview with Paul de Mesa Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Filipino American National Historical Society, Sacramento-Delta Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work may be protected by the U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.). In addition, its reproduction may be restricted by terms of gift or purchase agreements, donor restrictions, privacy and publicity rights, licensing and trademarks. This work is accessible for purposes of education and research. Transmission or reproduction of works protected by copyright beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owner. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For information on usage, please contact Bulosan Center Archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Filipino American National Historical Society, Sacramento-Delta Oral History collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context wa021 Subject The topic of the resource Sacramento Veterans Description An account of the resource Complication of oral history interviews conducted by FANHS Sacramento-Delta members. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://archive.org/details/wa021_0002">https://archive.org/details/wa021_0002</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Domingo Los Banos, Untold Triumph Project / Anita Bautista's presentation of "The Filipino and Anti-miscegenation Law of California" Subject The topic of the resource Veterans Miscegenation--United States Interracial marriage--Law and legislation Description An account of the resource This two-part video consists of a short speech by Domingo Los Banos regarding the Untold Triumph Project. The project documents the experiences of Filipino veterans during their times of service. The second half of the video includes Anita Bautista's presentation of "The Filipino and Anti-miscegenation Law of California" Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Filipino American National Historical Society, Sacramento-Delta Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work may be protected by the U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.). In addition, its reproduction may be restricted by terms of gift or purchase agreements, donor restrictions, privacy and publicity rights, licensing and trademarks. This work is accessible for purposes of education and research. Transmission or reproduction of works protected by copyright beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owner. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For information on usage, please contact Bulosan Center Archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Filipino American National Historical Society, Sacramento-Delta Oral History collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context wa021 Subject The topic of the resource Sacramento Veterans Description An account of the resource Complication of oral history interviews conducted by FANHS Sacramento-Delta members. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://archive.org/details/wa021_0003">https://archive.org/details/wa021_0003</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Beginning of the Engkabo Story Subject The topic of the resource Agriculture Farmworkers Veterans Description An account of the resource Slideshow video of Engkabo Family, including historic images from the early, mid, to late 20th century. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Doug & Sherina Paulsen, Engkabo Family Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright attributed to Doug & Sherina Paulsen and the Engkabo Family. This work is accessible for purposes of education and research. Transmission or reproduction of works protected by copyright beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. For information on usage, please contact Bulosan Center Archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context wa021_0003 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Filipino American National Historical Society, Sacramento-Delta Oral History collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context wa021 Subject The topic of the resource Sacramento Veterans Description An account of the resource Complication of oral history interviews conducted by FANHS Sacramento-Delta members. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://archive.org/details/wa021_0001" title="https://archive.org/details/wa021_0001">https://archive.org/details/wa021_0001</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oral History of Alexander R. Aquino Subject The topic of the resource Sacramento Description An account of the resource Oral history interview collected by FANHS Sacramento-Delta chapter members, recording the life and experiences of Alexander R. Aquino. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work may be protected by the U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.). In addition, its reproduction may be restricted by terms of gift or purchase agreements, donor restrictions, privacy and publicity rights, licensing and trademarks. This work is accessible for purposes of education and research. Transmission or reproduction of works protected by copyright beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owner. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For information on usage, please contact Bulosan Center Archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context wa021_0001 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Filipino American National Historical Society, Sacramento-Delta Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Filipino American National Historical Society, Sacramento-Delta Oral History collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context wa021 Subject The topic of the resource Sacramento Veterans Description An account of the resource Complication of oral history interviews conducted by FANHS Sacramento-Delta members. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://archive.org/details/wa021_0004">https://archive.org/details/wa021_0004</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oral History Interview with Eustacquio Estampa Subject The topic of the resource Veterans Sacramento Description An account of the resource Oral history interview collected by FANHS Sacramento-Delta chapter members, recording the life and experiences of Eustacquio Estampa Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work may be protected by the U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.). In addition, its reproduction may be restricted by terms of gift or purchase agreements, donor restrictions, privacy and publicity rights, licensing and trademarks. This work is accessible for purposes of education and research. Transmission or reproduction of works protected by copyright beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owner. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For information on usage, please contact Bulosan Center Archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context wa021_0004 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Filipino American National Historical Society, Sacramento-Delta Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fenkell Family collection Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1IZeNE38pK0qvYnIK98cPJ0VQ2yxas3n8?usp=sharing">JPG Images</a> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WTZiYno3O6j0pUPd97iR-FJJ4i_WT2R2/view?usp=sharing">Text-Searchable PDF</a> Document Text Document text (OCR Text with errors; See <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WTZiYno3O6j0pUPd97iR-FJJ4i_WT2R2/view?usp=sharing">PDF </a>for complete text) 1978 Filipino People's Far West Convention U.C.L.A. September 1, 2, 3 Presented By 1978 FPFWC PLANNING GROUP Sponsors: Asian American Studies Center ( UCLA) Samahar,g Pilipino {UCLA) Union of Democratic Filipinos ( KDP) Unite and Fight for Our Rights WHAT IS THE FILIPINO PEOPLE'S FAR WEST CONVENTION? The Filipino Peoples Far West Convention (FPFWC) first began in 1971 marking Filipinos' awak~ning to the realities faced by our community here in the U.S. as part of the Civil Rights Movement. Since then, the FPFWC has yearly brought together Filipinos from all over the West Coast to discuss pressing issues faced by our people as well as share with each other common experiences as a minority community in this country. Going on its 8th year, the FPFWC has matured into an organized and disciplined gathering of Filipinos which has become commonly recognized with the following main features. One is the general assembly which has traditionally opened the convention with speakers addressing the delegates on the tasks and responsibilities of the FPFWC. Another has been the workshops which have become the backbone of these conventions as this is where the active exchange of ideas and sharing of experiences take place among the delegates. A special highlight of the FPFWC is the Saturday night cultural affair wherein a variety of cultural presentations have been shown throughout the years. Philippine cultural dances as well as full stage performances such as the play lsuda Ti lmuna have been some of the grand presentations shown in these evenings. Lastly, the convention ends with a final general assembly where workshop reports and resolutions are presented to the whole convention assembly for discussion and approval. This activity-packed convention schedule is additionally featured with cultural entertainment during meal breaks and ample opportunities to get to know other delegates from other areas. The whole convention is capped with a dance on Sunday evening. SUCCESSFUL FAR WEST CONVENTIONS (FWC'S) The Berkeley FWC (1975) drew 500 delegates to an action-packed convention. There were two major resolutions which created two working bodies aimed at: a) developing unity among Filipino students in the West Coast, resulting in the successful formation of the West Coast Confederation of Filipino Students and which has since helped establish Filipino clubs in many schools and universities in the West Coast; b) the formation of an active body of educators and concerned community leaders, the Education Task Force, whose goal was to initiate the correction of t~~ ~istorical omissions and distortions concerning Fi11p1nos and Filipino-Americans in textbooks used by the various school districts in California. The Seattle FWC (1976) attracted a broad spectrum of people from the community drawing nearly 700 people representing a good balance of both the old and young sectors. The Seattle Convention is the most outstanding yet in achieving the broadest community participation in the FWC's as delegates met in ~orkshops and confronted some of the more pressing issues of the day such as the licensure barriers faced by Philippine-trained professionals, how to build strong student organizations, the discriminatory character of social science textbooks used in the schools, and many more. In the cultural field, a community grass roots play Tagatupad was performed on Saturday evening portraying the Seattle Filipino community's own history and the present struggle of low-income housing in Seattle's International District. The San Diego FWC (1977) had another record attendance of 600 people. The Convention was particularly significant in that it took to discussion all the pressing issues of the day. Filipino senior citizens evicted from the International Hotel struggle in San Francisco were speakers on the serious housing problems confronting elderly citizens of minority communities throughout the country. Farmworkers and labor leaders were also present to speak of their plight in the central valleys of California and the canneries in Alaska. 1978 FPFWC THEME: Unite and Fight for Our Rights This year's theme acknowledges the many struggles Filipinos are involved in all over the country. Struggles such as the fight for fair licensure by Filipino medical workers and those of other professions as well as the victorious fight of Narciso and Perez against an attempted FBI frame-up for a crime they did not commit demonstrate our community's growing recognition of the need to defend our democratic rights and fight for those denied to us. While the theme reflects this growing political maturation of our community, it also calls on us to further build on this and hasten this growth. Many cases of injustices faced by Filipinos and other nonwhite minorities still go unchallenged requiring of us a greater effort to check any national or racial discrimination we may encounter. Lastly, the theme provides a most meaningful purpose on which to forge unity among Filipinos under a common goal and direction. THE 1978 FPFWC'S POINTS OF UNITY The 1978 FPFWC, which is scheduled to be held at UCLA during the Labor Day weekend at the end of the summer, has adopted the following points of unity. 1. As a minority community here in the U.S. it is the convention's goal to forge community awareness of the national and racial discrimination it faces in this country and to uphold Filipinos' democratic right to equal employment, education, housing, health services, and other basic rights enjoyed by all citizens of this country. 2. Because Filipinos have maintained and continue to keep ties with the homeland, the FPFWC sees the need to take an active concern of the existing conditions and present situation in the Philippines. It hopes to accomplish this by providing the forum where convention delegates can be informed and updated of developments unfolding in the homeland. To be successful, the 1978 FPFWC needs your help and support. D I want to attend the Convention. Please send a registration form. D Please send me more information about the 1978 FPFWC and include me on your 1 mailing list. D I can donate to help defray the costs of the convention. Enclosed is $ Name Address City State Telephone# __ _ Area Code Zip Unite an WHAT IS THE FILIPINO PEOPLE'S FAR WEST CONVENTION? The Filipino Peoples Far West Convention (FPFWC) first began in 1971 marking Filipinos' av,akening to the realities faced by our community here in the U.S. as part of the Civil Rights Movement. Since then, the FPFWC has yearly brought together Filipinos from all over the West Coast to discuss pressing issues faced by our people as well as share with each other common experiences as a minority community in this country. Going on its 8th year, the FPFWC has matured into an organized and disciplined gathering of Filipinos which has become commonly recognized with the following main features. One is the general assembly which has traditionally opened the convention with speakers addressing the delegates on the tasks and responsibilities of the FPFWC. Another has been the workshops which have become the backbone of these conventions as this is where the active exchange of ideas and sharing of experiences take place among the delegates. A special highlight of the FPFWC is the Saturday night cultural affair wherein a variety of cultural presentations have been shown throughout the years. Philippine cultural dances as well as full stage performances such as the play /suda Ti lmuna have been some of the grand presentations shown in these evenings. Lastly, the convention ends with a final general assembly where workshop reports and resolutions are presented to the whole convention assembly for discussion and approval. This activity-packed convention schedule is additionally featured with cultural entertainment during meal breaks and ample opportunities to get to know other delegates from other areas. The whole convention is capped with a dance on Sunday evening. SUCCESSFUL FAR WEST CONVENTIONS (FWC'S) The Berkeley FWC (1975) drew 500 delegates to an action-packed convention. There were two major resolutions which created two working bodies aimed at: a) developing unity among Filipino students in the West Coast, resulting in the successful formation of the West Coast Confederation of Filipino Students and which has since helped establish Filipino clubs in many schools and universities in the West Coast; b) the formation of an active body of educators and concerned community leaders, the Education Task Force, whose goal was to initiate the correction of t f t For General lnformat/On Coordinator CONTACT: Jaime Geaga Rafael Orpilla Marilou Perez Joe Palicte or (273} 673-7520 (273) 677-3857 (273) 778-7069 (273} 834-2722 Send Letters To: 7978 FPFWC University of California Asian American Studies Center 3232 Campbell Hall Los Angeles, California 90024 Please pass on to a friend. -.:::t" N 0 0 °' WELCOME, We are very pleased that you are participating in this fundraiser to send delegates to the Filipino Peoples Far West Convention. Wilh your help, the people listed on the next page will have an opportunity to attend the convention. What is the Filipino Peoples Far West Convention? Since 1971 Filipinos from throughout the west coast have annually attended the convention and discussed key issues of concern in the Filipino Community. Delegates from Hawaii, Seattle, and Northern Californi· have attended consistently in the past. Those delegates passed resolutions insuring the working character of the convention. Therefore, the Far West Convention not only serves as the meeting place of many Filipinos, but as a huge symposium of sharing ideas, experiences and workable resolutions. We hope that you enjoy yourselves today. And don't forget the Disco Dance tonight when the trophies will be awarded to the winning teams from the Volleyball and Basketball tourneys. Salamat, SACRAMENTO FILIPINO PEOPLES FAR WEST CONVENTION DELEGATION COMMITTEE P.S. Keep this program so you can use the map on the back to use as directions to the dance. TENTATIVE DELEGATES TO THE FAR WEST CONVENTION : 1. Mr . & Mrs . Aglubat 2 . Tessie Aglubat 3, Al Balinguit 4, Bernard Beckker 5, Mr. & Mrs. Wa1•ren Bon ta 6, Greg Galeste 7, Ferd Galvez 8 . Sonja Jhao 9 , Mr, & Mrs, Mazon 1 0 . Jay Paular 11, Mr . Jerry Paular 1 2 , Paul Paular 1 J . Malinda Pedregosa 1 4, Pre scilla Pedregosa 1 5. Terri Pedregosa r6. Domingo Pilorin 1 7 • Dolores Pizarro Jr. 1 8. Donny Pizarro 1 9 . Lee Pl awn 2 0 . Paul Porras 2 1 • Gary Reyes 22, Ted Sanchez Jr. 23 , Carmelita Sarte 24, Remea Veia 2 5, Rone Vergura 26. Sonny Vergara 2 7 • Becky Villones 28 . Diane Villones 2 9 • I rene Villones 30. Maxie Villones 31. Nina Fenkell THE STOCKTON BRUINS LARRY LEDESMA KENNY QUILDARINO JIMMY ZULUETA RAOUL ROSAL TEDDY ROSAL EAGLES FRANK OROSCO MIKE HARRIS MIKE RABAGO CARINE NAVIDAD HENRY CASTILLO-CAPTAIN STEPHEN J RAMBONGA BRIAN L RAMBONGA GREGORY F RAMBONGA RICK TECZON SID CALIJA ROCKY ARONG LARRY RIN MIKE KEESEE ROBERT TERRANSE STOCKTON FILS MANNY ALFONSO-CAPTAIN PETER BASILIO DANNY BASILIO JOE BASILIO GONSALO TABOIS MARK TABIOS JORGE CASILLAS JOSE VALLE BENNY WYATT MANUOL BONZO SILANGAN DANTE ANCHETA-CAPTAIN HENRY LORENZO RUBEN QUIAOIT DANNY RABENA ROLAND JOHNSON ALEX ENGLISH LEVI AREVALO MANUEL ANCHETA JUNIOR MANZANO BENNY INES ROMEO ASPIRAS B A S K E T B A L L FIL- AM TRAVEL ALVIN MANG I NDIN-CO-CAPTAIN GEORGE PEDREGOSA- CO-CAPTAIN DALE YURONG- CO- CAPTAIN LOYD ROLLE LARRY WALKER LEONARD CLEMENTE ARNELL AGDIPA ALAN AMEN DRAGONS LESTER VERGARA-CAPTAIN SONNY VERGARA JIMMY VERGARA RAYMOND BALTAZAR REYNALDO BALTAZAR RICKY PLAZA JEFF ? TAMARAW TONY BJ.SCO RUDY MENDEZ ARTHUR PAYAWAL JAY PAULAR-CAPTAIN RUDY ALLIEZA TERRY RIVERA NOY CHURIDIAN VIC RIVERA STEVE GUEVAIA JR GREG GALESTE MALAKAS JOHN PANETA ANDERSON ENGLISH TONY PAGANAY MARLON GUANZON-CAPTAIN MANOLO COLON NATHON NAVARRETE ALFRED LANDIS ROY GALARPE GEORGE GUANZON WILLIE BULDA NESTOR FERNANDEZ MARLON GUANZON SANTE PERRERAS MAJOR TEAMS ZO()NIES 2. VILLAGE PEOPLE TIM FENKELL-CAPTAIN FIL VILLONES-CAPTAIN MIKE ITO LUCIE VILLONES CAROL KURAHARA BRENDA HAILEY IRENE VILLONES JUDY TAKEUCHI LIZ FENKELL MARLENE TSUJITO DAN EBBERTS STEVE MC WILLIAMS BOB WEBSTER 3. PALAQUEROS PETE? - CAPTAIN LANZE? TONI ? ELENOR? JUNEAVE? CINDY? STEVEN? JERRY KASIWADA THE GANG 5. VALLEJO EDMUND VASQUEZ-CAPTAIN VERA SENCIL-CAPTAIN MARLINE PEDREGOSA JORGE SENCIL PRESCILLA PEDREGOSA DWAYNE ORIARTE MALINDA PEDREGOSA BOB PANGELINAN LLOYD ROLLE JEANNE KOLDA WAYNE? RON GARTON GARY GARTON MINOR TEAMS CHOCOLATE MEAT 2. SACTO VOLLEYS ALEJA RAMBONGA-CAPTAIN TED SANCHEZ JR-CAPTAIN MICKAEL RUBIANES DICK MAZON ARTHUR ZULUETA ANTHONY PADENA ANDREA HARRIS KATHY VILLONES DAVID RUBIANES LEE PFLAUM LIZ ZULUETA TOM WONG JIM ZULUETA MARY WONG MARY AYUPAN JOEY FORTES FRED AYNAGA BENITA? BENITA VALENCIA NANCY CALHOUN 3. KYDZ EDDIE EVANGELISTA-CAPTAIN LEO EVANGELISTA CRIS GALESTE MANUEL GALESTE JOE GARCIA PRISCILLA GARCIA DANNY HERNANDEZ LYDIA HERNANDEZ VANGIE MENESES VINCE MENESES PAUL'S TEAM 5. DISCO VOLLEY PAUL PORRES-CAPTAIN RICHARD MACASIEB-CAPTA TERRI PEDREGOSA OSCAR ABAIR JUNBOY RABANIL JAMES HERRIQUES A. REMULAT LILETTE CRISOLOGO KELLY TEESON LYRA CRISOLOGO DEBBIE CLAVEJO LYRIC SAYSON LEO CABANERO NANCY KREMER REN CRISOLOGO SPECIAL THANKS ARE EXTENDED TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEE MEMBERS WHOSE TIME AND EFFORTS MADE OUR TOURNAMENT AND DANCE POSSIBLE: TOURNAMENT OUTREACH 1 • Kiki Bermudez 1 • Cyn Bonta 2 . Liz Fenkell 2. Diane Galeste 3. Tim Fenkeli J. Greg Galeste 4. Ferd Galvez 4. Jan Gorre s. Marlon Guanzon s. Mrs. Gorre 6. Sam Haloyoloy 6. Marline Pedregosa 7. Dick Mazon 1. Domingo Pilorin 8. Edmund Pambio 8. Dolores Pizarro 9. Jay Pau}ar 9. Dolores Pizarro, Jr. 10. Mrs. Rabena 10. Donny Pizarro 11. Ted Sanchez, Jr. 12. Kathy Villones 1 3. Lester Vergara 14. Sonny Vergara REGISTRATION 15. Fil Villones 1 • Rosie Gaters 16. Lucy Villones 2. Norma Pena ~ 1. Bernard Beckker 2. Gary Reyes 3, Rolle Vergara SPONSORSHIPS 1. AKO 2. Anti-Martial Law Alliance J. Camelia Lodge 4. Filipino Community of Sacram'mto & Vicinity S. Filipino 3tudent Alliance of Sacramento 6. Union of Democratic Filipinos 7. Visnyan Club 8. SFACC 9. Congress of Filipino American Citizens The Sacramento Filipino Peoples Far West Convention Delegation would like to thank the following people for their donations without whom this fundraiser couldn't have been a success. MR. TED SANCHEZ SR. MR. DOMINGO PILORIN DR. TONEL DR. MONTEMAYOR MRS. M. VALDEZ MR. LEO BAUTISTA MR. PASTOR ENGKABO MR. JERRY PAULAR SR. RIVERA PRODUCTIONS JR. RIVERA MRS. FONTINILLA BOBBIE AGWBUT MR. VINCENT REYES SR. MR. ED BANSUELO ESPERANZA CARE HOME MRS. GRACE IGNACIO MR. & MRS. FRANK EDRALIN MR. STAN QUINTO MR. LAWRENCE AYSON - FIL AM TRAVEL MR. CONSTANTJNO VERGARA FLORIN ROAL TOYOTA MR. FRANK FORTEZ • • • October Jv, 19/8 Attention: To the core of the Los Angeles Filipino People's Far West Convention From : The Sacramento Filipino People's Far West Convention lnterim Committee Maligayang araw sa inyong lahat. We are writing to investigate the possiblity of holding a meet~n3 1n Sacramento with somewne who had worked in the core of the FWC held recently in Los Angeles. We are presently in the planning stages of our work and feel that, in rdo~ for us to see the complete picture of what lies ahead for us, sharing the problems, the framework of the convention, and the lessons of previous FWC nosts ahead of time, would enable us to avoid costly errors. Topics of the meeting would include: 1. budget 6. registration set-up 2. facilities 7. security J. problem areas 4. materials 8. food 9. convention schedule 5. committees 10. f1.m.draisers We have set aside the weekend of October 21st & 22nd as the tentative meeting date with your representative. We plan to fund the trip and pr vide _ ·0 1 and accommodat~ons forte weekend. e hope to share our valley experiences by traveling aoout the ·•acr1mento aommunity and vicinity. lf it appears that no one will be availRble, may we request that a copy of bhe framework of the .• · , which would include the above areas, to be sent to us as an example in our work? We are presently in the midst of researching for a site, po~sible financial sources and fur.'raisers-, and in establishing a community contacts list. The last weekend in October is when our findings will be presented to the broader planning committee for ~pproval' · nd more extensive research througi the smaller working committees. Thus, it woULd . help us tremendously to hear from you as s~ca. ·s possible. The enthusiasm for a Sacramento Fv/~ is mounting and we h ·~a tv ~ontinue to make it grow through good and thorough planning. Maraming salamat, Members of the Sacrmancto ffPFW~ interim Committee • Attention: To the core of the Seattle Filipino People's Far est ~onvention From : The Sacramento Filipino People's Far est ~onvention interim Gommittee Maligayang araw sa inyong lahat. e are writing to investigate the possioility of holding a meeting in Sacramento with someone who had worked in the core of the FW~ held in Seattle. e are presently in the planning stages of our work and feel trat, in order for us to see the complete picture of what lies ahead for us, sharing tne proolems, the framework of tre convention, and lessons of previous FWG hosts,ahead of time, would enable us to avoid costly errors. Topics of the meeting wou d include: 1. budget 6. registration set-up 2. facilities 7. security 3. problem areas 8. food 4. materials 9. co rention schedule 5. committees 10. fundraisers e have set aside the weekend of O tober 21st & 22nd as the tent tive meeting date with your representative. We plan to fund the trip and provide food and accommodations for +ho weekend. e hope to s 0-3 our valley experiences· traveling wi th our guest in the Sacramento community and vicinity. If it appears that no one will be availaole, may we request that a copy of the framework of the Seattle F G, which would include the above areas, be sent t o us as an example for us in our work? e are presently in the midst of rese~rching for a site, possi~ 2 f.inancial sources and fundraisers, and in est?olishing a community contacts list. The last weekend in Octooer is when our findings will be presented to the broader planning committee for approval and more extensive research th ugh the smaller working committees. Thus, it would help us tremendou· ly to hear from you as soon as possib~a ~. The enthusiasm for a Sacramento FWG is mounting and we hmpe to continue to make it gro t, .ou~ good and thorough planning. Maraming salamat, • Members of the Sacramento FPFWG lnterim Committee • • • Filipino People's Far West Convention Summation Report\ The summation meeting discus'' d the three periods : pre-fwc, fwc and post fwc. The general ft ""iling was very positive . There were particular criticisms for improvement in regards to the tourny fundrc:iiser . However, overall thE. outreach and support for the Dclee;o.tion Committee was Good. Ttm organizations :supported and c:nclorsed the FWC. Many individua_s gave support, und committed themselves if the FWC was to be teld in Sacramento in ' 79 . In the came light the delegation committee felt the LA FWC was very good. Many delegates fElt positive about their participation overall. There were on~ a few workshops with any real difficulties . Sacramento experiences were 1&red and ~efined ideas from the FWC hav~ been brought b-:l.ck to the ~ J.C r·amento Community. The delegation itself had a well roundc~ character ; students (Sac City, Sac State, UCD King HaJl), youth (AKO , Filipinana, Delta), workers (telephone, state, teacher[..·, cL·.:.vate ~ector,ect .) Also, all generations, all waves of imrnigr.:it~o 1s were represented . A total of 39 delegates from Sacramento atteudrc the LA FWC. 35 of whom rode together in the bus to LA. The whole bus ride was high spirited, reflecting the unity of the delegated wi~h the FWC. This spirit remains high in anticipation of hosting the '79 FWC. With this experience the delegation Committee could see how the FWC serves as a unifying force to fight for justice. The FWC has become known as a gathering activity for community leaders to share and discuss the struggle against injustice. Not figure heai corru,,>.l.I.~~ ty lE::ader·s, bur., tnose who re all¥ worK ! or -:.he community. The points of unity clearly reflect this: 1) unite to fight racial and national discrimination and; 2) be concerned with the conditions of the Philippines. For the Deleg~tion Committee hosting the convention meant bringing into this 1 united struggle against injustices the SacrarnunLo unc.l whole Valley area. Why does the Delegnt.ion Committee f'c'('l Lhis p.:irticipation lo so important? The '78 FWC was the j cth annual convention. For the Sacto area the '78 conventil)Tl w:1~.:. the first time a delegation represented the whole community • . The rich exchanged of exp8riencos, analysis, and working resoluLion~ are invaluable for all Filipino communi~ies to gain from. For many years the valley has been regarded as a political vacume, in terms of political action. The FWC offers to open up a ' new dawn,' Silayan', a new awakening. The Sacramneto Delegation Cc;1nn1i tee would like to share this new spirit of unity Valley-wid • 'l'h<.; vu. lley has much to offer and many resources and unutili zed putenLials. The Sact,o committee plans for the particpation of the whole v·illey. Step by setp encouraging and winning unity with the majorlty of the Filipino Community to the FWC points of unity. To do so the Delegation Committee has assigned an interim FWC '79 Planning Committee. This interim is assigned to foundation bld. This means planning the overall approach of the FWC, set into motion preparation work, take care of the site and overall generally lay out a plan for the year's work. Volunteers were taken .:·or the interim committee: Derek Ledda, Dick Mazon, Donny Pizarro, Eli Aquino, Jerry Paular, Jay Paular, Liz Fenkel, Marline Pedregosa, Maxi Villane, Tim Fenkel, Rolly Vergara. Following is the plan of the interim committee. P.O. Box 161964, SACRAMENTO, CA. 95816 PHONE (916) 392-7950 NEWSLETTER Dear Fri ends, With only three weeks away, the 1979 Filipino People's Far ~est Convention is fast approaching'. And the Sacramento Filipino Community is busting with energy while completing all the final preparation work for a successful '79 Convention. Volume t The Convention planning has thrust many into a new realm of unity during this past year. Those organizations and individuals who might in the past have found it difficult to work together, have challenged the old "Filipinos can't unite" stereo~ ype ~nd_replaced it with unity 1n bu1ld1ng the progressive institution, the Filipino Peoole's Far West Convention. To date, there are over 60 people involved and five sponsoring organizations with many more supporting organizations and individuals. The convention has been a major undertaking for Rise To The Call For ACTION! the Sacramento community. Within this past year, there has surfaced many issues for concern which directly relate to Proposition 13 and the rights of new immigrants. In particular : the Filipino Community essential community-based social services have been drastically cut, Filipino teachers fired by the dozens, the quality of education further threatened, and new immigrants harassed and scapegoated, etc. These issues have already gained national prominence and bid the Filipino Community to 11 RISE TO THE CALL FOR ACTI ON! 11 These two major subjects have been chosen to be presented to the General Body at the opening session, to provide a detailed analysis of the issues. . , The convention program has again been planned to include a wellrounded experience for the delegates, beginning with the Community Pot Luck Friday nite, to an Opening Session and lfork hops with a fine cultural play 11C r lng, a War Bride 11 on Saturday evening,\ followed on Sunday with morni g workshops, an afternoon final s ssion, dinner, and then dancing. v!E LOOK FOR\>!AfD TO YOUR PARTICIPATicfrt IN THE 1979 FPFWC! The 1979 Filipino People's Far West Convention marks the 9th annual gathering of concerned Filipinos from throughout the West Coast to discuss pressing issues faced by our community as a minority people in this country. An outgrowth of the progressive movements of the 60's against racism and inequality, the FWC has become an educational and organizing forum uniting the Filipino community on a common perspective and program of action for social and political change. This year's FWC, to be held for the first time in Sacramento, has chosen the theme, "Rise to the Call for Action" with the goals : Organize the Unorganized Break with Passivity Build Solid and Strong Unity in the Community. This is because the Filipino community has progressed beyond cultural identity to an awareness of our common concerns and an assertion of our basic democratic rights. This is reflected in the FWC ' s points of unity, established since 1975 at the Berkeley FWC: l)Maintain an awareness of the national and racial descrimination Filipinos face in this country and uphold our democratic rights to equal employment, education, housing, health services, and all the basic rights enjoyed in this country. 2)Maintain our ties with the homeland through an active concern about the existing conditions jn the Philippines. AT A MOMENT'S Due to the abrupt closure of the Senator Hotel, all housing and on-site registrations are r elocating to th Mans ion Inn, 700-16th Street (16th & H Streets). Del gat s arriving by air or bus, pl ase make arrangements for this last minute change . Pr -re6istration dadline is now moved to August 15th ... Add $5.00 late charg aft r this date . I SACRAMENTO '79 Fil ipino People's Far West Convention tivit to the social, community, personal, family , and political pressures that affect the Filipino n wc m r . Suggest d topi s: The function of th IS; immigrants ' rights; 1 gal procedures ; making th cul tural t ranssition ; services available to the immigran ts ; deport a tion problems. This will be a two-day workshop. PHILIPPINE CONDITIONS - In accordance with the principles of unity of the convention, one of which is to maintain our ties with the Philippines through an active concern about existing conditions there, this workshop will provide an update on the political, economic, and social conditions of the Filipino people under martial law, striving to reflect an all-sided view of the situation. Suggested topics: The new Bases Agreement; political "Normalization" of the Marcos regime; l and reform; multinational corporations; U.S. military aid to the Philippines; the resistance movement. This will be a two-day workshop. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION/EMPLOYMENT - This workshop will address the broad problems of Filipinos in finding and maintaining employment in the context of the affirmative action concept. The implication to Filipino wo r ke r s of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, the Bakke and Web er cases, and other s i gni f icant developments will be brought out fo r ana l ysis. Ways to ac t ively protect, and benefit f r om, a f firmative action righ t s will a lso be examined. Suggested questions fo r discussi on: What is Affirma t ive Ac tion? What shoul d be done to ensure the rights of Fi lipino workers? What kind of attacks have been made against affirmative action? This workshop will absorb other workshops as indicated in their description . PROPOSITION 13 - This workshop d als with an issue that hits all middle and 1ow-incom people, of which the Filipino ommunity is a part. An ducation around th meaning, implications and ff cts that Proposition 13 has on our sentor citizens, welfare r cipi nts, youth, and education is necessary in ord r for us to defend our rights actively and jointly wi t h others outside t he Filipino communi t y who have been j ust as gravely affe c t ed. This workshop will abs orb other works hop' as indicated i n their descriptions. Outreach Committee Sacramento Co-;ivention Center August 31 - September 2 q a.-wi. The Outreach Committee is now in the process of stepping up its visitation work with different social and civic organizations, groups, as well as individuasl in the Sacramento area. To date 120 individuals from the immediate Sacramento area and from other parts of the West Coast have registered for the '79 FPFWC. In this pre-registerd group 50 are from the local area. As yet, the full potential of the entire working body of the FPFWC has not been totally harnessed to actively get our community to participate and register for the convention. The significance of bringing together the greatest number of Filipinos to actively review, discuss and identify the key issues which affect our Filipino Community can only result in a stronger united spirit and action that will hopefully lead to a stronger and more united effort of our Filipino Community in Sacramento. Therefore, we encourage every individual, group and every workingmember and supporter of the FPFWC organization to tell your relatives, friends arid co-workers about the convention. Invite them to have a member of the outreach committee contact thew and make a formal presentation on the convention. Or, give us a telephone call and tell us the names of those you would like us to contact and we will get in touch with them and make all the necessary arrangements to visit them. With all of us working together, unified on the recognition that the FPFWC will be a significant step forward for all Filipinos in Sacramento, lets all make a pledge to minimally get two other people who know about the FPFWC to register to attend. - Finance Committee Income as of August 9, 1979 Income as of August 9, 1979 revenue Volleyball tourney Variety Show Vanguard Foundation Souvenir Program Registration fees Expen ses Projected Food Program Convention Center Hotel Childcare Entertainment Publi city Registration Deficit $ 125.00 212.00 1,500.00 400.00 2,260.00 $4,497.00 $3,986.00 600.00 2,285.00 5,000.00 144.00 900.00 1,500.00 105.00 $14,520 . 00 $10,023.00 . The Finance Comm ittee i s working very hard to meet the pro- Jec~e~ _expenses _of the ent ire FPFWC. We are in the process of soliciting donations for t he convention. Donors will have their names o. r the name of the 1· r o rga n1· za t i·o n or bus i·n ess pri·n ted in the souvenir program. Dear . The Filipino community of Sacramento is hosting the Nineth Annual 1979 Filipino People Far West Covention. The FPFWC will take place in the Sacramento Community Convention Center on August 31st, Sept. 1st, and 2nd. Enclosed is a brochure of the Far West Convention giving more detail and the perspective of the convention. The Far West Convention is the most important and unifying event on the West Coast for Filipinos communities because of the impact it makes on the progressive sector;(l) it enables us to give more focus on the problems facing all sectors of the Filipino community,(2) a direction is developed in dealing with these problems through thorough struggles in the workshops, as delegates develop resolutions to imp~ement in their respective communities, (3) it is the largest gathering of the most concerned and active Filipino community leaders who are striving for unity, collectivity, and action in their communities; and FPFWC gives strength to this movement by exposing the issues and concerns and gaining unity with delegates who have come because of mutual concern in our continual struggle against national and racial discrimination and for our concern about the conditions in the Philippines and US policies regarding the Philippines as they affect immigrants and FilipinoAmericans. As an editor, we feel you have the major responsibility of the level of coverage we would get on the convention. To the broader -community, the FPFWC may not seem too important, but to the Filipino community, the impact is much deeper and lasting. Any media coverage on the convention will have an impact; thus we know that the type of media coverage the FPFWC gets will impact its level of importance to the community. As concerned Filipinos we feel the media should take a more active role in providing proper and accurate coverage to this West Coast wide gathering, as poor coverage continues in building of stereotypes and backward ideas of our people and the broader American public. We appreciate what coverage we got for the Philippine National Day, but we would like more depth in the approach and in the contents. We know the media has a large responsibility in shaping the community's image of itself and for this reason we request, as editor , you take this as a serious concern when assigning coverage for the Convention. As a tool, the media can be of a great aid in the progressive movement of Filipinos, but can only be so if conscious accurate reporting is implemented and your role is vital in this movement. The progressive movement will not stop, but will sharpen its struggles until the quality of reporting and coverage meets our rising standards and needs. By standing Filipino People Far West Convention Page Two by the unities of the Convention, we make our Convention t~me and slogans alive and real. We seriously hope that you will take this into account as you cover this event and others in the future. As the third largest minority in the U.S., our visibility has been very low-key, but with the development of a progressive movement in our community, a low-key stance is no longer proper, thus our standards and demands must also rise in all aspects of our lives, socially and politically. You are a key factor with the link that you have in the community. We sincerely hope to continue in developing a good working relationship with you as our community grows. Don't let us down. Sincerely, Publicity Committee SUGGESTIONS FOR RADIO AND TELEVISION COPY Radio Public Service Announcements 1. Proper form: Name of organization Address and telephone number Name of person submitting copy Date copy is delivered Dates copy is to run (This information placed in either corner at top of page.) 2. Just one announcement to a page. (See directory for number of copies of each announcement preferred by individual stations.) 3. Copy should be timed to station preference. (See directory for preferred lengths.) 25 words=:10; 50 words=:20; 75 words=:30; 150 words=:60. 4. All copy should be written in third person. 5. Telephone exchanges, street names, titles, etc.; should be written in full. Abbreviations can be confusing. 6. Copy should arrive at station as far in advance of release date as possible. 7. Copy should be addressed to public service director or person originally contacted. Name of Agency Address Contact: : Your name Date :60 (sample form: RADIO SPOT (copy here) " -14- radio PSA) Starting date: Length of spot: Ending date: (Sample Release Form) Name of Agency Address Telephone Contact: Your Name Date FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE (release date) (start copy here) (If necessary to continue release to additional pages, indicate by the word "more" at the bottom of pre·ceding page, indicate conclusion of release by a series of#-#-#) (If story includes pictures, each picture should have a separate sheet with the agency heading at the top of pa~e. Number pictures for sequence if several are included. Do not use paper clips. Scotch tape just the edge of the sheet to the back of the picture and fold the copy over the picture face.) -8- WHAT IS THE FILIPINO PEOPLE'S FAR WEST CONVENTION? The 1979 Filipino People's Far West Convention marks the 9th annual gathering of concerned Filipinos from throughout the West Coast to discuss pressing issues faced by our community as a minority people in this country. An outgrowth of the progressive movements of the 60's against racism and inequality, the FWC has become an educational and organizing forum uniting the Filipino community on a common perspective and program of action for social and political change. This year's FWC, to be held for the first time in Sacramento, has chosen the theme, "Rise to the Call for Action" with the goals: • Organize the Unorganized • Break with Passivity • Build Solid and Strong Unity in the Community This ,s because the Filipino community has progressed beyond cultural identity to an awareness of our common concerns and an assertion of our basic ~emocratic rights. This is reflected in the FWC's points of unity, established since 1975 at the fBerkeley FWC: 1) Maintain an awareness of the national and racial discrimination Filipinos face in this country and uphold our democratic rights to equal employment, education, housing, health services, and all the basic rights enjoyed in this country. 2) Maintain our ties with the homeland through an active concrn about the existing conditions in the Philippines. PROGRAM Friday Friday will open the Convention with Sacramento supporters welcoming local and out-of-town delegates to a potluck and informal cultural presentation. This will provide an opportunity for delegates to meet each other while workshop facilitators and resource persons from throughout the West Coast meet for final preparations. Registration begins at 1:00 p .m. Saturday The 1979 Filipino People's Far West Convention will convene with an educational General Assembly at the Sacramento Convention Center to set the perspective and goals for the next two days. Prominent Filipinos involved in key struggles in the community will address the Assembly. A multimedia presentation by the Sacramento Filipino community will follow, chronicling the Filipino people's struggles and the forging of unity in this effort. The Convention workshops and plenary sessions will be the heart of the Convention where the many issues of the Filipino community will be discussed in more detail. The workshops will focus on key issues or special problems facing different sectors of the community. The workshops will be: 1-DAY SESSION: Saturday Employment Labor Senior Citizens Youth and Education Unity in the Community 2-DA Y SESSION: Saturday and Sunday Art and Culture Immigration Problems Philippines Today Sunday Affirmative Action Propositon 13 SATURDAY NIGHT CULTURAL PRESENTATION "Claring: A War Bride," an original musical drama with songs and dance portraying the experiences of a typical Filipino family in America during the post-World War II period. Written and directed by Ermena M. Vinluan, the drama will premiere at the FWC before its projected West Coast tour in the Fall. The production will be staged by Singing Bayan (People's Art), a community theatre group from the San Francisco-Bay Area . SUNDAY Workshops will come to a close after the morning sessions. Reports, resolutions and proposed plans of action will be presented from each workshop at the General Assembly. A dance that evening will cap the Convention d ~; delegates say their farewell until next year . REGISTRATION AND ACCOMODA TIONS All housing accomodations and registration will be at the Senator Hotel (12th & L) in Downtown Sacramento across from the Capitol Mall. Convention proceedings will be held at the Sacramento Convention Center two blocks away. Registration starts at 1 ·00 p.m. August 31. Convention materials, passes to all Convention events and seven meals will be provided as part of the basic registration packet of $25. Overnight accomodat1ons for Friday and Saturday night at the Hotel will be an additional $10. Discounts for Senior Citizens and children 14 years old and under are available. Childcare will be provided for free at the YWCA. Delegates arriving by plane have at their convenience the air taxi from the airport for a $2 fee. To assure accomodations and logistical preparations. pre-registration is due by August 1. Late registration fees received afterwards or made at the site will be charged an additional $5. THE PROGR ! FRIDAY .t<'riday will open thP Convention with Sacram nto community supporters w~lcoming local and out-of-town delegates-~to a potluck dinner and informal cultur~E presentation. This will ' provide an opportunity for delegates to meet each other while workshop facilitators and resource pP.rsons from throughout the West Coast meet final preparations. Registration will begin at 100 p.m. SAT RD Y The 1979 Filipino People's Far West Convention will convene with an educational General ssembly in the Yolo Room of the Sacaamento Convention Center. to and goals for the next two days. set the p Filipinos involved in key struggles of the pee ve community will address the ssembly. multimedia pr~sentation by the acra~ento Filipino , community will foilow, chronicling the ~ilipino / people's strugglP for justice and equality and th~ forging of unity »·~~in this effort. The Convention workshops and plenary sessions will be the heart of the Convention whPre thPmany issu0 s of the Filipino community will be discussed in more detail. The workshops will be on key issu~ ·- 'nd pr oblPms facing RED & YELLOW NATUR L HIGH LARRY JOHrSTO - CAPTAIN ERNEST MONTEZ - CAPTA IN lIKE O ' DE.LL BETTY LIM J OA r E O' DELL TRI IB.ETT GOMLETS 'TA TIA WATSON DENNIS WESTFALL ZOONIES TI FENKELL - CAPTAIN LIZ FENKELL DAN EBBERTS FIL VI LLONES GIGI APALIT CONNIE GOMEZ F.A.C.T. PHILLIP FONG LINDA HERNANDEZ ANTONIO LARA RON MOORE DEAN KITADANI LIZ DACONG CATHY HARTLEY EAST BAY SKYHAWKS MARLON GUANZON - CAPTAIN J AMES E:N"-RIQUES RICHARD MAKASHI LYRIE SAYSON CLARE ABROIL DESMOND NAVARES - CAPTAIN KEN DUMAGUING P IN10.{ BELTRAN COREY GIN CHRIS JAMERO BARBARA ALVERNAZ SHELLEY GONZALEZ JENNIFER JAMERO CAROL MERRITT ELEANOR RAMOS MOORE DON MOORE - CAPTAIN MANNY GARCIA GRET OTA ELLEN FRENCH SHARON ADAMOWICZ JANET FRASER MARILYN COX DON COX KEN CHURCH TIGERS LITCOLN LEE - CAPTAIN MAT WILLIAMS RANDY FONG CHRIS WONG MARY WILLIAMS JEYNIE LEE FRA .-IC I3E r-EVES DAVIDA DONG HUI OHANA RON SILVA - CAPTAIN RAY GOMEZ VIRGINIA KOU BOB PAGE RON SILVA PAULA MILLIGAN JUD ATWATER MAL REMBULAT CHERYL MAGDAEL HIGH TIMES ANDI MARTINEZ - CAPTAIN CHARLIE BRUMLEY JAMES MCLEOD MIKE PANGELINA JOHN OLEA ROSA RODRIQUEZ GRACE TURNER CAROLYN GREEN * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * On behalf of the Sacramento Y.W.C.A. and the Filipino Peoplis Far West Convention we would like to welcome and thank you for participating in our co-ed volleyball tourney. Proceeds from this tourney will go towards buying a new volleyball standard for the Y.W.C.A. and towards funding the Filipino People~ Far West Convention. This year marks the 9th annual convention and the first one to be sponsor by the Sacramento Filipino Community. It will be held on Labor Day Weekend, August 30th, September 1st & 2nd at the Sacramento Convention Center and at the Senator Hotel. It will be a gathering of Filipinos from all over t he West Coast to meet and share experiences and ideas. A c u ltural night a nd a da nce usually highlight t he convention besides the ma ny workshops and genera l assemblies. Registra t ion information will be available soon. For more information writ e or call: The Fil ipino Peopl es Far Wes t Convention P .O. Box 161964 Sacramento , Ca. 958 16 (916) 392 - 79 50 Aga i n, thanks for p a r ticipa t ing , Good Luck, and h ave a good time ~ July 20, 1979 FACT SHEET WHAT: 1979. FILIPINO PEOPLE'S FAR WEST CONVENTION WHERE: WHEN: WHO: SACRAMENTO COMMUNITY CONVENTION CENTER SENATOR HOTEL - Housing and registration ( 12th & L St. ) AUGUST 31, SEPT. 1 & 2, 1979 Sacramento Filipino community and concerned individuals FEE: REGISTRATION BEFORE AUGUST 1,1979 Commuter - $25.00 Overnight- 35.00 Seniors - 20.00 commuter 30.00 overnight Children - Commuter- 10.00 Overnight 15.00 Add $5.00 late registration fee a ·ter Aug 9 1st. RESTRICTIONS: Must be r_gistered to attend the convention. WHY: To provide a forum to discuss pressing issues faced by the Filipino community as a minority people in this country, through workshops and General Assemblies, torgilig unity in their common perspective for social and political change. FILIPI O GETTING DOWN TO BUSI ES AT THE 19 79 SACRAMENTO FILIPINO EOPLE'S FAR ~EST CONVENTION "RI~E TO THE CALL FOR ACT ION" "BUV!ANGON TAY NG LAHAT AT MAGKAISANG KUMILOS PARA SA IKA UUNLAD NG MGA FILIPINOS" is the theme of the 1979 Filipino People's Far West Convention, marking its 9th year of gathering concerned Fili inos from throughout the West Coast to discuss pressing issues affecting the Filipino communities. The FPFWC will be hosted by the Filipino community of Sacramento at the Sacramento Community Convention Center on August 31, September 1 & 2. On-site registration and housing will be accommodated at the Senator Hotel (12th & L St.), with registration beginning on Aug. 31st, 1 p.m. We urge everyone to register before August 1, as there is a penalty fee thereafter. Contact Maxie Villones 392-7950, Jerry Paular 446-5195 or 428-8657 for more information, OR write 1979 FPFWC F.O. Box 161964, Sacto.Ca. 95816. The heart of the Far West Convantion are the workshops and plenary sessions where the issues of the Filipino community are discussed in more detail: issues such as the problems of immigrants in licensure in the medical fields, discrimination in hiring practices, the rights of senior citizens, affirmative action and employment, and ~any more crucial issues. Delegates will also enjoy the cultural presentation 11Claring, a Warbride", an original musical drama with songs and dance portraying the experiences of a typical Filipino family in America during the post-World War II period, by SINING BAYAN (People's Art), a comm nity theatre group from the San Francisco Bay area. A dance Sunday night will cap the Convention as delegates say their farewells until next year. These plus all meals and the meeting of so many people with a comm n perspective,will provide an experien e nevvr to be forgotten. Filipino People Far West Convention Page Two by the unities of the Convention, we make our Convention theme and slogans alive and real. We seriously hope that you will take this into account as you cover this event and others in the future. As the third largest minority in the U.S., our visibility has been very low-key, but with the development of a progressive movement in our community, a low-key stance is no longer proper, thus our standards and demands must also rise in all aspects of our lives, socially and politically. You are a key factor with the link that you have in the community. We sincerely hope to continue in developing a good working relationship with you as our community grows. Don't let us down. Sincerely, Publicity Committee PHILIPPii~ES TODAY WORKSHOP SUftL\TION In respecting the democratic rights of convention participan~ who were not able to go through the same process of educational discussions in our workshop, the Philippines Today workshop has decided not to introduce any resolution for the convention body to vote upon. This is also in recognition of the fact that as distinct froia other workshops, the Philippines Today inevitably made judgments on the martial law.dictatorship. Thus, while we believe most of the convention participants hold anti-martial law sentiments, many of them may not be ready to vote on a resolution because of anxiety ovar the possibility of retaliation. We believe these anxieties should be respected for the go~d of the whole convention. The participants in our workshop reflected a diverse range of ages, interests, and expectations. Young American uorn or· ~ ~ raised Filipinos came to find out what is happening in their country of origin. Elders born and raised in the Philippines came to be updated. 'Representatives of anti-martial law groups, baseu both in the Filipino and broader American communities came to share their views and experiences in organizing opposition to the reg irae. rl.l though the Philippine Consulate formally informed us of their inability to participate, Mro I-Ielicio Jacaban, former publisher of Bataan News, represented the pro-martial law view uurin~ Sunday's discussions. The lively discussions were organized along the following forrnat g economic con<litions, present political situation, and alternatives to the present regime. The main limitation of the workshop was tle limited time we had which restricted what otherwise was a very spirited, and healthy exchange of views. · We realize that when you visit the Philippines, the existence of martial law may not be immediately evident. The first things you raay notice may be the impressive hotels, art centers and clean streets. But behind all this are some things that require a ·closer analysis. ~he minority opinion in the workshop asserts that along with the hotels, art centers, and clean streets there have been many positive things about martial law. They argued that martial law has promoted peace and order, encouraged economic progress and the development of commerce and natural resources, and instituted land reform. Page 2 (Phili~pines Today ••• ) However, an overwhelming majority of participants felt strongly that1 based on well-researched information, the following points represent the true economic and political conditions in the Philippines~ , ] • The ongoing armed resistance, both . in Mindanao and in the remainder of the country, defy the claims of the Marcos regime that there is peace. In fact, this resistance. is spreading and increasing members of people are supporting the New People1 s Armyo Horeover, the government itself perpetrates violence by "salvaging0 , or systematically murdering suspected opponents of the regime. 2. Economic conditions have become worse than ever under the martial law regime. The minority claims that the econ~'nic ills of the country are consistent with a worldwide pattern of inflation and economic instability1 but these ills do not come .. naturally. They are directly linked with the fact that the Philippine economy is controlled by foreign investors, predominantly UoS. corporations, whose profits are channelled back into the U.S. and do not stimulate Philippine business to the point of self-reliance. llarcos' policies have been generous to these corporations because they keep him in power. So however true it maybe that inflation (now up to 20% in the Philippines) is taking place even in America, it follows that whatever adversely affects tpe U.S. c9rpor~tions will also adversely affect the Philippines. 3. The land reform prograu of the martial law gove~nment is a fare~. It is a -program designed by wealthy landlords and means very little to peasants and small farmers who cannot even afford to buy the land that the government claims is available to them. On the other hand, those in power and huge foreign corporations who supoort I-1arcos are given all the land they want • . 4. Aside from contributing vastly to the economic failures of the Philippines, the regime continues to be a repressive one. It continues to violate the human rights of political dissenters, a~though it has tried to hide these repre-sive policies with the cloak of "normalizationu;. · -Furthermore, the people of the land have no participation~in making laws since, under the ]976 referendum which many peo~le acknowledge to have been the result 9f fraudulent public voting - Marcos can veto even the Batasang • Pa,mbansao With this kind of power, and the active support of the U.S. government, 1-larcos is very confid P.n:t: of remaining as dictator. The recent U.S. -RP bases agreement , which grants l'.iarcos $500 million in military aid , is an example of how much the U.S. is willing ta keep liarcos in power. . . Page 3 (PHilippines Today ••• ) ' Various alternatives were reviewed and discussed for their merits. One alternative is constitutional democracy. This is proposed by disenfranchised politicians who do not see the need to change the whole social and economic system but only see the need to replace Harcos and some of his policies. Another alter!""' •. native is social democracy, adopted by some former politicians, Jesuit priests and some students who see the need for reforms but are not willing to dismantle fully U.So and foreign control of the Philippine economy and the systan of landlordism. The other alternative is the national democratic program which is fast gaining popularity among workers, peasants, students and intellectuals, religious, professionals and even nationalistic E'ilipino capitalists. This alternative proposes to dismantle fully landlordism by distributing lands to the landless, free the Philippines from forei'gn economic domination by nationalizing foreign investments and holdings and protecting native cap·~tal and resources for the benefit of Filipinos. This alternative proposes to raise the living standards of the majority while promoting democratic freedoms of speech, religion, assembly and assord.at:.ion under a coali_tin.n. government of all patriotic forces who fought to overthrow the UoSo backed narcos dictatorship. ~his alternative sees that only national revolution can topple a well-armed dictatorship but that this revolution has to take place in a protracted process to ensure the participation of the majority of the peopleo The workshop particit>ants generally felt they would like to study and understand more about this alternative. The workshop was also encouraged to support the resistance movement fack home by particirating in or supporting the activities of groups like the Lnti-!·1artial Law Coalition. Furthermore, as a workshop, we adopted the following resolution. We, the membe.rs of the workshop on Philippine Conditions Today of this year's Filipino Peoples Far ~Jest Convention hereby resolve~ ] . We condemn the martial law dictatorship of I• arcos in the Philippines and call for an end to martial law in the Philippines. 2. We call for a restoration of civil liberties and human rights in the Philip~ines, including restoration of freedom of speech and the press. 3. lve call for the free<lom of all political prisoners in the Philippines. 4. We call for an end of U.S. military and economic aid to Harcos in the Philippines, and call for an end to economic exploitation of the Philippines by U.S. corporations. Page 4 (Philippi~es Todayo •. ) So Be it resolved, that we support united efforts to end martial law in the Philippines. This position was adopted by a vote of 34 yes, zero no and)] abstantionso On the whoie, the workshop members over~. whelmingly felt that the workshop discussions were informative, thought-provoking and fruitful in strengthening our bonds with the homeland and heigthening our patriotic concern over the plight and fate of the Philippines and the Filipino people. We came away from the workshop with a sense of overwhelming necessity to inform both the Filipino and the broader American communities of the true conditions of the Philippines today and of their responsibility to help see that the Philippines, be truly independent, free and prospe~ous. SUMMARY FROM LABOR WORKSHOP Sacramento '79 - FWC -Goal is to provide a basic framework for Filipinos in taking up issues in the labor sector. -To maintain continuity of experiences and lessons from year to year in the Far Western Conference. -Questions raised to facilitate discussion: 1. how do you organize Filipinos into unions 2. how do you deal with the difficulty of immigrant workers being intimidated 3. how do you struggle to get the unions to actually represent Filipinos and struggle against discrimination in the unions 4. where do Filipinos stand in relation to the U.S. working class 5. what will the impact on Pilipinos be of attacks in labor I. Presentations from facilitators A. farmworkers movement -fannworkers not just Filipinos; it's the whole working class' m t. "Immigrants' labor buil is country." - ro lems in current UFW leadership 1. doesn't recognize the contribution of others prior to 1962--from Filipinos, Chinese .2. problems on red-baiting which created artificial divisions 3. defined one way of what is a union -a way to organize people collectively to fight for wages, better conditions, and rights -a way to struggle against the contradiction between profits and wages -e.g., ised workers' wages from $1.33 in 1965 to over .00 n -brought/problems in e u.s. labor leadership out . 1. $500 billion in the u·. s ; · unions' pension funds 2. not being used to benefit workers, but rather to invest to build more profits for big business 3. workers should work through their unions to change this, ~ use these monies for their interests B.~ 1. ~its .funct· . -helps wQr rs to· self-organize --informs wo~kers of :their rights -media£es in unfair labor practices and takes the eases to cOlJ.rt • · ·. 2. current attempts to -dilute ALRB ( --to 'make it easier for unions to dee -regarding union security clauses_ __. _;.__.-• C. seafood industry organizing · 1. workers dealing with huge multi-national corporations, U.S. and J-apan 2. work£or~ veJ;y di.~:a:asif:i.on ... about half immigrants 3. immigrants: problems with -lack of understanding of basic rights -about basis for their oppression and discrimination -fear of black1isting from company and union 4. fighting back · ~· -younger workers rebelled against working conditions, discrimination; filed lawsuit against company -got fired and blacklisted by union -tried to form independent organization outside union; but this group didn't have the clout the union has -sued the union (ILWU) to get reinstated; they won and struggled to change union by forming a rank-and-file committee. I ART AND CULTURE WORKSHOP SUMMATION The Workshop opened with a review of last year's Art and Culture workshop resolution, and a brief statement of the relationship of our workshop to the overall Convention goals. Nancy Rocamora and Christine Araneta gave a presentation on contemporary Philippine arto Nancy dealt with the progressive tradition of Philippine arto She pointed out that, while this is not a dominant trend, this can be understood in the context of the Filipino people's colonial education and culture. Christine discussed the uses of culture under the New Society. Culture, she explained, has been an ideal tool in the Marcos government's effort to create a form of pseudo-nationalism, which fosters values conducive to authoritarian rule and militarism. She concluded by reporting on the commercialization of Philippine culture for the sake of the tourist trade. The discussion that followed centered on the various layers of influence upon Philippine culture and their interaction with prehispanic indigenous cultureo Al Concepcion then presented a film produced by the Natl. Media Production Center of the Philippines, entitled "I<asaysayan ng Lahi". This film records a pageant and parade held upon the occasion of the Miss Universe contest in 1974, which attempted to depict the full sweep of Philippine history. The discussion following the film dealt with the question of authenticity, as a record of Philippine history and culture. While workshop participants agreed that portions of the film were authentic, particularly those dealing with pre-hispanic times, numerous ques·tions were raised with regard to its depiction of history from the 1898 Philippine Revolution ono The discussion concluded on an urgent note that if this film represents what is available for the Filipino community in the U.S. as a documentation of Philippine history, that we in the workshop face a tremendous challenge to produce valid and authentic records of Philippine culture and history. Pointing once more to our goals of creating art which is progressive and community-based, the workshop then turned to a presentation of the play "Vision of a Warbride". A slide show documenting the research that went into the play was followed by Raymond Camacho's discussion of the use of people's experiences as raw materials for cultural presentations. Sunday's discussion opened with a statement with the need for constant interaction between community artists and audience in propagating the concept of people's theater. With that note, Ermena Vinluan, director of the Warbrides play, chaired a critique session of the production. Participants generally affirm- I ed the accuracy and effectiveness of the play's content. A number of constructive criticisms were raised with regard to various aspects of the production, like acting, dance, costumes and make-up, tech and musico These criticisms were noted by the company and . ~ .. '., . Art and Culture Summation Page Two will be incorporated in further performances in order to raise the standards and quality of the play. The workshop ended with a reiteration for continuity of this workshop goals to next year's workshop, in order to better survey the growth of cultural work within our communities. I I Culture reflects a people's experiences and values and art is the tool of cultural expression. Furthermore, we of the art and culture workshop of the Filipino Peoples Far West Convention of 1979 recognize that art should be used consciously to serve the progressive aspirations of the Filipino Communities and all peoples oppressed to conciously forge a cultural movement based around these established principals and functions of art as initially developed by the 1978 Art and Culture Workshop. The Principals and Functions are: A. Art is a vehicle for education and it should be used to: 1. Combat Systamatic miseducation 2. Teach progressive ideas 3. Represent our true historical experience B. Art preserves our ethnic heritage by: 1. Instilling personal pride and dignity 2. Reinforcing a positive understanding of who we are as individuals and as a people. C • .Art is an entertaining vehicle that inspires our people to: 1. Unite 2. Actively participate in determining our personal and collective destinies. r. Therefore, be it resolved that the delegates of the Art and Culture workshop of the 1979 Filipino People's Far West Convention implement the following resolutions: A. To return to our communities and develop local cultural groups and develop a portfolio which documents their materials and plans. B. To launch an Art and Culture Task Force to implement the following: 1. To update the directory in order to facilitate a community network of community artists interested in sharing contacts and resources who unite with the principals as indicated above. 2. To plan for an Art Exhipit that unites with the above principles to be shown at the 1980 PPFWCo 3. To provide for next years art and culture workshop with a historical understanding of previous art and culture workshops in order to link next years work with what was accomplished this year and in the past. The Task Force will comprise of the following delegates: - - Herb Tuyay, San Diego Becki Saliwan, San Diego Frances Araneta, Berekeley Hy Gorre, Sacramento Tim Fenkell, Sacramento Ermena Vinluan, Oakland Raymond Camacho, Oakland Cindy Yeo, Los Angeles Silme Domingo, Seattle Stan Galvez, San Frncisco PROPOSAL FOR THE FORMATION OF AN IMMIGRANT RIGHTS ORGANIZATION Far West Convention -- 1979 Sacramento, Ca. I. Given the historic relationship of immigrants to U.S. labor needs, we can expect that with the worsening econmic si tua.tion, immigrants will once again find thernsel ves scap0goated for the ills of the economy. As was clearly portrayed in the Immigrant Rights Workshop of the 1979 Far West Convention, this tendency is already reality for many third wave Filipinos and a threat to all immigrants. The recent wave of the harassment of third preference immigrants, and elderly receiving SSI ·benefits, and threats of deportation of H-1 nurses are only a few . examples that attest to the vulnerability of this sector of the Filipino community. II. In the face of this~ the Filipino community should not remain complacent. We have to be aware that the level of response needed to decisively challenge the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) in its arbitrary application of innnigrant laws, requires the involve- ·ment of Filipinos nation-wide. Only through a united community can we re$pond with systematic, well-planned and coordinated actions in defense of the democratic rights of this unstable sector. Therefore, in the spirit of the 1979 FWC theme to "RISE TO THE CALL FOR ACTION", we of the Immigrant Rights Workshop propose the formation of a Task Force to begin laying the foundations for a national organization f0r the defense of immigrant rights of Filipinos. The main focus of the organization would be to target those INS policies that have been assessed to be the most harmful and far-reaching in its impact on the Filipino community. Secondarily, the policies of the government and other U.S.-related agencies will be ta~geted. Also, we will link-up with other minority groups working around immigrant rights. III. Initially, the Task Force would act to facilitate centralized communication for a national network of local groups doing immigrant rights work. The Task Force would be made up of representatives from local areas. It would aapoint a national staff to carry out the day-to-day work and a council of representatives from local areas to guide the work of the national staff. The national staff should consist of three or four individuals working from a site designated as the national center. The key function of the natioal staff would be to research INS policy and follow-up with local areas so that some ki nd of accurate synthesis of national trends might be derived. In this way the national staff should be able to provide some continuity and guidance to the work around immigrant rights nationally. This should include putting out a newsletter that summarizes and shares the lessons of the local work, and dissemination of educational materials , to assist the local areas. Periodic meetings of the whole Task Force (staff & council included) would be called to sum up the local work, and national work, discuss strategies, share information and make plans for joint national campaigns. These periodic meetings would serve to better guide the work of the national staff. IV. After an appropriate length of time (possibly a year) the Task Force should call for a national conference of the various local groups in the immigrants rights network to assess the year's work and formalize a national organization based on a thorough summation of the current trends and the lessons learned from the local areas. V. The follow-up for the initial . meetings of the Task Force should be delegated to the FWC steering committee and the Immigrant Rights Workshop facilitators. It would be their responsibility to disseminate information regarding the formation of the Task Force and call for the first organizing meeting. At this meeting such particularities as building the national network, the functions of the ! national staff, council, funding possibilities, etc. would be given closer attention. ,I ,I PHILIPPIA:lES TODAY tiORYSHOP SU1ll'.L'\TIOU In respecting the deinocratic rights of convention participants who were not able to go through the same process of educational discussions in our workshop, the Philippines Today workshop has decided not to introduce any resolution for the convention body to vote upon. This is also in recognition of the fact that as distinct from other workshops, the Philippines Today inevitably made judgments on the martial law.dictatorship. Thus, while we believe most of the convention participants hold anti-martial law sentiments, many of them may not be ready to vote on a resolution because of anxiety over the possibility of retaliation. He believe these anxieties should be respected for the good of the whole convention. The participants in our workshop reflected a diverse range of ages, interests, and expectations. Young American l.>orn or· ~~ raised Filipinos came to find out what is happening in their country of origin. Elders born and raised in the Philippines came to be updated. Representatives of anti-martial law groups, basetl both in tha Filipino and broader American communities came to share their views and experiences in organizing opposition to the regime. Although the Philippine Consulate formally informed us of their inability to participate, •lr. aelicio Jacaban, former publisher of Bataan News, represented the pro-martial law view during Sunday's discussions. The lively discussions were organized along the following format~ economic conditions, present political situation, and alternatives to the present regime. The main limitation of the workshop was the limited time we had which restricted what otherwise was a very spir_ited, and healthy exchange of views. We realize that when you visit the Philippines, the existence of martial law may not be immediately evident. The first things you may notice may be the impressive hotels, art centers and clean streets. But behind all this are some things that require ~ closer analysis. 'l!he 1ainority opinion in the workshop asserts that along with the hotels, art centers, and clean streets there have been many positive things about martial law. They argued that martial law has promoted peace and order, encoura9ed oconomic rogress and the development of commerco and natural resources, and instituted land reform. Page 2 (Philippi~es Today ••• ) However, an overwhelming majority of participants felt strongly that, based on well-researched information, the following points represent the true economic and political conditions in the Philippines : ]. The ongoing armed resistance, both in Hindanao and in the remainder of the country, defy the claims of the r-1arcos regime that there is peace. In fact, this resistance is spreading and increasing members of people are supporting the New People 9 s Array .. Iloreover, the government itself perpetrates violence by "salvaging", or systematically murdering suspected opponents of the regime. 2. Economic conditions have become worse than ever under the martial law regime. The. minority claims that the econo:nic iils of the -o~ntry are consistent with a worldwide pattern of inflation an<l economic instability1 but these ills do not come .. naturally. They are directly linked with the fact that the Philippine economy is controlled by foreign investors, predominantly U .. S. corporations, whose profits are channelled back into the U0 S. and do not stimulate Philippine business to the point of self~reliance. I1arcos' policies have been generous to these cor~orations because they keep him in power. So however true it maybe that inflation (now up to 20% in the Philippines) is taking place even in America, it follows that whatever adversely affects the U.S. corporations will also adversely affect the Philippines. 3. The land reform prograu of the martial law gove~runent is a farce. It is a program designed by wealthy landlords and means very little to peasants and small farmers who cannot even afford to buy the land that the government claims is available to them .. On the other hand, those in power and huge foreign corporations who supoort .1arcos are given all the land they want. 4. Aside from contributing vastly to the economic failures of the Philippines, the regime continues to be a repressive one. It continues to violate the human rights of volitical dissenters, although it has tried to hide these repre-sive policies with the cloak of "normalization°;. Furthermore, the people of the land have no participation~in making laws since, under the )976 referendum which many peol,Jle acknowledge to have been the res lt 9f fraudulent public voting - f-iai:cos can veto even the Batasang Pambansao With this kintl of power, and the active support of the U.S. government, Harcos is very confid.Ant of remaining as dictator. The recent U.S.-RP bases agreement , which grants ?!areas $500 million in military aid, is an example of how much the U.S. is willing to keep Ilarcos in power .. Page 3 {PHilippines Today •.• ) Various alternatives were reviewed an<l discussed for their merits. One alternative is constitutional democracy. This is proposed by disenfranchised politicians who do not see the need to change the whole social and economic system but only see the need to repla~e Marcos and some of his policies. Another alter~·· native is social democracy, adopted by some former politicians, Jesuit priests and some students who see the need for reforms but are not willing to dismantle fully UoS. and foreign control of the Philippine economy and the systen of landlordisM. The other alternative is the national democratic program which is fast gaining popularity among workers, peasants, students and intellectunls, religious, professionals and even nationalistic Pilipino capitalists. This alternative proposes to dismantle fully landlordism by distributing lands to the landless, free the Philippines from foreign economic domination by nationalizing foreign investments and holdings and protecting native capital and resources for the benefit of Filipinos. This alternative proposes to raise the living standards of the majority while promoting democratic freedoms of speech, religion, asse.rnbly and ass0~j_ation under a coali.ti.nn government of all patriotic forces who fought to overthrow the U. So backed r-1arcos dictatorship. This alternative Bees that only national revolution can topple a well-armed dictatorship but that this revolution has to take place in a protracted process to ensure the participation of the majority of the people. The workshop partici~ants generally felt they would like to study and understand more about this alternative. The workshop was also encouraged to support the resistance movement Jack home by partic~~ating in or supporting the activities of groups like the 1'.Jlti-!iartial Law Coalition. Furthermore, as a workshop, we adopted the following resolution. We, the members of the workshop on Philippine Conditions Today of this year's Filipino Peoples Far Hest Convention hereby resolve~ ]. We condemn the martial law dictatorship of Harcos in the Philippines and call for an end to martial law in the Philippines. 2. He call for a restoration of civil liberties and human rights in the Philip~ines, including restoration of freedom of speech and the press. 3. · tJe call for the freeuom of all political prisoners in the Philippines. 4. We call for an end of U.S. military and economic ai<l to I-larcos in the Philippines, and call for an end to economic exploitation of the Philippines by U.S. corporations. • Page 4 (Philippines Today ••• ) 5. Be it resolved, that we support united efforts to end martial law in the Philippines. This position was adopted by a vote of 34 yes, zero no and]] abstantions. On the whoae, the workshop members over~. whelmingly felt that the workshop discussions were informative, thought-provoking and fruitful in strengthening our bonds with the homeland and heigthening our patriotic concern over the plight and fate of the Philippines and the Filipino people. We came away from the workshop with a sense of overwhelming necessity to inform both the Filipino and the broader American communities of the true conditions of the Philippines today and of their responsibility to.help see that the Philippines, be truly independent, free and prosperous. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1978 Convention- Minutes, Event Programs, Committee Rules, Correspondences (Fenkell Papers, Box 1, Folder 21) Subject The topic of the resource Far West Convention University of California, Los Angeles Union of Democratic Filipinos Filipino Americans -- Political activity -- Politics and government -- 20th century Samahang Pilipino Asian American Studies Description An account of the resource Promotional, planning , and fundraising material for the 1978 Far West Convention. Includes Filipino Sacramentan fundraising efforts with "Vision of a War Bride" presentation. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Far West Convention Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1978 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/CNE/1.0/?language=en">NON-COMMERCIAL USE PERMITTED </a>For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at <a href="mailto:ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu">ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu</a>. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG, PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa012_s002_0001-0099; ucdw_wa012_s002_f021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Filipino American National Historical Society, Sacramento-Delta Oral History collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context wa021 Subject The topic of the resource Sacramento Veterans Description An account of the resource Complication of oral history interviews conducted by FANHS Sacramento-Delta members. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. View/Download File(s) Link to download files Internet Archive Link: <a href="https://archive.org/details/wa021_0007">https://archive.org/details/wa021_0007</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oral History Interview with Jose Rivera Subject The topic of the resource Filipino American Veterans Sacramento American Legion Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oral History Interview with Jose Rivera, conducted by Frances Tibon Estoista of the Filipino American National Historical Society, Sacramento-Delta Chapter. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work may be protected by the U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.). In addition, its reproduction may be restricted by terms of gift or purchase agreements, donor restrictions, privacy and publicity rights, licensing and trademarks. This work is accessible for purposes of education and research. Transmission or reproduction of works protected by copyright beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owner. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For information on usage, please contact Bulosan Center Archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context wa021_0007 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Filipino American National Historical Society, Sacramento-Delta Oral History collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context wa021 Subject The topic of the resource Sacramento Veterans Description An account of the resource Complication of oral history interviews conducted by FANHS Sacramento-Delta members. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. View/Download File(s) Link to download files Internet Archive Link: <a href="https://archive.org/details/wa021_0009">https://archive.org/details/wa021_0009</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oral History Interview with Ben Poquiz Subject The topic of the resource Filipino, Filipino American, Veterans, Sacramento, American Legion Description An account of the resource Oral History Interview with Ben Poquiz, conducted by Frances Tibon Estoista of the Filipino American National Historical Society, Sacramento-Delta Chapter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work may be protected by the U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.). In addition, its reproduction may be restricted by terms of gift or purchase agreements, donor restrictions, privacy and publicity rights, licensing and trademarks. This work is accessible for purposes of education and research. Transmission or reproduction of works protected by copyright beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owner. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For information on usage, please contact Bulosan Center Archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context wa021_0009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Filipino American National Historical Society, Sacramento-Delta Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Filipino American National Historical Society, Sacramento-Delta Oral History collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context wa021 Subject The topic of the resource Sacramento Veterans Description An account of the resource Complication of oral history interviews conducted by FANHS Sacramento-Delta members. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. View/Download File(s) Link to download files Internet Archive link: <a href="https://archive.org/details/wa0021_0006">https://archive.org/details/wa0021_0006</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oral History Interview with Pat Engkabo Subject The topic of the resource Filipino American Sacramento Description An account of the resource Oral History Interview with Pastor "Pat" Engkabo, conducted in collaboration with Filipino American National Historical Society, Sacramento-Delta Chapter and the Department of Ethnic Studies at California State University, Sacramento. Interview team consisted of Thea de Borja, Ricardo Lepe, Fuey Saefong, and Virginia Solis. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Filipino American National Historical Society, Sacramento-Delta Chapter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work may be protected by the U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.). In addition, its reproduction may be restricted by terms of gift or purchase agreements, donor restrictions, privacy and publicity rights, licensing and trademarks. This work is accessible for purposes of education and research. Transmission or reproduction of works protected by copyright beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owner. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For information on usage, please contact Bulosan Center Archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context wa0021_0006 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Filipino American Experiences Oral History Project Description An account of the resource The Filipino American Experiences Oral History Project contains oral history interviews from Filipino Americans and individuals who worked closely with Filipino American activists. A large portion of the interview reflects on Filipino inclusion in the United Farm workers the United Farm Workers and the Filipino American farmworker activism. Additional information in the interviews focuses on various historic sites of memory for Filipinos in California, such as the International Hotel in San Francisco and Agbayani Village in Delano. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Allan Jason Sarmiento Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Daniel Nero Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Nickie Tuthill-Delute View/Download File(s) Link to download files Internet Archive Audio Link: <a href="https://archive.org/details/ucdw_wa006_s002_s0004">https://archive.org/details/ucdw_wa006_s002_s0004</a> Transcript: <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1S7Wtojocw99munGuUL2N0-18Wkfjp4_9/view?usp=sharing">https://drive.google.com/file/d/1S7Wtojocw99munGuUL2N0-18Wkfjp4_9/view?usp=sharing</a> Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound. Filipino American Oral History Project Oral History Interview With Nickie Tuthill-Delute September 15, 2020 Virtual, Google Voice Interview By Daniel Nero Welga Archives, Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies UC Davis Asian American Studies Department [00:00] NERO: All right, let's begin the interview. It is Tuesday, September 15th and this is Daniel Nero conducting an interview for the Bulosan Center of Filipino Studies to record the history of the Filipino American community and we are conducting this interview via Google Voice. Let's begin. Could you please state your name for the recording? TUTHILL-DELUTE: Ah, yes. Nickie Tuthill-Delute NERO: Then, could you spell your last name, please? TUTHILL-DELUTE: Sure, T, as in Tom, U-T-H-I-L-L, hyphen D as in dog, E-L-U-T as in Tom, E. NERO: When and where were you born? TUTHILL-DELUTE: I was born in Delano, CA in 1953. NERO: And then which part of California is Delano? TUTHILL-DELUTE: It's the Central Valley. It's about 30 miles north of Bakersfield. NERO: Let's see. Tell me about your mother and your father, when and where they were born? TUTHILL-DELUTE: They're actually born or they're from Hinunangan, Southern Philippines. Southern Leyte, Philippines. NERO: And then, when were they born? TUTHILL-DELUTE: Oh, Dad was born in March of 1902 and Mom was on May of 1918. NERO: Any siblings? TUTHILL-DELUTE: Me? NERO: Yes. TUTHILL-DELUTE: OK yes, so including myself there are seven of us. One had passed at birth pretty much and we have a sixth one that we discovered about 21 years ago in Philippines. So there's six of us living. NERO: And when you said that there's a sixth one that you found, what does that mean? TUTHILL-DELUTE: It means that we didn't know that we had a half—sister until right about the day that my mom had her stroke and we discovered by hook and crook on [Transcriber’s Note: English language idiom]. We discovered accidentally that we had a half—sister from our Aunt, she just happened to mention it and that's how we discovered it. I've reached out to her and we've connected. NERO: And so this is in the Philippines, you said. TUTHILL-DELUTE: Yes, she is actually in. Yeah, she is actually living in him Hinunangan, Southern Leyte, Philippines. NERO: So let's talk about your family's immigration history, how long has your family been in Delano or the United States? TUTHILL-DELUTE: OK, so it's a two parter. My dad was, as I mentioned, he was born in 1902 and he immigrated in 1926 and he came to look for work and historically now I find out that he's a manong [Transcriber’s note: Manong is the Ilocano word for Older Brother]. Part of that immigration group that came in in the early or in the 20s. So, Dad immigrated here and he had a cousin who immigrated in 1905 and was a cannery worker in Seattle at about 1918. And my dad’s brother, our Uncle, immigrated 1926 and so my dad had that. I am aware of because I had to go through genealogy to find all this that he had two relatives here in the United States by the time he arrived in 1928. And from what I had seen in the records, his destination, once he arrived, he arrived in Seattle, Washington. His destination went to San Francisco, which I thought, “wow, that's really interesting. How did he know where to go?” When I'm figuring that it's probably because of his cousin who was, I believe, living in San Francisco at the time. And then my mom came in 1952, it was because she married my dad in the Philippines on 1952. Dad arrived off course many years before and he was working with the Navy as a civilian, and had a break from what I understand on the records. Married my mom and he went back to the [United] States to work and she followed him several months later and came. She actually flew on a plane, which I never knew that. She flew in Acclaim Pacific—I mean Philippine Airlines and came to San Francisco. And at the time they were living— Dad was living in San Francisco while he was working and I am assuming that they were planning on living here [San Francisco]. But then, Mom was complaining that it was too cold in San Francisco. Since you’re [Transcriber’s Note: Referring to Daniel Nero] from Nevada, in in the summer in San Francisco, it's pretty cold. It's not very hot, and so she arrived here and my dad would come home from work and he would say— he told us this is the story— he told us “Gee, your mom is like a cat hanging by the heater.” And it's like “what's wrong”? She's like, “oh she's too cold” so anyway, my uncle was already migrating throughout California and he knew about Delano. He was there for work picking grapes and mentioned to my dad that there were a lot of Filipinos living there and that the weather was much better and maybe that it would be a great place for them to come to move and establish a home there. And then, next year I was born [laughs]. I was the first of the eldest, clearly. So, that's how my parents immigrated to the US. NERO: So, just to backtrack a little bit, so your dad moved because of job opportunities? TUTHILL-DELUTE: Yeah, he was looking for a better life. He mentioned that he was working as a teacher in the Philippines and he —I'm just guessing because, my dad didn't really tell us a whole lot because I just know from personal records/ through genealogy— that his cousin was here already and my uncle or his brother was here, and so I'm sure that they probably spoke to each other and probably encouraged him to come to the States. And historically, to the United States was in possession of those things. Is that right? I'm trying to remember my history, but anyway, I know that my dad always kidded— yeah, well, he and all the other all his friends would always say “hey, you know, there's probably gold on the streets. We should look for it.” But yeah, in reality they knew that was not true, but that was a goal that I'm sure they probably had when they were a lot younger. NERO: So, you mentioned that your mom actually flew on a plane — Philippine Airlines — Did your dad do the same? Or how did he get to America? TUTHILL-DELUTE: Right? Oh, he went by ship, from what I gather since he arrived here in 1928 to 1952 and during the 1940s and [19]50s he was working with in the Navy as a civilian, and he traveled and because of work assignment he was always on the ship. I never found any immigration papers or census papers of him taking an airplane. Back and forth during that time. NERO: So, it was through like the military, that he was able to immigrate to the United States. TUTHILL-DELUTE: Correct. NERO: Let's see. So, you said that your parents, with at least in your immediate family, would be the first ones in America. Correct? Were any of your parents or relatives, were any of them farm workers? TUTHILL-DELUTE: In the Philippines or in the United States? NERO: In the United States. TUTHILL-DELUTE: No, no, they I mean they were. Well, I shouldn't say that my uncle was a farm worker. Farm labor worker? My dad’s cousin was actually a cook. Subsequently though, the story is that my dad and a lot of his friends from Hinunangan eventually came to the United States. They created a benevolent society. They call themselves the Hinunangan Circle of America. And they created the organization so that they could help and support each other. TUTHILL-DELUTE: Because at the time, I thought I found out that they weren't able to own property, run a business, have a bank account, so I know that because the organization does still exist. It's a little different now. It's a little more of a social organization, than it was a striving to help each other through times of trouble, but they would help each other whenever somebody looked down on their luck and…so where was I going with this anyway? So a lot of them who came here if they weren't working in in the fields, and a majority of them were working in late [sp?] agricultural labor — agricultural farms some would even go up to the fish canneries either in Alaska or in Seattle, and a few of them were on from what I can tell I had blue collar jobs like cooks or I had one of my dad's friends with a printer here in San Francisco and somebody with a gardener in LA. But they were just a few, a majority of them were farm labor workers. NERO: For those who are farm labor workers or just, I guess like farm worker adjacent. What were their living conditions like? If you know or if you have ever heard any stories from your relatives. TUTHILL-DELUTE: Well, I was born in 1952 and I grew up in Delano. Delano has labor camps during those times, and I know that a lot of the Filipinos single men lived in those labor camps because we would go and visit them. My mom would sell her pastries, her Binangkal or budbud or Bibinka to the Filipino men that were there, and I do know that. I mean, I didn't see them, but I have heard that there were other labor camps throughout the West Coast from Washington, Oregon, California. And their conditions, you know when you're a kid, you’re just kind of like “well, OK, this this is how they live” but they lived in like barracks [with] a single room — 8 by 12, maybe? I'm not really sure. It had a single bed, a closet. A small little closet, one window and that was that was pretty much it. And I remember when we were kids, when we would go visit and see our Manongs or our uncles, we would say “hey, can we see your room” and they would always say “no, no no, you don't want to see our room” and my uncle—I think was my uncle— finally said “OK, OK you can come see, come look in and see, but you can't stay for very long” and it was kind of like “oh wow this is great” and we go in. And it's like, “Oh my God, it's so small.” Then he had like a calendar hanging on the wall and it had a girly picture up and you know we’re kids, we’re like going “Ohhhh OK”. And he said “OK, OK now you got— now you have to leave” [laughs]. And, we're like “okay” and we’re like five, seven, ten—years old. And anyway, so they had several rooms like that, like in a barracks style. We would go there and go “we've got to use the bathroom and we go to the bathroom” and it's like this this long—Oh, I don't know—it's like a plank up against the wall with a hole in it and you go “oh can go use the bathroom” and you look down and it's like “oh it’s like dirt!” then you're like “Wow, OK. That should be interesting.” And then we would go visit the cook because my mom and dad would always offer them vegetables for their meals for the cook. It was like a large type of cafeteria in a wooden building and sometimes the cook would—if they had any food—they would feed us kids and that was that was really nice. It wasn't the greatest, but they had a place to live, had a bathroom and shower and food and so from what I understand now that those were the standard living conditions that that they lived in. [16:03] NERO: And I know that you said that that you were a child during like, when you visited these labor camps. Could you speak on any like discrimination that they faced? TUTHILL-DELUTE: Now, off hand, I never really saw it. I grew up in a very isolated type of life. So I mean, if there were, it wasn't really obvious to me, and then the labor camps by the time the Delano grape strike occurred in 1965. It was a lot of the labor camps were deemed illegal and were torn down and so by the time I figured out what was discrimination, then that was already gone. But the fact that they were already told that they were kicked out of their living—their home, which what it's called, their home—that’s discrimination there. But I know that my dad really hardly ever spoke about the bad things, so I was pretty clueless. Now of course I have other siblings so they might have different experiences, but that was—I'll be honest—I never really felt it or heard anything. Maybe I have, maybe… NERO: Have you ever asked? TUTHILL-DELUTE: No, not at the time. Like if I didn't know any difference at all and of course, as I've gotten older, my dad, even though he lived to be 88, I was like in my 40s and all his friends had all passed away even sooner than him. So you know the opportunity to ask was not there. That I just I missed that opportunity to know a little bit of their history. NERO” OK, so you've brought up many things about like the Grape Strike we'll get to that in this second section of questions. I have to kind of shift a little bit and focus on you growing up in Delano. So, growing up, were you mainly around family, friends or relatives? TUTHILL-DELUTE: Mostly family and friends. NERO: Why do you think that is? TUTHILL-DELUTE: Small town [laughs]. NERO: That makes sense TUTHILL-DELUTE: Small town and I honestly grew up thinking that I had no relatives except for my dad, brother, my uncle and we had and another manong which was—[laughs] I find out now wasn't that much older than my dad, but we used to call him lolo [Transcriber’s note: Tagalog word for Grandfather]. NERO: [Laughs] TUTHILL-DELUTE: Oh, OK. Oh, “why is he our Lolo?” and because you know, we always figured that our grandparents were in the Philippines and I found out later that he was married to my dad’s—his first cousins—and so, I think he migrated to the United States, but around the same time. Anyway, because he was so close to my dad’s first cousin, we called him Lolo, and he was our designated babysitter. But I don't know if you want to talk about that yet, but anyway so I grew up thinking that I had no relatives and I find out years later that I have a lot of relatives in the United States and in the Philippines but I really didn't grow up with them because at that time, they weren’t quite around. There were a few, but not a lot, and so it's just mostly family. My immediate family that I grew up with and all my friends in the town of Delano. [20:31] NERO: In a sense, the people that you're surrounded by are practically your family now too, like everyone’s your Tita [Transcriber’s Note: Tagalog word for Aunt], everyone’s your Tito [Transcriber’s Note: Tagalog word for Uncle]. TUTHILL-DELUTE: Oh, yeah. NERO: Speaking of, let's talk about the Filipino community. Were all the Filipinos close with one another? TUTHILL-DELUTE: Oh God, yeah. It's like everybody knew you knew each other. So I mean, it's small, I grew up In in a town, it was only at that time about what 10,000 people or something, and we had a Filipino community hall and we used to go to all social events, Christmas parties, Easter Egg hunt parties, birthday parties. You know everything that you can imagine. My brother in the in the 60s was a king of hearts [laughs]. NERO: What is that? TUTHILL-DELUTE: It was Saint Valentine’s Day. NERO: Oh I love it. TUTHILL-DELUTE: I don't know if they do that anymore, but it was a social box and they crowned the king and queen. You know, little kids for Saint Valentine's Day and my brother was, amazingly, amazingly enough [laughs] was the King of Hearts. So anyway, so we’re a very close—knit community. We all knew each other. We all went to school together. I mean, there were the farmers and the business owners and we always figured to label our town because of the railroad line that that was right down the middle of town. So we had the east side of Delano, where all the white people lived, and then the West side of Delano, where all the minorities who have all the Filipinos, Mexicans, African Americans all lived on that side of town. So we had one elementary school and we all went to that same elementary school. So it was a combination of K through 8 [th grade], so we all knew each other from kindergarten from five years old to 8th grade to 14. So we all kind of knew each other. We all knew all the families and we only had one high school. So then we all integrated with the Caucasian students from the east side of school in our town. So that yeah, the close knit community. NERO: Let's focus on the Filipino community first and we'll talk about the heterogeneous mix of the groups. Were there any tension between the Filipino ethnic group? TUTHILL-DELUTE: No, not that I grew up with…No, I was thinking about that question and I thought, “well, you know, maybe later down the road,” but when I was growing up, no, and not at all who we all got along pretty well. NERO: OK, what about between like Filipinos and Mexicans, Filipinos and white folks, like any tensions between like interracial tensions. TUTHILL-DELUTE: When I was growing up in the 50s and 60s, I didn't really see too much of that, then again, the problem I have is that I was pretty sheltered on being the oldest girl and I was not able to see any of that, at least I think that's what my parents did. You know, protected me, but I mean, I know that there were some tension. You know in the 60s, but it was mostly the… NERO: Civil rights movement? TUTHILL-DELUTE: Yes, thank you, that! The civil rights movement and I was more into the Identifying [with] the feminist movement. I'm not sure they called it the feminist movement yet that came in the 70s, but you know, I was remembered as a kid, I was kind of like “I don't want to be like these women, don't want to be like little girly girls and all like those stuff” but anyway. So in regards to Mexicans and Filipinos, I don't know, we all seemed to have gotten along. I just personally mean, I'm trying really hard to think about that, I mean it didn't happen until much later. NERO: And by much later you mean like not growing up, but during the 50s, 60s? TUTHILL-DELUTE: In the 70s actually, I mean in the 70s mostly, I was in. NERO: I understand. TUTHILL-DELUTE: I was in high school when this was all coming out. I mean when the Grape Strike [started] and that created a lot of tension. But again, this is the Grape Strike. This was like in ‘65, but even then, I was kind of clueless until later, but we can talk about that later. You're ready to ask me questions about it? NERO: OK, OK so we're switching back and forth. Let's go back to the Filipino community and earlier you mentioned the Manongs. How did the Filipino families view elderly models? TUTHILL-DELUTE: Oh well, you know, like they’re relatives, a lot of them. I mean we did, we would have them over our house and they would stay whenever they were visiting, and so our Lolo was Manong, my uncle was Manong, so many of my dad's friends from his benevolent society, they were all Manongs. I mean, now I know the word and so that what it means and I grew up with them and I thought my dad was the only old guy in in in my life and I realized later that everybody in Delano all the fathers were that old and all my dad friends were all that old. TUTHILL-DELUTE: You know how it is, there's Asian Americans, or I mean, Asians, Filipinos. You know, they look so young you don't realize that they're already in their 50s or 60s when you're like 10 years old. NERO: Well, you mentioned that. You now know the word and you know what it means, so can you give me a definition of what a Manong is? TUTHILL-DELUTE: Well, a Manong is older Filipino and it's a term of endearment to respect. And it usually categorizes in what we’re speaking to right now. It categorizes the men, the Filipino men who arrived in the United States back in the 20s and 30s. I mean, I know now you can say to any older Filipino man for respect. But I associate now Manongs with the older, the really older generation of like my dad. I mean if he was alive now he would be over 100 years old. NERO: Let's see, do you have any memorable experiences about a Manong that you'd like to share? TUTHILL-DELUTE: Oh gosh, I have so many. Oh OK, well you can talk about my Lolo and he was, as I mentioned, was married to my dad’s first cousin, so there were very close friends. He would come to visit us in our home in Delano when you know, and I could never figure out when he would come visit, but he would come visit us and there were times he would come and babysit us and so, I thought “wow, he's a great cook.” I mean, if food always came out and he just you know [his] Filipino cooking, just wonderful. And he would always tell us his kids “Pick a vegetable, pick a vegetable” and because my dad grew all this vegetable at our house. And [he’d say] “pick a vegetable and bring it over and I'll cook something,” I go “Oh yeah, oh OK. Great!” Beans or eggplants or whatever and he’d say “Oh, Okay!” and he’d go ahead and cook something and we’d go “Wow this is really good; I mean he could just whip it up like that.” And there were times when I knew that he was lonely because he would Drink a little bit too much. It was kind of like, that's our lolo and then he would start crying like all the sudden. He's like sitting there and he would be drinking and then he starts crying. My mom would sit there and say, oh “don't do that in front of the children”. You know, “don’t be drinking in front of them” and we’d like going. “Oh well, that's our lolo”. You know, and he would get like you know, even sadder because my mom is yelling at him. But I realized at that time because he must have been lonely because he left [Transcriber’s Note: The Philippines] years ago. This [happened] in the 50s— 60s he left like in the 20s. He left his wife, he left his daughter and he had never went back to the Philippines. He stayed all those years. So anyway, that's happy and sad. That's one story. [31:28] NERO: Kind of switch gears a little bit. How was your relationship between Filipinos born in America and Filipinos born in the Philippines? TUTHILL-DELUTE: When I was born in the 50s, you know that mix wasn't great. It came much later when I was in my teens where we had more Filipinos started to come in and coming into town and working and living in the camps. So the story is this. This is how we had the Filipinos from the Philippines who are living in the camps or maybe some who were living in town with relatives and then there was us: The Filipino Americans who would sit there and try to try to emulate them, or they try to emulate us. And there was some tension and I'm not really sure about all this. My brother saw more so because it was a guy kind of thing but they used to play basketball with each other and they would have like fights. From what I understand but I wasn't really quite sure about it exactly. So there was that kind of tension going on. It's about somewhere in 1975 and my brother and a bunch of his friends of the local guys decided to have a Filipino Basketball tournament in Delano and it would be Filipino Americans and the Filipinos from the camps or around town. They would like have basketball games with each other and my brother would always say “You know it was like really difficult because they would play basketball like they were in the Philippines. They were like really rough. They would like hit each other, hit us and you know play really rough” and so they had to change it and they mixed it up. They would get the camp guys with the Filipino American guys and they created teams and so they created that Basketball tournament, which led to what is now the Delano Philippine Weekend that happens every summer in July, which started with the basketball tournament. And that basketball tournament created the Fiesta [Transcriber’s note: the Philippine Weekend Barrio Fiesta] and now they have a [Beauty] Queen show, they have a Mrs. Queen show, they got tiny tots on competition. And what else did they do...they still have the basketball tournament. I mean to this day they still have It. It would have been the 45th anniversary this year except for COVID [Transcriber’s note: COVID—19 Pandemic], that it didn’t happen. And so what happens is that the basketball tournament was so popular that people from all over they were people from San Jose, California, from Stockton, from Sacramento, from Fresno, from Los Angeles, San Diego. Their Filipino teams would come up or come to Delano for this this tournament. OK, so I have this one story. My mom was in a nursing home in the 90s and you know the nurse who was taking care of my mom was Filipino and she was asking us, "what we were going to be doing for the weekend” and while she was asking how she mentioned that she was going go out and go out of town to this to this event—this Filipino event that happens every year and she was like "my son goes to it, he plays basketball in this tournament” and we're like “Oh well where is this?” I thought maybe Stockton or something., and she goes “Oh, it's probably some place you never heard of,” “Oh well, tell us” and she goes “It's Delano, California. My husband and I really like “Delano!? Oh my God, I grew up down there” and she goes “no way! My son goes and he plays in this Filipino basketball team and this is here in San Francisco, and we go there every summer” and I go “Yeah, my brother helped put this [Basketball tournament] together, I go down there and whenever I'm visiting and help with scorekeeping or whatever.” So anyway, it's a small little town, a big event. it's like wow, I was quite pleasantly surprised at how popular this event is. NERO: But it also goes to show how truly network the Filipino community is? TUTHILL-DELUTE: Yes! Oh my God. I mean I would go down every year to watch the basketball game because that was what really put this thing together. And I would see all these teams from all various parts of California. I think there was a Vegas basketball team that frequent them. And I was like—I mean, the guys in Delano, they got the word out, and there they were and I was always looking forward to [saying] “wow what Filipino basketball team is from where?” You know, it was really cool just seeing this. NERO: So you talked about the Fiesta, you talked about the basketball tournaments every year? Does this happen in the community hall or...? TUTHILL-DELUTE: Oh gosh. OK, so it happened everywhere in town. NERO: Oh, OK. TUTHILL-DELUTE: Because Delano, it's maybe now 50,000 people. But you know, it grew slowly over time. But yeah, we had a Filipino hall [where] they would do it at the time. The Queen show or whatever in the early days, the basketball tournament occurred in the high school. The school district was very accommodating to the Filipino community. I think it was around that time that we had our first Filipino Mayor in Delano, so that helped quite a lot and we did have I believe a couple of teachers who were also Filipinos and come. But see we had it at a park eventually on various high schools for the tournaments and The Queen Show and all that, it just grew so much. It grew so big. That they had to do it in like in larger venues like the High school auditorium, the Filipino Community Center. Yeah, I mean it could maybe hold 100 people, but it's pretty tight. It's pretty small, in a small stage. So eventually that moved out. But yeah, we had tournaments at the high schools, the Fiesta still was at a major public park. They had a parade down Main Street and they had all the queen shows at the High school auditorium. TUTHILL-DELUTE: So it was pretty popular and the only Filipino—owned business was the Filipino Community Hall. They would occasionally have a few things there, but it actually just eventually outgrew it. NERO: OK, so we're going to switch gears a little bit and talk about the Grape Strike. So you mentioned that you're born in the 50s and then throughout like the 60s—70s, that's when the growth has happened. Do you remember about the Strike? Like, can you talk about the atmosphere any significant events that? You know, like you witnessed? TUTHILL-DELUTE: OK, so I lived through it that I didn't participate because it was in a sense... [40:29] NERO: OK. TUTHILL-DELUTE: Kind of an intense situation. I just remembered my parents, who would argue at home and I just remember them arguing about going to work because you wanted to honor the strike for the benefit that they were achieving. But at the same time my mom would sit there and say, “well we can't stop working because we have children.” I think [it was]1965—I don't know. My sister was maybe six or something, she was the youngest between me being 12 and she being six. You know, young children. So my parents were hard pressed to say “well we have to honor the strike.” So what I recall we would go to school and in the summers we would work in the fields with our parents, and the strike was a long strike, it was like for five years from ‘65 to 1970. So every summer we would work in the field and what I always remembered was we would go to work and then suddenly we were told get out of the field, put all the stuff that we were working with, [and] just put it under the vines, walk away, get into the car and leave. And then we find out later that my dad and the crew boss who knew that strikers were coming over and they were going to come over in and badger us, to say “get out of the field” and so my parents, all the families that were picking grapes would want to protect their families and themselves to get out of the field, get int the car and leave and so that nobody would get hurt because they were some violence that occurred. So it was kind of one of those. This is what the strike was all about and there were times when my dad couldn't go to work because they were striking in a certain areas that they were supposed to be picking, and then that would be the time when my parents would say “the kids won't go to work with them, they would go by themselves.” So what may have happened, they would not tell us, but that was that. That was what I had experienced and there were a lot of news about Delano on TV and on newspapers, so one of those things where you would see it in the news, in in your own town and you would go to the grocery store and they were strikers there and they would say, “don't buy grapes” and sometimes they would hassle you, and bully you. And a lot of people from what I remember really didn't appreciate it and I think a lot of people didn't like the strike because of the way that they were being bullied. As they're going into to do their shopping because we only had, I think at that time just a few grocery stores. Safeway was our major grocery store, and we had a couple of smaller grocery stores. And the strikers would always go to come to Safeway, and that's where they did all the heavy picketing. I mean, so that was my experience with the Delano Grape Strike. I'm trying to think my parents were arguing. Yeah, all the news. I mean, it was like “Geez, all this news on about Delano?” TUTHILL-DELUTE: I do know that my mom had a cousin and he would stay [with us]. So what happened was that we used to live in a very small house on our current property and as the family got bigger, my parents decided to build a bigger house. You know, four bedrooms—three baths versus a two bedroom—one bath. Anyway, but they still had that house and they rented it to my mom's cousin and he actually was working for [Larry] Itliong during the strike and what I always remembered about him was that he was always one of the strikers. He was always out there carrying a sign and yelling at people and I always figured he was one of those violent kind of guys, I mean, even though he was my mom's cousin and so he used to live right next door with us and we would see him around town and at the grocery stores and yelling at people. And so I always figured you know he was a diehard striker and I always figured, “oh he’s probably a henchman for the United Farm Workers and my mom would get really mad at him because whatever he does, that's what he does. But he used to come over and bring all these—= my parents [would say] “Who are all these people that are that are staying at the house” and they were all part of the strike. But they were Caucasian, and we would call them at the time “the hippies” because they were young Caucasian, you know long flowing clothes and hair, they were loose, all that kind of smoking and drinking, and they were hanging out and we’re like “wow what's going on over here?” And my Mom yelled at him and said “Hey whatever you do, just don't bring any of your work over here.” I mean, I can hear him arguing in Visayan [Transcriber’s Note: Filipino Language spoken primarily in the Visayan Islands] he would yell back at my mom, [I’m] like “Geez, nobody yells at my mom” and he would yell back at her and saying like “you should honor the strike” or something like that. I vaguely remember that. But other than that, that's what I remembered. And then, of course, the Forty Acres being developed. [47:30] NERO: What do you mean by the Forty Acres being developed? TUTHILL-DELUTE: Oh, Forty Acres. It's a location now in Delano. It's kind of about a couple of miles outside of the main part of Delano, and it's where Cesar Chavez—he did his fasting over there and then when the strike—when it was successful—they opened a clinic, and that's where a lot of the people, and even myself would go over and have affordable health care. Doctors—I'm not really sure how the doctors came—but the doctors were there. I don't know if they volunteered or if it was something, maybe they got some benefits or something, but they would be out there with some of the nurses and they would take a lot of patients. And then the hiring hall was created, and anyways that's where the office was located for the United Farm Workers. And eventually the Agbayani Village was built there, which was the housing for all the Manongs that were displaced after the strike was finished, because a lot of them, got kicked out of the camps because the Camps were deemed as illegal. So they moved all the Manongs out. A lot of them had to censor themselves and so that's when Larry Itliong, [Philip] Vera Cruz, Pete Velasco put together the housing units for the Manongs that were displaced. NERO: So that's actually one of my questions about the Agbayani Village. I want to go back to a little bit of what you said about your mom and your cousin, so there's a lot of that contention between Filipinos about the strike. Why do you think that is like? Why do you think that tension exists? TUTHILL-DELUTE: I mean this is my own personal experience just because my mom. OK, so that I was treated with like “we don't want Nikki to see all this stuff” and my mom was always like “we got to show this, like this perfect or a perfect family, we have no problems” [laughs], and it's like, “OK, well that's being a hypocrite.” So and then there's my mom cousin who was part of the strike and he believed one thing and she believed in this perfectness, and they would clash. That's how I kind of saw that as kind of an attitude perception of how their lives would be. I mean, I grew up thinking that my mom really never wanted to address the negative part of life and yet, at the same time she was like really being overprotective. Because I mean every time I went anywhere she was like following right behind me like I would go to a dance and then lo and behold, here she is! You know, in the darkness making sure you know “OK is she behaving herself,” that kind of thing. But there's always that tension, I believe and it might be, just something that's part of our culture. I mean, I can never understand it. And yet to this day I do still see it in in other families and sometimes I catch myself, pretending like everything’s fine, you know nothing to worry about. And I think being honest and showing how you truly feel about things, I think it's more honest which we were not always until they expressed that way. One of the things I do want to bring up was my mom— [about] our half sister— because this is that that part of her life where you think that maybe she would tell us, but she never did. She never told us. I mean, when she had her stroke she lost her ability to write and speak then when we finally said “hey mom, we know” she just kind of looked at us and you know, like, “oh OK”. It's like she couldn't really say anything and it was just one of those things where you sit there and you go “Mom, all you had to do was tell us we would have been OK” and she kind of like nodded and said “mmm hhh”. Like it would have been just nice to know what you went through. And I was telling a cousin of the events and her takeaway was, “well, If your mom had shame so she didn't want to talk about it.” I go “this is our half—sister”, and we celebrated when my brother had his daughter and we said, “Mom, your first grandchild.” In reality, she already had four grandchildren we didn't know about! [laughs]. You know what I mean? It was like that. All of a sudden, life became immeasurable because of the…well, I don't know, the lies, or the secrets that people have. Anyway so, it's great to know that she had grandchildren much sooner than we realize because my half-sister is 20 years older than I am. It's like wow. NERO: I want to ask about the Agbayani Retirement Village. Do you know anyone who volunteered to help construct it? TUTHILL-DELUTE: Oh gosh, no. You know what. Wait, yes, I do Max Bacerra and some locals[s]— Lorraine Agtang. I do know that they were there. Let me turn my Bluetooth headset off so I can go… [Transcriber’s Note: Tuthill-Delute switching audio capturing device]. Can you hear me still? NERO: Yes I can. TUTHILL-DELUTE: Hang on, you could turn up my volume, OK. I did know some people, local people who did help build it. I mean, even though we had a lot of volunteers from what I understand, I think there were a lot of college students, who came there. NERO: Do you have any experiences during the construction, I guess? Like can you talk about the construction in itself from your perspective? TUTHILL-DELUTE: I was already living here at San Francisco and I would only experience it whenever I visit in town. That and that was it. NERO: OK, that's actually a good segue for like the last section of this interview. Let's talk about your post-high school years. What did you do after graduating high school? TUTHILL-DELUTE: After I went to high school and graduated I went to college and I worked. And I would visit home every other month while my parents were still alive, and that, how would I say, the caged bird needed to spread her wings. NERO: Where did you go to college and what did you study? TUTHILL-DELUTE: Oh OK, so I went to a couple of colleges; Community College from Bakersfield and I did Cal State University, also in Bakersfield, which just opened at that time. And then, really, for as long as I can remember I wanted to get into design and art and wanted to go to New York. I wanted to be a designer and it's like my parents would always sit there and say “Sure. Yeah, how are you going to get there? Who's going to pay your way?” I go “Oh. Aren't you going help?” My parents would sit there and say “We can't afford you going to New York.” So anyway, so I was going to college and I thought, well, I'm going to fill out an application to transfer to a bigger university, and I applied to San Francisco State and I got accepted. I was like, “Oh OK, it was like wow, great, I can't believe it. I'm going to San Francisco.” My parents were so…Anyway, so I said “hey mom, dad, I just got accepted San Francisco State. I'm going to go to college there.” I just like flat out said “I'm going to college there.” My dad was like “Oh. Well, why did you do that?” “Why did I do that?” “Well, you could go to college here in Bakersfield.” Like “Oh no, I'm going to San Francisco. It’s simple as that.” I know that my parents weren't very happy about it, but you know, I was the first woman [in the family] going to college. Subsequently, of course, my brother went to San Diego State and did much better than I did [laughs]. I went to San Francisco State for a couple of years and then I dropped out in the 70s but eventually went back in the 90s and got my Bachelor’s. My interest had always been in art. That was when I had great time expressing myself and was doing a lot of artwork doing mostly ceramics and sculpture. And then of course I graduated and then I hear my mom's words: “Well, what are you going to do with it?” I know, it's like “OK, now what am I going to do? Where do I begin?” So I started working in a couple of places. I remember working for the classified department in the San Francisco Chronicle and I was trying to get into their art department, but it was kind of an old boys school. You know, printing departments in newspapers, and so I just — hard as I tried, I couldn't get in there, so I eventually left, finally got a job working in an ad agency and that was about as close as I ever got to working with creative people and I've been working in that field. Well, pretty much now, but not in the art field. I was more of a project manager, so I got to work with print managers, art directors, writers, and then of course the account people. So I got to see a lot of radio commercials being produced, even produced a couple of myself. I oversaw a couple of commercials being produced and newspapers and newspaper ads. Those are the days and now of course everything is all Internet —but they still do commercials. NERO: So is that the career that you stayed at for your adult life? TUTHILL-DELUTE: Pretty much. Pretty much until I can't work any longer and that's the druthers. Now as you get older, I'm now in my 60s. I'm having a hard time finding work and now with COVID, forget about it. I'm weary to go back to work and getting infected. NERO: Were there any other Filipinos in your field of work? TUTHILL-DELUTE: There were a few. There were a few. Not a lot, but most of them were more in administrative and you know, like clerical. But not a whole lot. I did grow up with a couple of guys, [Asian] Americans who went to San Francisco State also majored in art. And they were art directors. They were very successful last batch. But they were. You know, one of the few. [01:01:19] TUTHILL-DELUTE: I mean, most of them were Chinese Americans, Japanese Americans. I mean, now I, believe there are a lot more Filipino American artists in the industry kind of world. When I was looking for work in the from the 70s to the to the 2000. NERO: So you mentioned that Delano's population grew. What about the Filipino population and how did it change During your adult years? TUTHILL-DELUTE: In Delano. OK, well it has changed quite a lot. What has happened is, is that a lot of the Filipino families have migrated to the City of San Francisco — I mean the City of Delano. Sorry and, some are teachers or doctors — professional jobs. And they stayed on and they brought other friends and families to the point where there are more in the blue collar—white collar jobs and or white collar jobs and the labor. Yeah I would go down and say “hey you know I used to use a picked grapes” and they look at me and they say “You picked grapes?” I go “Yes! There are Filipinos that used to pick grapes” and because only the Mexicans now pretty much pick grapes and most of the Filipinos have migrated over to the packing shed because they have better benefits there, working conditions [are] much better than working in the field. So that's where a lot of the Filipinos ended up. And anyway. So what happened also to and because of the population has increased, more Filipinos, and also more Mexicans. The town has changed. Main Street used to be of course, owned by — well, I mean you don't know that — but it used to be owned by a lot of Caucasians. But I mean they were also immigrants because they came from Slavonic countries and some came from Italy and in other places, and they own the businesses, they ran Main Street Delano. Now you go to Delano and Main Street Delano is owned by all minorities — Mexican Americans, Filipino Americans and your Caucasian business owners, is very few there. And we would kid around and say “What happened? Do these like kick out all the White People in Delano?” They always wondered about that. It’s they're still around because I know that the family names are there. They always wondered about that. You know, it's just they're still around because I know that the family names some have stayed on because they still have like their vineyards, their growers. They're still there, and some have married, you know, inter marriage, they married either another Filipino — a Caucasian married Filipino or Mexican — and so they stayed and had families over the years. So, the town has changed quite a lot. I mean, we have a lot of Mexican restaurants, hardly ever when I was growing up. Same thing with Filipino food. I mean the only Filipino food you can find was at somebody’s home. Now, there are a few restaurants where you can get Filipino food and it was rare to find anybody who would sell Lechon [Transcriber’s Note: Whole Roasted Pig, Filipino Style]. Now — I mean, my parents would wait until there was a special occasion and buy a hog and then we would have a barbecue at our property. But now it's more common. It's I mean — thank God, but our history needs to change. We need to talk more about our Filipino American history. NERO: So speaking of, let's talk about FANHS [Transcriber’s Note: Filipino American National Historical Society]. So how did you get involved with FANHS? TUTHILL-DELUTE: OK, that's an easy one. My brother who is in San Diego was involved with FANHS because his wife was a president of FANHS and he was mentioning, “oh, you know, we're having a conference in San Diego” and I always love going to their [conferences] because my brother is a teacher — was a teacher — [and] a school administrator and I would love to go to a lot of his teacher conference, because I get to meet all these educators and I see all these vendors, and all the books and art stuff. And I thought “Oh OK, FANHS yeah. OK, Filipino American history organization. Sure, you know this looks really great.” I wanted to volunteer and help out. I went to the first FANHS Conference in San Diego in 2014 and saw how it was run. My poor brother was running ragged because he was helping putting it together. So I would help with the managing people, moving them here and there and I would be a moderator at a panel and I thought. “Hey, this is really great.” My brother would say, “Hey you know, if you want to go to a panel or workshop or something, by all means, go ahead and join in.” And like in a panel and a FANHS Chapter in the Central Coast was talking about people that she was interviewing and I sat there and I thought, “Oh my God, those are my cousins,” because they owned a Filipino market in Pismo Beach. And I thought “My God, I know those people were my relatives!” And then somebody was doing some research in New Orleans. And they were like looking for Filipinos that were in the New Orleans area way back in early 1900s and I went “Oh my God. Let's see if she has my uncle there because my uncle was in New Orleans in 1930.” And lo and behold, she found his name! And there it was on the presentation. I was like “Wow, these people are pretty cool!” We became members and that's where I learned more about like Manongs, the Bridge Generation, the Filipino history in America and I thought “Well, this is great” so that became into the Delano chapter. My brother calls me up one day and he says “hey, you know what? We got to do a Delano — FANHS Delano chapter. I want you to help put it together, and we're going to put up an event and it's going to be on the anniversary of the Delano Grape Strike. It'll be 50 years.” and I went “Sure, sure I'll do it. I'll help. I'll put this chapter. I'll help put the chapter together and I'll help put this event together” and so that became the Delano Grape Strike: The Bold Step [Transcriber’s Note: Event title for the FANHS Delano chapter’s event] and that was in 2015 and I helped along with the officers, helped put this event together. We became a chapter like in June I believe, through July, August, September. The event was in September. We had three months to put it together.” NERO: Oh wow, three months for the 50th Anniversary? TUTHILL-DELUTE: Yes, For the 50th. And you know. People in the officers and some of the volunteers would…You know, because I've done these kind of events because I was working with Oracle at the time and one of the things that Oracle has— It's a it's a software company here in Silicon Valley—and they do this big event every year in San Francisco. You know, they close the street down. They take over the Convention Center. They take over this and that. Anyway, so I kind of knew a little bit of planning, an event, a big event, but so, what I was trying to say is that 50 years and I knew that this was going to be a big event, and I kept stressing to them “Well, it's got to be more than just one night. It's going to have to be a weekend thing” Especially because then Dawn Mabalon and Robyn Rodriguez came into the fold to help us put it together. They helped get guest speakers and suggested topics for our workshops with panel panelists. And I thought, “wow, this is just like a FANHS conference, but you know, it's a Delano chapter event.” So it became a three day event Friday, Saturday and Sunday. And we there are a lot of people who attended and I think a lot of people in Delano and were like “Oh, I had no idea that this could possibly happen” and but what's really interesting is that the people who planned it realized the scope of the history in Delano, but the people in Delano still don't really know it, interestingly enough. They don't go to a lot of the functions that occur there. So that's my contribution to FANHS. And then of course because I'm still here in San Francisco, I decided to join the San Francisco FANHS chapter [laughs]. [01:11:22] TUTHILL-DELUTE: So then they kicked it off this year in right before the pandemic and we have a lot of members, a lot of students. And the President or the person who's kicking off is a Filipino American college professor at the City College Community over here. So she's — she happens to be a student many years ago in San Diego and she knew my brother because he was a school administrator and at the time his wife — She passed away of cancer— but she used to be a student of hers. I mean, of my brother's wife at the time because she knew my brother and his first wife. So, she's got knowledge and information, which is really great. NERO: So we're now just winding down to the last part of the interview. Talking about the Bold Step Event. Why do you think that event was important? TUTHILL-DELUTE: Oh my gosh, why is it important?! It's because of the Filipinos that were involved in it that people don't know anything about. You know they thought Cesar Chavez was the Delano Grape Strike, I mean. Even the people who grew up with it, we all know Cesar Chavez but nobody made a point to say “hey, no, let's get this straight,” so that's my big takeaway is that when I realize that you know this is history that needs to be told correctly. Then our event became the big kick off. I mean, I understand that there are other stories about it, but this was the big kickoff to get the story right because you know we made— we had a couple of people from the from Cesar Chavez Foundation who came and actually said “Yes, Larry Itliong started it.” If it wasn't for him, the Grape Strike occurred because he was the guy who came into town and said “hey, we need to make this change, we need to get more money for our workers and the only way we can do it is to strike.” I mean it's like “Oh my God, let's get this right, let's get it straight.” NERO: And then, second to last question, do you feel that Filipino American history is getting enough recognition? TUTHILL-DELUTE: Enough? No. it needs more, it needs more and I can only say that because in the town of Delano where the Grape Strike occurred, not everybody still knows it and so we need to— I understand that we've now got the curriculum for Filipino farmer history into K-12— but I haven't seen it implemented. Yeah, but it's more and more events. And I now that I'm part of FANHS and I am in the Delano chapter, I try to bring awareness through FANHS with events, and we have a tour that we do every year — er, not every year. That if people request it, they can do a tour of the Delano Grape Strike locations where the Grape Strike occurred. Out in the field the Filipino Community Hall where they held their meetings, where Cesar Chavez took the agreement at the Guadalupe Church, which still exists, and where Larry Itliong is buried, he is buried in Delano. And of course the development of the Forty Acres where Cesar Chavez had his fasting, where the clinic was developed where the hiring hall was, and where Agbayani Village was created. Then of course the other history, which is the Delano Chinatown which is now like bulldozered over. But that's where all our Manongs used to go. You know, go shopping, go gambling, go drinking, go eating. Extracurricular activities and but that in itself is history. And so anyway. NERO: And then here's the last question for the interview. What advice do you have for young Filipinos like me and many others? TUTHILL-DELUTE: Come to Delano. NERO: I'm tempted when you said there’s Lechon everywhere, I'm so tempted. TUTHILL-DELUTE: [Laughs] Yeah, they're— Oh my God. Well, there is one main person that really makes it and you got to go to Delano. And when I mean Delano is a really—I mean in in a whole lot of ways, It's still a small town and it's in the middle of really nowhere, and the freeway runs right through it. But the thing is, is that Filipino history is in all our lives. I mean, it's in Delano, Stockton, Sacramento, Coachella Valley down over by Morro Bay. Down over by. Where the Manila Men in New Orleans are. The kids, the youth, I think are better off than when I was a youth of our Filipino history, but we need more of it, so that everybody is aware of who the Filipino Americans are, how we came here and that our history is part of American history. NERO: And what a great way to come to close the interview. Thank you for thank you for your time. So this concludes the interview with Nickie Tuthill-Delute, and this is Daniel Nero signing off for the Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies. I'm now going to stop the recording. TUTHILL-DELUTE: OK. [01:18:06] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oral History Interview with Nickie Tuthill-Delute Subject The topic of the resource Delano, United Farm Workers, Farmworkers, Filipino, Filipino American migrant agricultural laborers, Description An account of the resource This oral history interview was conducted via Google Voice and explained Nickie's life growing up in Delano, her interactions with the Grape Strike, Delano's Filipino Community from the 1960s to the present, and her childhood to adulthood. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 15-Sep-20 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies, the UC Davis Asian American Studies department, and the UC Regents holds intellectual control of these recordings. Usage is restricted for educational, non-commercial purposes only. Commercial usage requests should be made to ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 audio file Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa006_s002_0004 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies Moving Image A series of visual representations that, when shown in succession, impart an impression of motion. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://archive.org/details/expires1990">https://archive.org/details/expires1990</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Expires 1990" Short Film Subject The topic of the resource Nurses--Philippines Emigration and Immigration -- history -- Philippines Filipino Women Filipina Description An account of the resource A short film by Kristiana Reyes about her Filipino family's immigration story and upbringing in America. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kristiana S. Reyes Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Internet Archive Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Kristiana S. Reyes via Internet Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 11, 2020 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons, Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International. Attribution must be given to Kristiana S. Reyes and the Reyes Family. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Video Language A language of the resource English Tagalog Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context wa022 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fenkell Family collection Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1YcEjc7kl35YvrFGo-WiwYv-ZVxTf0ugp?usp=sharing">JPG Images</a> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dp-Kgfh-9MWt9h-AHgKzeUi8g2r4BF92/view?usp=sharing">Text-Searchable PDF</a> Document Text Document text Publication of the National Resource Center on Political Prisoners in the Philippines ( Project of the Anti-Martial Law Coalition- Philippines) VOLUME 1, Number 2 JUNE 1978 FREE Mondale Pleaser Marcos Denies Political Prisoners Exist President Marcos and U.S. Vice President Mondale conferred on U.S. -R. P. relations during the latter's visit to the Philippines last April. Marcos again denied the existence of political prisoners despite overwhelming evidence prouing otheru•ise. Once again, in his visit with U.S. Vice President Walter Mondale, President Marcos has asserted that "there are no political prisoners remaining in the country. Those still under detention are prisoners facing charges'' (Times Journal, May 4, 1978). Actually, as of March 31, 1978 there were 552 political detainees accounted for in the country's military stockades; 27 political detainees are still on the missing list; and 25 political detainees of only one detention center (Bicutan Center) are still without charges. The 1973 Philippine Constitution guarantees the right to a speedy, public and impartial trial (Article IV, Sec. 16 and 19). So regardless of the verbal ''sleight of hand,'' there are political detainees in the Philippines; there are persons under detention for political reasons as well as for political crimes. (PP Update, May 5, 1978). • Tantiado, Luarca Dirty Elections Casualties Though unknown to each other, Teotimo Tantiado and Orlando Luarca were similar in many ways during their brief but inspiring lifetimes. Both were poor peasants lured to the big city, Manila, by the hope of a better future. Both found out the harsh reality that lay behind the glitter of city life, where one had to eke out a living through hard toil. Both came to the realization that the promise of a better future lay in social change. Both worked for social change, Teotimo as a church worker; Orlando as a trade unionist; together as advocates for clean elections during the last polls. Both returned home for the last time in May to be buried. TIMOY'S ORDEAL Ironically, returning home was foremost on Teotimo' s mind on April 10, the day he was apprehended at the Loyola House of Studies by a team of Metrocom Intelligence men. On the same day, Teotimo ''Timoy,'' had planned to leave for Buhi, Camarines Sur, with his sister on the occasion of the fourth death anniversary of their late father. Timoy never showed up at the appointed time, keeping instead, a surprise visit with the military. For four days, not a word was heard of Timoy and a co-worker, Lorenzo Faustino ( still in detention), arrested with him. Meanwhile, rumours circulated that he was being heavily tortured. On April 15, Fr. Elmer Romero called Col. Rolando Abadilla, head of the Metrocom unit which arrested Timoy, to verify the rumours. A badilla replied with a bare-faced lie that the two were still being investigated. Little did Fr. Romero and concerned Jesuits like him suspect that Timoy was already dead. According to records at V. Luna Hospital, Tantiado was admitted on April 12 at 7:30 p.m. He seemed seriously ill and kept uttering incoherent remarks indicating delirium. Once he bit a dextrose tubing attached to him and drank the fluid directly. On April 13, Timoy was brought to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit where he died at 4:00 p.m., April 15. Cause of death was listed as "acute pancreatitis" - the rupture of the pancreas and the release of digestive juices to other internal organs. Turn to page 6 2 EDITORIAL During the last elections, thousands took to the streets to raise the democratic rights of the Filipino p eople. Among them, as the banner above reads is ''Free all Political Prisoners. '· INTERCEDE FOR RELEASE ADOPT -A - PRISONER '' International press did help a lot in our release,'' wrote one recently released polit ical detainee . This young prisoner had been held for three months without trial in Bicutan prison outside of Manila. Her charge- ' 'subversion.'' Evidence to substantiate this charge - none. Like thousands of other political prisoners in the Philippines, her freedom was subject to the prosecutorial discretion of the martial law military apparatus . Due to international publicity on her case and on those others arrested with her, and to massive g rassroots pressure against the jailor government for its perpetration of injustices, she was released. But thousands of innocent men and women continue to remain their cells- for weeks, for months, for years deprived of their liberty. In an effort to internationally spotlight the arbitrary and brutal arrests of innocent persons in the Philippines under President Marcos, and thereby work for their eventual release from prison, the National Resource Center on Political Prisoners in the Philippines has begun its adopt-aprisoner campaign. Groups will work on behalf of specific prisoners whose dossiers have been disseminated to them on request (see back page) by the NRCPPP. This work will include publicizing the plight of each prisoner in the local press and media, and pressuring the Marcos government for each prisoner's release by intensive letter writing campaigns each month aimed at top government officials in the Philippines. It is work of this nature that has been effective in securing the release of thousands of men and women who have been political prisoners in countries especially sensitive to international public opinion (and to foreign aid) - such as the Philippines. Your letters could mean the difference between imprisonment and liberty. Join us . • TANOD • June 1978 WHO WE ARE •.. TANOD draws its information from Political Prisoners Update and Quarterly, publications of the Task Force On Detainees, and various documentation and profile provided by concerned groups in the Philippines. Should you have access to any information which would be helpful in promoting the cause of political prisoners, please share with us. Since President Marcos declared martial law in the Philppines in 1972, over 60,000 persons have been arrested for political reasons. Brutal torture has been applied to these political prisoners systematically. Many have died in detention. Others have simply '' disappeared'' - later to be found dead. The judicial system within which political detainees are tried is that of the military tribunal - described as '' a mockery" by prominent U.S. civil rights attorney John c~ughlan and as a "farce" by one reputable International Commission of Jurists observer. "Justice" is delivered by Marcos-appointed judges whose very employment depends on compliance with the will of the President. In light of these consistent and widespread violations of internationally recognized human rights which have shown no sign of subsidence although now universally acknowledged by respected non-governmental organizations such as Amnesty International, it has become crucial to widely publicize the patterns and victims of repression in the Philippines and to initiate campaigns aimed at preventing further human rights violations. TANOD, the monthly bulletin of the National Resource Center on Political Prisoners in the Philippines is responding to this need to monitor, inform the general public on, and challenge martial law policy with regard to political dissent. TANOD, or "to watch," broadly suggests vigilance and the protection of life in a community where just law in inoperative. The National Resource Center on Political Prisoners in the Philippines was created during the October 1977 conference of the Anti-Martial Law Coalition. The NRCPPP is committed to generating support for Philippine prisoners through letter writing and telegram campaigns directed at the Marcos regime; fundraisers for prisoners and their families; and the dissemination of literature publicizing their plight.• TANOD • June 1978 3 APPEALS/UPDATES . . Six Freed Under Gag Senator Lorenzo Tanada and other members of the opposition LABAN party as they were hauled off to prison last April 9. Six political foes of President Marcos were freed June 6 on the condition that they not talk to journalists or support ''subversive'' organizations. The release of former senator Francisco Rodrigo and five others came two days after Marcos announced that all charges of sedition and illegal assembly would be dropped against them and more than 500 arrested in April for anti-government demonstrations. The six had to pledge not ''to join or support directly or indirectly any subversive organization or association or join any lawless gang." ''That's not difficult to do,'' Rodrigo said in a telephone interview, ''but I have my own definition of subversion." Police arrested the opposition demonstrators April 9 during a march through downtown Manila protesting martial law and alleged vote rigging at the National Assembly elections earlier that month. All others were released earlier. They included former Senator Lorenzo Tanada, 79, who had been the opposition's chief campaign manager. The others freed June 6 were Ernesto Rondon and Teopisto Guingona, members of the 1971 convention which drafted the present parliamentary constitution; Aquilino Pimentel, the Rev. Romeo Intengan and Joker Arroyo, chief attorney for the opposition party. All but Intengan and Arroyo contested the April elections in which Marcos' party swept into office. (Associated Press) ''Sylvia Sales'' ldentif ied, Located Evelyn Sarmiento (alias Sylvia Sales) has also been located at the MSU, Ft. Bonifacio. Earlier, it had been reported that Sylvia Sales was missing. Evelyn who was with the party arrested with Sison, was recently reunited with her sister Norma on April 6, 1978. Norma acting on a hunch, repeatedly pressed the Department of National Defense to allow her access to the then unknown Sylvia Sales. Letters and telegrams urging the transfer of Evelyn to regular detention quarter is highly recommended.• Sison Still - Incommunicado The whereabouts of Jose Ma. Sison, alleged chairman of the Communist Party of the Philippines has been traced to the Military Security Unit (MSU), Fort Bonifacio, reliable sources report. Mr. Sison has been held incommunicado in an isolation cell since his arrest along with four others last Nov. 10. Meanwhile, a campaign urging the military to transfer Sison to regular Mr. Sison has been held incommunicado in an isola- Jose Ma. Sison has been tion cell since his arrest kept in solitary confine- along with. four others last ment for over seven Nov. 10. Meanwhile, a cammonths. paign urging the military to transfer Sison to regular detention quarters is being unfolded by the International Association of Filipino Patriots (IAFP), a U.S. AND Canada based organization supporting the Philippine resistance. Already, 400 signatures to a petition urging the military to allow Sison access to family, and defense, have been gathered. Copies of the petitions were sent to President Marcos, Defense Secretary Enrile and Amnesty International. For more information write: IAFP, P.O. Box 24737, Oakland CA 94623.• Ailing Detainee Pleas For Release Joaquin Rivera, arrested in October 1974 and presently detained at the Bicutan Rehabilitation Center, is pleading for his release on medical grounds. Rivera is suffering from osteomyelitis - the inflamation of the bone and marrow as a result of infection - and could only seek adequate medical attention and save his leg from amputation under conditions of freedom. Upon his arrest, Rivera only suffered from a gunshot wound which was only attended to after two weeks had elapsed. Under the ''care'' of Camp Crame physicians, the wound ''progressed'' to a bone fracture: Only a year later was he transferred to the National Orthopedic Hospital where he underwent major surgery. His family went into heavy debt to pay for medicines amounting to more than P5,000.00. Against his doctor's advice, he was moved to Camp Crame and later to Bicutan where follow-up care is nearly impossible. Rivera is seldom visited by relatives; his widowed mother having to support many other dependents. Letters pressing for his release as well as donations for his medical expenses, are strongly urged. • ' 4 TANOD • June 1978 Eastern Samar Military Terrorism Escalates Despite mounting concern and indignation over military operations against innocent civilians in Eastern Samar, arbitratry arrests, forced evacuation, atrocities and murders, continue unabated. The latest round of abuses occurred between April 19 to May 27, 1978 in Dolores and surrounding villages. Over this period, ten persons were arrested, six of these tortured, six more killed and 18 houses burned by elements of the Task Force Leysam, Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP). On April 19, three brothers, Romeo, Mario and Jose Lazarra were arrested, tortured and held hostage for their brother who was suspected to be a member of the New Peoples Army. In the following days Loreto J ardio, Zosimo Ribarter, Sen soy Calvo, Joseph Ducabo, Artemio Boletin and his small child, Francisco Nebreja and his 69-year old grandfather, were rounded up and arrested. Between April 23 to May 7, the following were killed: Abe and Berting Rivato ; Soseng Aberia and his son , and Magdaleno Lazarra and a companion, Eufracio. Adding a gruesome finish to their rampage, Army troopers stationed in Bo. Buenavista, severed the ears and thumbs and slit the abdomens of Magdaleno and Eufracio. Map of Samar. Calbiga is under the seige of military forces who abuse p eople at will. NATIONAL PATIERN These series of crimes fallows a national pattern of punitive actions against local populations suspected of supporting the insurgent New Peoples' Army (NPA). Over 1977, there has been an upsurge in military abuses in the provinces of Davao del Norte, Cagayan Valley, Ilocos-Montanosa, Negros Occidental and Eastern Samar - areas where the NP A reportedly draws significant support. In 1978 however, military counterinsurgency activity has been most concentrated and acutely felt in the economically depressed provinces of N egros Occidental and Eastern Samar, both located in the Visayas. Some 23 deaths in the hands of the military have been reported from these two provinces alone between January and March, this year. VILLAGES VIRTUALLY DESERTED One of the worst afflicted towns is Calbiga, Eastern Samar where the Task Force Leysam and the 553rd Company have forcibly evacuated some four hundred families from nineteen adjoining barrios. One resident has described the situation as '' worse than the Japanese occupation." Prior to the mass evacuation, military troops roamed the barrios arresting and torturing anyone they suspected and confiscating at will, the food, poultry, livestock, farm implements and other properties of the farmers. Occasionally, the trigger-happy soldiers would decapitate the heads of their victims and display these in the town plaza to serve warning to those who would resist their tyranny. Even the mayor could not oppose the rule of the military for he is under heavy surveillance. He has been threatened several times for reporting atrocities to military higher ups. The following reports are a few examples of the murders and other Turn to page 7 Mau ban Victims' Freedom for 20 Asked # Whereabouts - a Mystery Letters and cables demanding information on fou r detainees miss ing since August 1977, are urgently needed. Jessica Sales, Gerardo Faustino, Rizalina Ilagan, Bong Sison and Cristina Cattalla, are claimed by the 11 P . C. Zone Command to have been killed in an armed encounter in Mauban, Quezon. They were allegedly J essica Sales, former U. P. buried in a common grave instructor is still missing. in Lucena City. Only Bong's body however, has in Lucena City, Only Bong's body however, has been exhumed and positively identified. Sightings of J essica in the company of military men were reported four times from the period of August to November, 1977.• Relatives of Prisoners Petition Mondale Some sixty-eight relatives of political prisoners petitioned U.S. Vice President Walter Mondale to inquire on the human rights situation of political detainees, last April 30. In particular, the relatives pressed Mondale to inquire on the non-implementation of Letter of Instruction No. 621 providing among others, for the grant of temporary release to any detainee "for humanitarian considerations." The group recommended the release of twenty political prisoners who, because of illness or personal difficulties, qualified for temporary release. Their open letter read in part: ''We believe that long, indefinite detention and torture inflicted upon our detainee-relatives already call for redress. Moreover, we believe that the mental and emotional sufferings and economic difficulties undergone by our families make for just, humanitarian grounds to grant our petitions for the release of our detained J TANOD • June 1978 5 Visayan Farmer Lay Worker Remembers 19-Hour Ordeal Leonila Artagme, baring the marks of torture, was one victim of fhe escalating abuses of the military in the Visayas. My name is Leonilo Alberto Artagme. I was born in Victorias on Sept. 27, 1953. My father is Benito Artagme, 48 years old, and my mother is Rizalina Alberto Artagme, 4 7 year old. I have five brothers, two sisters and I am the eldest in my family. My father works on his 4. 06 hectares of rice and com fields, and my brother is a sugar worker. On Oct. 19, 1974, I began to work for the parish in our barrio in Banman, Locotan, Kabankalan, Negros Occidental as a lay leader in prayer services and later I began to help give seminars in the parishes. The following is a true account of my experience on the night of Feb. 6, 1978. NIGHT CALLERS It was Monday evening at about 11:00 when I heard an angry voice calling' 'Boy, Boy, Boy!'' Because I recognized the voice, without hesitation, I opened the door. But as soon as I stepped outside, somebody pointed a gun at me and ordered me to come down from our house. I was not able to refuse. When I came down, they brought me to the santol tree near our house. While hitting me with the muzzle of a gun, one of them asked me if I saw a man carrying a sub-machine gun. I answered, "No, sir.'' Then I felt the butt of the gun, hitting me on the back and then I was asked another question, '' Did you see any man with a gun going by?" I answered, "No, sir." Then the muzzle of the gun was hit against my ribs. ' 'FINISH HIM' ' Then they ordered all the males to come out of the house and asked the same questions. They also answered ''No.'' They asked me '' Where are they?'' I answered, '' I don't know.'' Then they tied and blindfolded me. ·They brought me a short distance away from our house. They constantly kicked and hit me with their fists and the muzzle and butt of the gun. Then they took hold of my two feet and dragged me. After a while, I was untied and the blindfold removed. At that time, I did nGt know what happened to my father and brother, Elizalde. We walked for about a kilometer and then I saw their six by six truck (approaching). We rode for about an hour and then stopped at a very secluded place. I was ordered to get down from the truck, and I got down. Somebody again asked me, "Where is Juan?" I answered, "I don't know sir.'' One of them said, ''We cannot do anything with him, it's better if we finish him (up)." I was hit again and again and then one of them said, ''I will finish him. sir.·' At that time I became aware that they were miJitary n1en. He clicked the bolt on his gun. Their commander said, '' Fool we will run over him so there will be no ' investigation.'' They all got up on the truck and the driver was ordered to run over me. I had not totally lost consciousness and when the truck backed up, I rolled and ran as fast as I could. LEFT FOR DEAD When I was a short distance away, I head explosions and felt a sharp pain in my left shoulder. I ran faster until I reached a cane plantation and I went in to hide n1yse1f because they were running after me. They searched . . . for about 15 minutes but could not find me. I overheard them saying, ''He's no longer here, sir.·' And ... the commander said, ''Even if we cannot find hiin. it doesn't matter, because he cannot survive his wounds .... ·' 15-HOUR ORDEAL I think at that time it was about 3: 00 in the morning of Feb. 7 when they (finally) left. About an hour later, I started to walk until I reached a clearing. I slept at a camote plantation and it was about 8:00 in the morning when I woke up. I went to a nearby brook to wash. A man who was grazing his carabao passed by and I implored him to help me but he did not. I did not eat for the whole day and the sun was hot. I went back to the camote plantation at about 3:00 in the afternoon to lie down. It so happened that I heard somebody chopping wood on the other side of the brook so I asked for help. It was about 6:00 p.m. when I finally drank some boiled water. Later my friends came and brought me to a house neasr the clearing. At about 11 :00 p. m., Fr. Hogan arrived in his Toyota and picked me up and brought me to the hospital. I stayed in the hospital until Feb. 21, 1978. (Signed) Leonilo Artagme 6 TANOD • June 1978 Teotimo Tantiado ''SPIRIT SHALL DWELL IN OUR MINDS'' From page 1 SACRIFICIAL LAMB What did Timoy do to deserve such a fate? For those who knew him, Timoy was a hard working young man, forced by poverty and the death of his father to assume the role of breadwinner at the age of 15. Timoy worked odd jobs at Bo. Capre, Novaliches, Quezon City and interspersed his time v;ith community work and church-related activities. He was also an office aide to Fr. Romeo lntengan of the Jesuit order. Timoy 's last weeks were spent volunteering as a poll \.\ratcher at the Bo. Capre voting center and hawking the newspaper Malayang Pilipinas. His brief record in community involvement could hardly be deemed "subversive," much less warrant his death by torture. This paradox had led many to believe that Timoy was a victim of circumstances-a convenient scapegoat caught in the wrong place at the wrong time. His death is further proof of the thoroughly cruel nature of the Marcos dictatorship. Angered by the massive outpour of civilian discontent throughout the election period, the regime struck back at its critics blindly and with a vengeance. Arbitrary arrests, surveillance and a travel ban were used to force back the citizenry into submission. But the dictatorship not only demanded scapegoats upon which to ventilate its fury: it demanded sacrificial lambs as well in the persons of Tirnoy, Orlando and many yet unknown casualties of the infamous elections. TRIALS OF A TRADE UNIONIST It was against this backdrop of terror and retaliation that Orlando "Ka. Orly" Luarca met his death on April 22. Rather than be cowed, Ka. Orly braved the repressive headwinds to tell the truth about the fraudulent elections. But then danger was nothing new to Ka. Orly. A trade unionist at the Sacoba Manufacturing Corporation, Ka. Orly had just led a successful strike, amidst difficulties, sacrifice and great personal risk. He was distributing leaflets to churchgoers and passersby in front of the Pasig Church, Barrio Kapasigan when three military operatives arrested him. Eyewitnesses identified his assailants as Robert Vasco, a trooper of the 221st Constabulary Detachment; Patrolman Antonio Buenavides and a certain ·'Abe,'' both of the Pasig police. Unfazed by the presence of many bystanders, the three frisked Ka. Orly and confiscated all his things. Then he was brought to Plaza Pariancillo where he was severely manhandled and publicly ridiculed as a "thief and snatcher. ' ' He was then dragged to a private jeep and brought to the Pasig rotunda where the second round of investigation ensued. There Luarca suffered anew from blows and kicks dealt by all three. Unable to extract information from him on the whereabouts of his companions, one of his arresting officers drew a gun and shot Luarca in the neck, arms and torso. Ka. Orly was buried in his native Marinduque the first week of May. A week ordinarily marked by demonstrations and celebrations, extolling the working class' cause. COVER-UP When a government's express policy is to persecute and even kill its detractors, it goes without saying that implementation is complete from beginning to end. The Tantiado and Luarca were among the thousands of Filipinos who demonstrated and organized for a fair election. end is always a whitewash of the crime; a concerted attempt to protect the killers because the very existence of the government depends on their service. Such was the end for Timoy and Ka. Orly. On April 24, the regime broke its silence on the Tantiado murder. The controlled press printed the following story on Tantiado: ''There was no foul play involved in the death of the 17-year old boy. He died of natural causes. The investigation is over.'' The ''newstory'' was actually a press release from the Department of National Defense, copied word for word by all dailies. It was the first and maybe the last time Manila readers will ever hear of Teotimo Tantiado-from the Marcos side at least. Even Timoy' s autopsy report was tampered with. Col. Rolando Abadilla, best known for the "Marikina shoemaker murder,'' ordered traumatic pancreatitis changed to acute pancreatitis as if a mere change in words could satisfactorily explain how the previously healthy Timoy died suddenly of '' natural causes'' after four days of detention. Even the large bruised area directly above his pancreas, indicating heavy trauma, was labeled a birthmark. Ka. Orly's death on the other hand, was publicized as a case of self-defense. The worker martyr was actually a would-be assailant had not a quick witted trooper fired first , the military claimed. But there is another end to the tragedies of Tantiado and Luarca. An end which in the long-run will prevail over the government's whitewash. By killing Timoy and Ka. Orly, the government has not been rid of two less dissidents. On the contrary, the regime has created two more martyrs whose memories will continue to inspire the participation of many more in the resistance against the Marcos dictatorship. An account of Timoy' s life and death is being massively disseminated throughout the country, rousing public anger. Ka. Orly's death is sending waves of indignation among the restive workers' ranks. As his fellow workers put it: "Ka. Orly's death was a great loss to the genuine trade union movement and the workingman's cause but his spirit shall forever dwell in our minds. Experience has again taught us that, with Ka. Orly's unflinching commitment to the people, there is a far greater need for all workers to unite and fight for their emancipation even if they be deemed 'subversives.''• TANOD • June 1978 7 New AMLC Report A Report DEMOCRACY IN FORM, DICTATORSHIP IN SUBSTANCE HUMAN RIGHTS AND MARTIAL LAW IN THE PHILIPPINES '' Philippine dictator Ferdinand E. Marcos, whose name will long be synonymous with corruption and wanton violation of human rights, may yet pull the biggest fraud he has perpetrated so far on the Filipino people - lift martial law, without surrendering his one-man rule." So began the introductory section of the Anti- Rene Cruz, AMLC coordi- Martial Law Coalition's la- nator test release, ''Marcos' Plan To Lift Martial Law: Democracy in Form, Dictatorship in Substance." For one unfamiliar with the political shell games of the Marcos dictatorship, this assertion may seem like an uncanny prediction. Approximately two weeks after the release of the pamphlet, Marcos announced on June 12, his intention to end six years of martial law rule. What a coincidence! Written by AMLC National Coordinator Rene Cruz, the concise analysis demonstrates that even with the lifting of martial law, the Filipino people's democratic rights and freedoms- will remain suspended. The pamphlet is available for free at the following address: AMLC National Staff Office, 41-32 56th Street, Woodside, NY 11377. • The new report of the 1977 Friends of the Filipino People-Anti-Martial Law Coalition Investigating Mission to the Philippines, ''Human Rights and Martial Law in the Philippines" has assailed the facade of benign "constitutional authoritarianism'' promulgated by President Marcos. The succinct report, written by members of the mission and published by the National Resource Center On Political Prisoners in the Philippines sets forth the findings of the investigation and details current human rights violations in the Philippines, which include among other things '' ... the mockery of due process and normal legality which marked the trial of Trinidad Herrera· s torturers,'' and the frequent and systematic infliction of torture upon political detainees, ''brutal yet sophisticated enough so as to minimize permanent scars." The report corroborates the findings of the reports of Amnesty International, The International Commission of Jurists and the Association of Major Religious Superiors and goes further as the mission members recount their first hand exposure of a ''safehouse''-secret detention center where torture normally takes place after arrestand vividly relate their experience at a human rights teach-in which was brutally disrupted by water cannons and truncheon wielding police. The report, with an introduction by Representative Yvonne Brathwaite Burke (Dem.-CA) is available for $1.00 through the National Resource Center on Political Prisoners in the Philippines.• ~~~~~:v'WORSE THAN THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION' From page 4 atrocities perpetrated by the 533rd Company under the command of Major Pedro Montano: • Molito Mabute was killed on Dec. 29, 1977. Molito was mentally deranged and thus when asked if he was an NPA, responded with nods. Molito was shot for nodding at a question he did not even understand. • On January 31, 1978, a man was killed in Barangay Botoc. The man was gathering firewood when upon seeing approaching soldiers, decided to run. He was shot and brought to the barangay captain for identification. He died before he could be identified or investigated. • On January 26, 1978, a team of P. C. soldiers looted and ransacked some houses in Pinabacdao, bringing with them radios, roosters and some cash. • On January 29, 1978 a boy was maltreated in the Calbiga '' gallera,'' taken to the camp for interrogation and later shot in the evening. REFUGEE SITUATION Meanwhile, the plight of the refugees continues to worsen and their ranks, swells by the day. The refugees estimated at over 2,000, live in makeshift shanties near the town proper. Conditions are described as sub-human and disease and malnourishment are rampant. At least three children have died of El Tor, a cholera strain. Schooling has been discontinued and the evacuees are constantly hounded by fear and other anxieties. Because farming, the main source of income for this town, has ground to a standstill, the whole town is feared to experience food shortages and starvation in the months ahead. Some farmers have sneaked out of the evacuation centers at night to gather root crops in their deserted farms which remain offlimits to all but the military. The Archbishop of Calbayog and various religious groups are the only other sources of assistance for the refugees. On several occasions the Archbishop and evacuee-delegates have made representations to the regional P. C. and Army officials. They have received verbal promises but no concrete actions to date. It is believed that the complete cessation of military activity in the area could only come \\-Tith massive pressure from inside and outside the country. MASS PROTESTS HALT ATROCITIES Meanwhile in Negros, the people have turned the situation to their favor through protest actions . Fed up with the abuses of Task Force Mananaba.."'lg, some 5,000 persons staged a march and rally on March 5 of this year. The antimilitary sentiment is reportedly so widespread that the P. C. Provincial Commander of Bacolod, Col. de Villa, recently resigned. '' If the people recognize the NP A as their army, and not the AFP, then there is no reason for our existence," commented de Villa. A protest mass was even held inside the Bacolod Police Headquarters to denounce the atrocities of the AFP. Some soldiers were even moved to tears as they listened to the accounts of rape, murder and other atrocities, heaped on their fell ow N egrenses. • HELP A PRISONER • WRITE A LETTER Campaign Focus on Samar Refugees, Election Casualties In response to appeals of political prisoners for assistance in calling attention to, and immediate action on, their grievances and demands, the NRCPP ll' ill be launching letter writing campaigns to intercede on their behalf. This month, the NRCPP will focus on the specific concerns of Samar refugees and will seek justice for the deaths of Teotimo Tantiado and Orlando Luarca. We encourage all to participate. SAMPLE LETTER Salutation I am deeply concerned over the reported deaths of Teotimo Tandiado, a church worker and Orlando Luarca, a trade unionist, in the hands of your military. Tantiado was arrested on April 10 by men under the command of Col. Rolando Abadilla (Metrocom) and was discovered dead five days later. Luarca, reports say, was publicly shot by an Army soldier, Roberto Vasco on April 22 in Pasig, Rizal. If as you say. military personnel found guilty of torture will be punished, I sincerely hope your office will take action against the men involved in the deaths of Tantiado and Luarca. Furthermore, reports that the conduct of your military in Eastern Samar, has caused the evacuation of 400 families in Calbiga, deserves prompt attention. The lives of the Calbiga townfolk have been disrupted physically and economically by the presence of Task Force Leysam and the 553rd Company in their barrios. In light of these conditions, I urge your office to take action on the follo""·ing demands: 1. Cease all military operations in Eastern Samar. withdraw all forces from the area: 2. Provide adequate assistance to evacuees created by the military situation; recompense all victims of military abuse; 3. Release all those arrested. Signature JOIN US! ADOPT-A-PRISONER In return for a political prisoner dossier (which includes prisoner profile, san1ple letters and addresses of Philippine government authorities, and suggested media and fundraising approaches), I agree to send quarterly updates on all activities on behalf of our adopted prisoner to the National Resource Center on Political Prisoners in the Philippines, P. 0. Box 27118, Oakland, CA 94602, with copies of all responses received from Philippine authorities. ,-------------- ----- --- -, NCRPPP TA OD • June 197c Whom to Write The NRCPPP recommends that letters, or copies of letters be furnished to the following officials: Pres. Ferdinand Marcos Malacanang Palace, Manila Philippines Mr. Juan Ponce Enrile Department of National Defense Camp Aguinaldo, Manila Philippines Major-General Fidel Ramos Headquarters of the Philippine Constabulary Camp Crame, Quezon City Philippines Mr. Carmelo Barbero Department of National Defense Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City Philippines Mr. Jose Crisol Office of Detain~e Affairs Department of National Defense Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City Philippines In the U.S., we recommend that copies of your letters be furnished to your representative in Congress and: Ms. Pat Derian Office of Human Rights, Rm. 7802 U.S. Department of State Washington, D.C. 20520 I D I would like to join the adopt-a-prisoner cam- I I paign I : D I would like to participate in your monthly letter I P.O. Box 27118 Oakland, CA 94602 Bulk Rate U.S. Postage PAID Permit No. 3383 Oakland, Ca. writing campaigns I I D I would like to receive T ANOD and other I l publications of the NRCPPP. I I I I I Name- -------------- I 1 Address_________________ I I I Organization ________________ I l Telephone Numb_:_r _____________ _ J MONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL RESOURCE CENTER ON POLITICAL PRISONERS IN THE PHILIPPINES Volume 1, Nune• 1 April 1978 Vigilance, Protedion of Life Introducing 'TANOD' Since President Marcos declared martial law in the Philppines in 1972, over 60,000 persons have been arrested for political reasons. Brutal torture has been applied to these political prisoners systematically. Many have died in detention. Others have simply "disappeared' ' - later to be found dead. The judicial system within which political detainees are tried is that of the military tribunal - described as '' a mockery" by prominent U.S. civil rights attorney John Caughlan and as a "farce" by one reputable International Commission of Jurists observer. "Justice" is delivered by Marcos-appointed judges whose very employment depends on compliance with the will of the President. In light of these consistent and widespread violations of internationally recognized human rights which have shown no sign of subsidence although now universally acknowledge by respected nongovernmental organizations such as Amnesty International, it has become crucial to widely publicize the patterns and victims of repression in the Philippines and to initiate campaigns aimed at preventing further human rights violations. TANOD, the monthly bulletin of the National Resource Center on Political Prisoners in the Philippines is responding to this need to monitor, inform the general public on, and challenge martial law policy with regard to political dissent. TANOD, or ' 'to watch,'' broadly suggests vigilance and the protection of life in a community where just law in inoperative. The National Resource Center on Political Prisoners in the Philippines was created during the October 1977 conference of the Anti-Martial Law Coalition. The. NRCPPP is committed to generating support for Philippine prisoners through letter writing and telegram campaigns directed at the Marcos regime; fundraisers for prisoners and their families; and the dissemination of literature publicizing their plight.• INSIDE THIS ISSUE . . . Testimony of One Survivor .................. 5 Three Bicutan Detainees Escape ........... 7 Importance of International Support ...... 2 Where is Jessica? 'Salvaging' - Unofficial Death Policy Jessica Sa/,es was an active leader in the Student Christian Movement at the time of her disappearance. In August of 1977, six students and one instructor at the University of the Philippines, mysteriously disappeared. The students: Modesto "Bong" Sison, Cristina Cattalla, Rizalina Ilagan, Gerardo Faustino, Ramon Jasul, and Erwin Cruz and the instructor, Jessica Sales, were all well known among various student and academic circles in Manila. Shortly after their disappearance, verification was received of their arrest in Makati, Manila, spurring their anxious parents to scour the prisons of Metro Manila and nearby provinces. Their search ended tragically at the Lucena City Public Cemetary, on Sept. 28, 1977. The body of Bong Sison was found buried in a common grave with three others. Nearby was another grave containing three more bodies. All victims are believed to be the companions of Bong. However, only two females were found, leaving one body, believed to be that of Jessica, missing. Camp Wilhelm authorities at Lucena claimed that t~e victims were underground elements of the New People s Amy who were killed in an encounter in Mauban, Quezon on Aug. 17. However, relatives of the victims believe this to be untrue: all were seen around Manila days before their disappearance. turn to page 4 2 -:=====::::::::::::..=--=-~~....::::::::-- ============================================================~T~'.A~N~0~1J~•~A~p~r~il~1~9~78 EDITORIAL: International SupP-ort cannot be Underestimated MASS PRESSURE BLUNTS REPRESSION -~- . :..:: .. / .." -~~,-1\i~t~-., it-,;11\rr· · .,.,.,~ .'.tj· Vemonstration in front of Philippine Consulate in Francisco, protests the conviction of Aquino, Buscayno Corpuz. San and Oftentimes, grim news of a massacre, murder or torture account, draws a mixed reaction of anger, fear, and helplessness among those of us who are concerned, yet too distant from the Philippine situation. As more and more accounts of these deplorable crimes appear in print, we face the danger of turning numb and apathetic towards the plight of those in most need of help. ''What can we do, the odds are insurmountable?" is a common sentiment. But if we simply ponder the question, "What can we do" and seriously think of the various ways to assist, we would already be exercising our responsibility towards our imprisoned brothers and sisters. INTERNATIONAL PRESSURE PAYS-OFF The effect of international pressure on the regime cannot be underestimated. Since the release of the Association of Major Religious Superiors Study on Political Prisoners (Part 1 and 2); the Amnesty International Report (1976); the State Department Report which confirmed the findings of the two previous studies; and the report of the Human Rights Investigating Mission to the Philippines; the Marcos dictatorship has been put on the defensive. With its naked use of repression exposed internationally, the Marcos regime could not resort to torture with the same impunity and openess, as before. To do so would be to invite a barrage of criticism from abroad. The importance of exerting international pressure has been underscored by two significant victories: the release of Trinidad Herrera, a well known civil rights activist, and the suspension of the death sentences meted Benigno Aquino, Victor Corpuz and Bernabe Buscayno. In the case of the former, letters and cables denouncing the torture of Ms. Herrera resulted in her immediate release. With ..- '\quino, Corpuz, and Buscayno, the torrent of protest - demonstrations and angry letters - which followed their conviction, forced the Marcos regime to suspend their trial. Other prisoners have also benefited from regular and timely assistance of foreign friends.Delia Delica Luneta, Elena Quinto, Isabelita Guillermo, Eliseo Telles, Jr., Dr. Roger Posadas, and Dr. Dante Simbulan, were either released or transferred to better detention quarters, due to the persistent efforts of sympathizers abroad. U .S.-based organizations, such as the Friends of the Filipino People and the Anti-Martial Law Coalition have met much success in their efforts to raise funds for and ventilate the plight of political prisoners. If these groups and individuals have met some measure of success in their efforts to check the abuses of the Ma_rco~ military, imagine what could be done with your active input. REPRESSION INHERENT IN DICTATORSHIP While international pressure can not be underestimated, neither can we expect miracles to result from it. Repression is necessary to prop up a dictatorship which does not enjoy popular support. By its very nature, the Marcos regime cannot be expected to dispense with repression altogether; otherwise it would collapse overnight. But, because the regime wants international acceptance so badly and realizes that its repressive reputation is a drawback, it cannot use repression with such impunity as to antagonize and shock the democratic sensibilities of other countries. The regime's obsession with cosmetizing its image abroad, is therefore its weakest point. For example, in the interest of improving its image, the regime has vowed to uphold human rights, prosecute torturers, improve prison conditions, release political detainees, and propel the country towards normalization. To date, Marcos has not substantially implemented any of these promises. Being amongst the very peoples Marcos hopes to impress, we find ourselves in the excellent position of putting Marcos' promises to test. For every victim of torture, for every death and disappearance, we can pointedly accuse Marcos before the court of world opinion, of total disregard for human rights. And since world opinion seems to be one of Marcos' greater fears, he faces no choice but to bow to international pressure or risk eroding his image even further. YOU COULD MAKE A DIFFERENCE Thus while we hold no illusions that the Marcos regime would reform its repressive ways, we have a healthy optimism that our supportive efforts abroad will blunt the effects of repression. Actions such as letter writing and telegram campaigns, fundraisers, pressure to end U.S. military aid to the Marcos regime, educational forums, and demonstrations when necessary, will go a long way towards the abatement of repression and alleviation of the political prisoners' plight. Past actions such as these have been acknowledged by prisoners themselves, particularly those detained at the Bicutan Rehabilitation Center. By making known your concern over a torture report to your government representatives and to the Marcos dictatorship, you would have already contributed concretely towards alleviating the condition of the prisoner concerned. Your letter and those of your friends and relatives could mean the difference between a prisoner spending a day or a week more in a torture chamber. • BE CONCERNED, GET INVOLVED, JOIN US! TANOD • April 1978 3 Demand for Disclosure Sison Whereabouts Remain Unknown The Sison 's in 1961. Juliet de LimaSison has been charged with subversion along with 54 others, while Jose Ma. Sison is being held incommuicado in an undisclosed detention center. Despite the wide publicity accorded the capture of Jose Ma. Sison, alleged chairman of the Communist Party of the Philippines,last Nov. 8, the Marcos regime has remained silent on the whereabouts of Sison. Virtually no news on Sison' s condition has been reported, although the local media continues to brag about the crippling blows dealt the resistance movement with Sison' s capture. However, unconfirmed reports that Sison is being kept in bartolina (isolation) and is tortured regularly, continues to circulate. Sison was sentenced for six days and starved for another two following his arrest. An appeal by his mother, Mrs. Florentina Sison to Pres. Marcos that she be allowed to see her son as a Christmas present, was denied. Meanwhile, Juliet de Lima Sison, Jose's wife and alleged ranking member of the CPP, was brought to trial on March 7 along with 54 others on charges of subversion. Ms. Sison has entered a plea of not guilty and has Aguinol Buscaynol Cor~uz accused the military of denying her access to counsel. Staff members of Sison's who were captured with him, Reynaldo Reynosa and Ester Cineza, were recently released from the bartolina section of the Bicutan Reahbilitation Center, leaving one, Sylvia Sales, unaccounted for. With Sales and Sison still languishing in bartolina and the military mum on any information about them, the signs look ominous. Under the dreaded bartolina section, prisoners are separately kept in dark and damp cubicles and are made to sleep in crouching positions for lack of space. They are denied visits from their immediate family and contact with other prisoners, for weeks or months. Oftentimes, their names are excluded from the official list of persons currently detained, to relieve the military of any responsibility for their treatment and whereabouts. Telegrams and letters demanding humane treatment for these prisoners and the disclosure of their whereabouts are strongly urged.•· Reopened Military Trial Called to Halt Bernabe Buscayno, Victor Corpuz and Benigno Aquino hear guilty verdict and death' sentence at Nov. 9th, 1977 hearing. In a surprise move, the Philippine Supreme Court with lack of respect. Supreme Court called a halt to the re- The hearings had reopened Decemopened military trial of Senator Benig- her 5 at the Fort Bonifacio Military no Aquino, Bernabe Buscayno and Camp to reconsider the cases of the Victor Corpuz, December 15. The only three. These three political prisoners explanation offered was by Chief Jus- had been sentenced to death November tice Fred Ruiz Castro who claimed that 25 by a Marcos controlled military the military tribunal had treated the tribunal in an act defying all legal precedent. Responding to international outcry, President Marcos ordered a new military trial for Senator Aquino, Buscayno, alleged chief of the underground New People's Army (NPA) and former armed forces Lieutenant Corpuz. The defendants had challenged the military tribunal to examine its C(jnscience and decide if it could give them a fair trial after having already sentenced them to death by firing squad. The seven member tribunal responded by rejecting these requests that it disqualify itself. Col. Marciano Bacalla of the tribunal replied that the seven members were not rehearing the case but only receiving additional evidence in a special procedure directed by the President, and that the court did not regard its previous verdict as vacated or set aside. The proceedings were monitored by two foreign lawyers of the International Commission of Jurists, San Francisco attorney George Davis and Australian John Dowd. Davis described the tribunal hearings as a "farce," announced he could not remain neutral, and that he was returning to the U.S. to organize a defense committee. • 4 TANOD • April 1978 HARRASSMENT FAILS Prisoner Released After 3 Months Susan Tagle, an ex-detainee speaks before Aug. 28, 1977 rally on Human Rights: ''Ours is a struggle for genuine freedom and democracy, and I'm proud to be part of it. '' from paget In the same month, the strangulated bodies of Virgilio ''Beer'' Silva and Salvador Panganiban were found dumped in a ravine in Tagaytay, Cavite. The August murders sent waves of fright and indignation among activist ranks, for it signalled the beginning of the conscious and systematic use of ''salvaging'' as the means to eliminate suspected subversives. ~ THE UNOFFICIAL DEATH PENALTY In the past few months, a number of deaths at the hands of the military have been reported from various sections of the country which has led to the speculation as to whether the expose of torture in the years 197 4 to 1977 has not led to a new trend, that of eliminaton of detainees. This speculation is borne out by the facts; since the declaration of martial law, an estimated 120 persons have disappeared or were killed while under military custody. Of this figure, 58 deaths and disappearances have occured in 1977 alo_ne, including the disappearance of some 40 persons in troubled Agusan del Sur. In almost all of these cases, the military tried to justify their actions by saying that these people attempted to escape or to fight back, hence they were shot. But circumstances surrounding the deaths reveal that they were killed unarmed. The military refers to this manner of elimination as ''salvaging.'' The verb Continuing evidence suggests that the arrest and harrassment of Philippine political detainees is in fact not achieving one of its intended results - intimidation. In a recent letter from expolitical detainee, University of the Philippines student Susan Tagle, an account of imprisonment is followed by a committment to further political and human rights work: ''I was arrested September 24, 1977 at about 6:00 pm at the lobby of the University of the Philippines Arts and Sciences Building. They had no warrant of arrest on hand, but they insisted upon taking me to the Security Division (SD) Headquarters where I waited for 1 hour while they fetched the Arrest, Search and Seizure Order from Camp Crame . . . After the SD, I was taken to Metrocom Intelligence Security Group to ''salvage'' means to '' save whatever is left,'' in its dictionary meaning. The Philippine military however, has given the term a new meaning. According to reports from Mindanao some military officials were reportedly overheard to say "We're tired of bringing cases to court.'' A similar statement was reportedly made by a high ranking military official of the II PC Zone Command a few months ago: '' There will be no more political detainees.'' It was in the II PC Zone a few months ago, where Bong Sison and his companions were killed. What is alarming about these incidents is that the death penalty can be given and executed "unofficially" apart from the normal legal processes in a country in which the courts are supposedly functioning. WHERE IS JESSICA? Meanwhile, Jessica's whereabouts remain a mystery. Some sources believe she is being kept in a military saf ehouse and purport that she was seen at least four times in the company of military men around the Greater Manila area and as far away as Mindoro. These sources believe Jessica may have been spared because of the military' s tendency not to unduly harm prominent personalities. A research associate at the U niversity of the Philippines in Los Banos, Jessica was also an active leader in the Philippine Student Christian Moveand turned over to them. Then I was made to strip before a male medical officer. I spent the night at Camp Crame and was transferred to Bi cu tan Rehabilitation Center the next day ... Charges were dismissed in November. I was not interrogated until late November. I was questioned only once. And then I was released on December 14 at about 11 :00 pm. ' 'I'm very proud, really, of the fact I was a political prisoner. I guess now I know that I've done something even something very small, for my country. And my detention won't stop me from pursuing our cause, and won't scare me off. We are in the midst of a struggle that is too important to simply turn my back on. Ours is a struggle for freedom and for true democracy, and I'm proud to be a part of it.''• ment and represented the Philippines in Christian conferences in Malaysia and Hong Kong, two months before she disappeared. Other sources, however, confirm her death based on the government's release of a ' 'piece of evidence.'' A letter ascribed to Jose Ma. Sison, alleged Chairman of the Communist Party of the Philippines, claims Jessica was killed in an encounter. Many doubt the authenticity of the letter and believe that the military is only using Sison' s name to lend credibility to the encounter story. But the mere use of this hoax, bolsters the belief that Jessica was indeed a victim of a rubout. Whatever the fate Jessica may have met in the hands of the military, her case deserves prompt investigation. Human rights groups and concerned individuals must not allow the Philippine's military to get away with thelie that Jessica was just another encounter casualty. Protest letters and cablegrams urging the following are strongly recommended. 1. Divulge the whereabouts of Jessica Sales; execute a full civilian investigation of her disappearance and the deaths of her six companions. 2. Investigate and put an end to ''salvaging'' as a standard operating procedure. In particular, target the II PC Zone Command under Brig. Gen. Alfredo Montoya for being the worst offenders. • TANOD • April 1978 ------·---------------------- 5 ADORA FAYE DE VERA TESTIMONY OF ONE SURVIVOR- (For nearly a year, Adora Faye de Vera, was on the missing persons list of the Task Force on Detainees. Together with two others, Adora was last seen at the Philippine National Railway Station in Tutuban, Metro Manila. After futile inquiries by the TFD, the three were assumed dead. At the risk of endangering her life, Adora emerged to tell of her experiences of torture at the hands of the 2nd Military Intelligence Group headed by Capt. Eduardo Sebastian - Editor) I am Adora Faye E. de Vera, a graduate of the Philippine Science High School and former NSDB scholar at the University of the Philippines, residing at 71 Malakas Street, Pinahan, Quezon City, 22 years old, married with one son. At around 11 o'clock on the evening of October 1, 1976, at the PNR station at Lucena City, while I was aboard a Mayon Limited train to Bicol, I was taken, together with two other persons, by plainclothesmen whom I learned later were elements of the 2MIG, 2CSU, and 231 st PC Company. I learned later that my two companions were Rolando Federis y Morallo and Flora Coronacion, residents of Project 4, Quezon City and Real, Quezon, respectively. We were dragged from the train to a waiting ambulance which took us to an unlighted three-door apartment somewhere in Lucena City. Our heads were pushed down onto the laps of the men and our eyes covered during the trip, so we could not tell exactly where the apartment was located. Here, Rolando and Flora were made to stand against the wall and subjected to a body search and when nothing illegal in nature was found, we were promptly separated into the three rooms where we were interrogated. I refused to answer any questions and requested that I see my parents first, because I was not yet of legal age. I also requested that the men identify themselves and their motives, thinking at first that we had been kidnapped. One of them identifed himself simply as a peace officer and member of an intelligence group. He promised to notify my parents as soon as curfew is lifted. However, they continued asking questions and when I refused to answer, one officer, whom I got to know later as Captain Eduardo P. Sebastian ordered me to strip in the presence of more or less 20 men, while he flashed a lamp several times on my face, preventing my eyes from getting used to the darkness. He threatened to subject me to further sexual indignities if I continued to deny their accusation. Rolando Federis, who was in the room next to mine, was punched several times to reveal my alleged subversive activities. At around 2:00 o'clock AM on October 2, I was allowed to dress and the three of us were taken to a former beer garden at the third floor of Samurai Health Temple and Massage Parlor at Juarez Street comer Quezon Avenue. Here Rolando was punced, kicked, and stabbed with a screwdriver several times until he lost consciousness. He was then doused with cold water and when he recovered. He was again punched, kicked and stab bed by several men, among them Major Escracha, Lt. Luis Beltran, TSgt. Florante Macatangay, Cpl. Charlie Tolopia, Cpl. Albert Trapal, Major Diamante, Pfc. Alex Estores, Pfc, Pablito Pesquisa, a certain Bong, a certain Jing and a certain Severino. Several officers took turns in questioning me and Maj. Escracha pointed a gun at my temple, threatening to shoot me if I did not answer. I was punched thrice in the stomach and forearm and slapped several times by Col. Alejandro Gallido when I denied their accusations. We were finally allowed to sleep at 4 o'clock AM. Rolando was placed inside a windowless room, a former storeroom which now served as their bartolina. He was allowed to go out only when performing his personal necessities, and was guarded even inside the comfort room. All three of us were not allowed to go near the windows or to Rolando Fideris, 24, and a tailor, has been missing for 17 months. talk with each other. During the following days, Flora was frequently taken inside a small room next to the bartolina, where she was continually interrogated by Welen Escudero. Rolando was allowed to come near us only to wash dishes after meals. On October 9, at around 2 o'clock PM, Capt. Sebatian ordered me to take off my pants, and not to put them on until I gave the information he wanted. I was ordered to stand in the center of the room, Rolando Federis, stripped naked, was taken from the bartolina, made to stand before me, and ordered to masturbate. When we refused, he was whipped several times on the genitals with a broom (walls tingting) while Cpl. Trapal, Cpl. Tolopia, Pfc. Pesquisa and others laughed and shouted obscenities at him. We were allowed to sit down only around 5: 00 o'clock PM and forced to make a write-up about our alleged subversive activities. Rolando was again punched when he refused. He was cuffed hand and foot to a chair and not allowed to sleep the whole night. Cpl. Trapal constantly punched, whipped or tickled him whenever he stopped writing. When Capt. Sebastian arrived the next day, he kicked Rolando several times on the face and threatened to kill us all if we continued to insist on our innocence. I was ordered to enter the room next to the bartolina where Capt. Sebastian ordered Cpl. Trapal to undress, preparatory to raping me. I was also made to take off my underwear, and threatened to be raped if I did not give any information. According to turn to page 6 6 ADORA: 'A Matter of Life and Death' frompage5 Capt. Sebastian, we were to be killed anyway, they might as well exploit while still alive. After some time, I was ordered to stand before Rolando, and Capt. Sebastian even said, ''Huwag mo namang sabihing madamot ako, pinakikita ko rin naman sa iyo." (Don't say I'm selfish, I let you have a look, also.) When Rolando tried to talk to me, he was placed prone on the floor and Cpl. Charlie Tolopia, W elen Escudero and several other person kicked and punched him. The following days, we were still not allowed to dress. Rolando had to sleep naked on the cold cement floor without any beddings. Cpl. Trap al and a civilian called Severino P. took turns in burning my fingernails and toenails with cigaretes, stroking my thighs and pulling the hairs off my knees and legs. On Oct. 13, Cpl. Charlie Tolopia and a civilain named Rodolfo took me to the bartolina where Cpl. Trapal and Severino P. subjected me to sexual indignities, touching my private parts while uttering obscenities. On October 14, I was raped by Capt. Eduardo Sebastian as his method of extracting information. Because I had no information to give, I was abused sexually from 12: 00 o'clock noon to past three PM. After this, I was also made to undress by Capt. Jesus Calaunan, and later that evening by Lt. Joseph Malilay. When Flora Coronacion was finally allowed to talk with me that evening, she confided that she had been raped the previous days by W elen Escudero and Florante Macatangay. After supper, she was taken to the small room by Pfc. Alex Estores, and when she came out crying, she confided again to me that she was raped. On Octboer 16 and 17, Capt. Sebastian threatened to rape me again, still on the pretext of extracting information. He challenged me to file charges against him after I am released, "just to see how far the government will support the efforts of the intelligence community." At around 8 PM, October 17, Lt. Joseph Malilay notified us that Rolando Federis and Flora Coronacion were to be transferred that evening, and he instructed them to take just a few pieces of clothing. He then ordered me to get into the room next to the bartolina, so that I would not see who would take my two companions. That was to be left behind for further interrogation. Also present during the tirhe were Major Escracha, Capt. Caluanan, and Capt. Sebastian. On Oct. 18, Capt. Sebatian and Lt. Malilay both tried to rape me but stopped in the presence of other persons. On October 23, Lt. Malilay attempted to rape me and when I resisted, he hit me several times on the face, I was sent careening across the room. At around 2 o'clock AM, November 2, I was blindfolded and taken to another safehouse, which I learned later was located in Manila, at 2010 Nuestra Senora del Carmen, Guadalupe, Makati. Here, I was again strictly prohibited from going near the windows, and frequently kept inside one room, hidden from other military personnel who were not concerned with my case. On November 12, Capt. Sebastian kept pressuring me to accept my guilt and to promise not to report anything that happened to me, as a matter of life and death." According to him, "Your two companions were under military custody. They did not escape, but now they are missing. You know the implications.'' From the time I was apprehended, TANOD • April 1978 all my requests for medicine during asthmatic attacks, requests to notify my parents, requests for legal counsel, and to at least be transferred to a proper detention center, were denied, and I was again taken to their safehouse at Samurai Health Temple, Lucena City, on December 16, 1976. During this whole time, Capt. Sebastian would take liberties with me whenever he pleased. On March 11, 1977, I was forced to sign a ready-made nine page sworn statement dated November 3, 1976 at Lucena City, subscribed by Fiscal Escueta. Capt. Sebastian made it clear to me that I had no other choice, as he has said before, on November 12. I was also made to sign other papers which they said were requisites for my release. I was released on June 30, 1977, but I was not given any release papers. I learned upon release that Task Force Detainee has listed me as missing, together with Rolando Federis and Flora Coronacion, but I could not seek help from said task force because I feared for my life and security, knowing very well what happened to my two companions. During my bi-weekly reports to Capt. Sebastian, I was constantly threatened by the papers I signed, although the military has always been quick to say that there were just ' 'reminders.'' Rolando Rd eris, age 24, and Flora Coronacion, 18 are still missing as of this date and indications are strong that • they were killed. The brutal torture and afterwards killing of persons still untried by due process may shock our democratic sensibilities, but what is more striking is that everything that happened to us was done under the full knowledge, with express approval and personal participation of the senior and junior officers concerned. In this connection, I would like to appeal for your aid in the following actions. 1. Render null and void, all papers I signed, because these were signed under duress and with false promises. 2. Prosecute the following officers and men for acts ranging from maltreatment and lasciviousness to rape and murder, and all other irregularities and illegalities connected with our apprehension and detention. Col. Alejandro Gallido, former group commander, 2 MIG, ISAFP; Major Escracha, Assistant Group Commander, 2 MIG, ISAFP; Major Diamante, 2 MIG, ISAFP; Capt. Eduardo P. Sebastian, Team Leader of GT205, 2 MIG, ISAFP;, Lt. Joseph Malilay, former company commander, 231st PC Company; Lt. Luis Beltran, 2 MIG, ISAFP; Capt. Jesus Caluanan, 2CSU; Cpl. turn to page 7 TANOD • April 1978 7 --------------=-=-=-=-=-,=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-======:-=============================================; ALMOST SALVAGED NUN ESCAPES CAPTORS In mid-January 1978, at about 11:00 a.m., a religious sister was apprehended in Marikina by two military men and made to get into a car at gunpoint. The car sped from Marikina down Aurora Boulevard and finally to an area near the Folk Arts Theatre. During the ride, Sister was constantly asked the names of people she had worked with in her home province where she had done community work before she entered the order. Upon arrival at the Folk Arts Center area, the two military men threatened to bum her if she would not cooperate with them. They got out of the car and opened the trunk to get the gasoline which they said, they would douse her with. Sister quickly turned the ignition key and began to drive away with the two men running after her. After some 300 ft. or so, Sister jumped from the car and ran toward the water where she jumped in and swam to an area wher she could hang onto. She remained there for several hours until it was dark at which time she emerged from the water and boarded a cab and headed for her convent. She could have been another salvage victim. • ADORA: Prevent iniustice frompage6 Charlie Tolopia, GT205, 2 MIG; Cpl. Albert Trapal, GT205, 2 MIG; TSgt. Florante Macatangay, GT205, 2 MIG; Pfc. Pablito Pesquisa, GT205, 2 MIG; Welen Escudero, civilian employee, GT205; Severino P. and Rodolfo, both of Pagbilao, Quezon; and all others concerned with our apprehension and detention. 3. Locate the whereabouts of Rolando Federis and Flora Coronacion and demand a full investigation of the officers concerned with their custody. 4. Expose torture and liquidation as a policy or method of operation of the 2nd Military Intelligence Group and other connected units, to general public oprmon m safeguarding our human rights. 5. Seek aid from Amnesty International and other like international organizations concerned with cases like lmP-risonecl without Charges 3 DETAINEES ESCAPE Bicutan Rehabilitation Center is located in a remote area, outlying Manila. Rather than await the mercy of their captors, three political prisoners from the Bicutan Rehabilitation Center, staged a clever escape last Dec. 24. The three, Eugenia Magpantay, Alfonso Abrazado and Agaton Topacio, took advantage of the Christmas season, when prison authorities are relatively more lenient on prisoner rights and privileges. Magpantay and Topacio staged their escape by securing Christmas Eve passes to visit their f am iii es and friends. Although escorted, the two managed to elude their security guard, and have since re-joined the . mme. I am now with the peasant masses, it is here where I feel my security can be guaranteed. I wish to express my sincere and heartfelt thanks to . . . for their efforts in locating us, and I am confident that this organization will help me again. I am sure all civic and religious organizations ever vigilant in keeping alive our human rights and civil liberties will be of great help in bringing justice to our case, and preventing similar incidents from happening in the future. If you would want added clarification on my case, the peasant masses would urban underground movement. Abrazado on the other hand, invited the prison guard to join him in a drinking binge. During their drinking session, Abrazado managed to get the guard so inebriated, that when he turned sober the following day, Abrazado was nowhere to be found. A few weeks later, Abrazado sent word to his former prison companions, that he has joined the peasant struggle in the countryside. Magpantay, Topacio and Abrazado were all victims of torture and have spend an average of 2 to 3 years in prison without any charges.• be very willing to arrange a meeting. If, however, this would be very difficult for you, my parents, Atty. Julian de Vera and Candida de Vera, can be of help in giving necessary information regarding my personal history until the time I was under military custody and declared missing. I swear the everything stated in this affidavit is the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth, to the best of my knowledge. Done on this twentysixth day of December, in the year of our Lord, nineteen hundred and seventy- seven. • Sgd. Adora Faye E. De Vera 8 TANOD • April 1978 r-------- ----------::::-::::-::::-::::-::::-::::-::::-::::-::::-::::-::::-::::-::::-::::-::::-::::-.:::-::::-::::-::::-::::-.:::-::::-~~::::-~~::::-::::-::::-::::--.---~_-_-_::-_::-..::-.::::::::-.::::::::::::==---_:::-...:::-..::-.::::.::::.::::.::::::::-::::-::::-::::::::::::==-~ • HELP A PRISONER . WRITE A LETTER • Sison, Sales, De Vera Focus of Campaign In response to appeals of political prisoners for assistance in calling attention to and immediate action on their grievances and demands, the National Resource Center on Political Prisoners in the Philippines will be launching telegram and letter writing campaigns supporting these demands. These campaigns will be directed at Pres. Marcos and other top ranking officials of the Marcos military. Copies of these letters will also be furnished to the U.S. government as well as humanitarian organizations such as Amnesty International, urging them to exert pressure on the Marcos regime to take action on prisoner's complaints and demands. This month, the NRCP PP will focus its campaign on the specific concerns of Jose Ma. Sison, Sylvia Sales, Adora Faye de Vera, and Jessica Sales. We encourage aU our readers to participate in this campaign which only amounts to sparing a few hours of a day to write your letter. Below is a sample letter from which you could base your draft. Participants are also requested to furnish the center with a copy and to forward subsequent response of the Philippine or U.S. governments. SAMPLE LETTER Pres. Ferdinand E. Marcos Malacanang Palace. Manila, Philippines Mr. President: I am deeply disturbed by the recurrent reports of torture of political prisoners, despite your avowals of your governments respect for human rights. Recently, I have been informed that Jose Ma. Sison, and Sylvia Sales are being held incommunicado at an undisclosed detention center. They have been denied access to legal counsel and contact with their immediate and feared to be tortured regularly. Even worse was the treatment meted Adora Faye de Vera and Jessica Sales. The former was a survivor of "salvaging," or in your military's parlance, the unexplained disappearance and death of political prisoners. Her two other companions at the time of her arrest, Rolando FidE .. is and Flora Coronacion are feared to be dead. Jessica Sales on the other hand, who was apprehended on August 1977, with six others, all of whom are confirmed dead, is still missing. In view of these deplorable crimes, I urge your office to take action on the following demands: 1. Disclose the whereabouts of Jose Ma. Sison and Sylvia Sales; allow them access to legal counsel and the immediate family, and insure their humane treatment. 2. Explain the whereabouts of Jessica Sales. Order a full civilian investigation of the deaths of her six companions and the suspected murder of Rolano Fideris and Flora Coronacion. 3. Put an end to salvaging, in particular prosecute officers of the II PC Zone Command and the 2nd Military Intelligence Group. Prosecute all officers involved in the torture of Adora Faye de Vera. ..._ · ·{nature Copies of your letter should be sent to: Defense Sec. Juan Ponce Enrile, Camp Aquinaldo, Quezon City, Philippines Ms. Pat Derian, Office for Human Rights-Rm. 7802, U.S. Dept. of State, Washington, D.C.20520 Amnesty International, 53 Theobalds Rd., Loru:lon, WCIX 8 SF, United Kingdom NCRPPP A ReP-ort HUMAN RIGHT and MARTIAL LAW ii the PHILIPPINES The new report of the 1977 Friends of the Filipino People-Anti-Martial Law Coalition Investigating Mission to the Philippines, ''Human Rights and Martial Law in the Philippines'' has assailed the facade of benign '' constitutional authoritarianism'' promulgated by President Marcos. The succinct report, written by members of the mission and published by the National Resource Center on Political Prisoners in the Philippines sets forth the findings of the investigation and details current human rights violations in the Philippines, which incl~de among other things ''. . . the mockery of due process and normal legality which marked the trial of Trinidad Herrera's torturers'', and the frequent and systematic infliction of torture upon political detainees, ''brutal yet sophisticated enough so as to minimize permanent scars.'' The report corroborates the findings of the reports of Amnesty International, The International Commission of Jurists and the Association of Major Religious Superiors and goes further as the mission members recount their first hand exposure of a '' saf ehouse'' - secret detention center where torture normally takes place I after arrest- and vividly relate their experience at a human rights teach-in which was brutally disrupted by water cannons and truncheon wielding police. The report, with an introduction by Representative Yvonne Brathwaite Burke [Dem.-Ca.] is available for $1. 00 through the National Resource Center on Political Prisoners in the Philippines. • JOIN US! Write to the NRCPPP indicating the following: P .0. Box 27118 Oakland, CA 94602 Bulk Rate U.S. Postage PAID Permit No. 3383 Oakland, Ca. Name Address ------------------ ( Check boxes) □ I would like to receive T ANOD and your other publications regularly. □ I would like to join your letter writing campaign. □ I would like to donate to the Political Prisoners Fund. ' Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tanod Publication & Logo (Fenkell Papers, Box 1, Folder 20) Subject The topic of the resource Political prisoners Torture--Philippines New People's Army (Philippines) Description An account of the resource This folder contains various issues of Tanod, detailing political prisoners in the Philippines, interfered elections, & Philippine military operations against the New People's Army Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Anti-Martial Law Coalition Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1978 June Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/CNE/1.0/?language=en">COPYRIGHT NOT EVALUATED NON-COMMERCIAL USE PERMITTED </a>For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at <a href="mailto:ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu">ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu</a>. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG, PDF Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa012_s001_f020 ucdw_wa012_s001_0350-0368 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fenkell Family collection Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1MY_SP8gHJOElcG13AzExPmna4KzUf64I?usp=sharing">JPG Images</a> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1eVNcA9ljM50H302belg98M5H1a_5FX4g/view?usp=sharing">PDF</a> Document Text Document text TALIBA (News Flash/ Commentary ) A Publication of the COALITION AGAINST THE MARCOS DICTATORSHIP (formerly the Anti-Martial Law Coalition-Philippines, AMLC) Volume VI, Number 1 January, 1982 FREE US-RP Extradition Treaty CIVIL LIBERTIES OF U.S. FILIPINOS IN DANGER LET'S EXTRADITE THOSE MS. - BASED REBELS AND LET THEM VOICE THEIR COMPLAINTS IN MY FACE . Filipinos in the United States are faced with an imme- the power to determine whether an act is political or diate danger. The Marcos government and the Reagan not. As everyone knows, Marcos can have a heyday with this administration are preparing the ground for an extradition provision alone! process which will enable the dictatorship to retaliate Even if ratified, the treaty can not be immediately against its critics here. Extradition is a process by which a implemented because some of its provisions contradict the person in another country is arrested and sent to the present U.S. Extradition law. However, Marcos' friends are requesting country to face trial. Once in operation, this coming to the rescue. The State Department is working with extradition process could inhibit the free expression of Congress conservatives such as Sen. Strom Thurmond to political beliefs in the Filipino community here. It could change this law so that it can accomodate the US-RP mean the legalized extension of martial rule to the communi- treaty and others like it. There are now bills (HR 5227; SB ty in the U.S. 1639) prepared by the State Department and its allies pending in Congress which if passed will transfer the power REPRESSION BY EXTRADITION to determine whether a crime is political or not, from the The US-RP Extradition Treaty now awaiting ratification in courts to the Secretary of State. In addition, if the bills the Senate will make it possible for Marcos to ask for the become law. a person accused of an extraditable crime can extradition of Filipino and U.S. citizens deemed to have be immediately jailed for up to 60 days-at the mere committed acts that are considered crimes by both the request of a foreign government! Philippines and the U.S. These include crimes which are not listed in the treaty and which the two governments may even FM ITCHING FOR EXTRADITION have different names for. Also. a person who may not even Yet Marcos has not even waited for the treaty to be have set foot in the Philippines could be extradited if ratified to begin extradition proceedings against U.S. based charged with conspiracy, for example. In extradition procee- opponents. On Jan. 5, Marcos issued arrest warrants for 40 dings, hearsay is accepted evidence. The US-RP treaty persons many of whom are living in the U.S. (Bulletin supposedly excludes political crimes from extradition. Today, 1/6/82). The list includes Benigno Aquino, MFP's But it allows the Executive Branches of both countries Raul Manglapus. Steve Psinakis and CAMD's Rene Cruz. The wanted persons are accused of terrorist bombings FILIPINO COMMUNITY MUST RESIST and/or being members of "subversive groups". Manila The impact of the extradition treaty on the Filipino announced that the extradition of the U.S. residents will community is clear. It is not enough that the Consulates are begin as soon as the treaty is ratified, and of course, as soon already functioning as spy networks in the community-the as the U.S. extradition law is changed. Clearly, with the treaty calls on U.S. state agencies to descend on politically treaty Marcos is not so much interested in going after active Filipinos at the request of the Marcos regime. Just the businessman who are running away from debts, but after his thought of being investigated by the FBI for possible political opponents. extradition is already traumatic for most people. The treaty How did Marcos determine who should be extradited? will strengthen Marcos' capacity to intimidate the commu- With the direct assistance of Sec. Haig who helped arrange nity into silence. Already politically timid, the community the current Grand Jury and FBI investigations of the will be further discouraged from exercising their democratic Psinakises in connection with the Manila bombings. He had rights here. The negative effect of this will be felt not only in other equally appaling assistance as well. To prove that Phil.-related political activities but even in the struggle others who may not be linked to the bombings are "subver- against discrimination. sives" nonetheless, Marcos used the testimony of LA The CAMD is not going to stand by and let the Reagan- Consul Armando Fernandez. The consul admitted in a Marcos assault bulldoze the community's democratic rights Manila court that part of his job is to spy on community without a fight. It has launched the National Committee in activities here. The subversive group he says, includes the Opposition to the US-RP Extradition Treaty which KDP, AMLC (now CAMD), and the MFP. He reported that includes many Filipino community leaders as well as well- their "subversive activities" include demonstrations, the respected scholars and personalities such as Richard Falk, distribution of literature critical of the regime, fundraising Professor of International Law at Princeton, Nobel laureate for anti-Marcos groups back home and "festivals called George Wald and actor Edward Asner, president of the Philippine National Day." The grim message then is, even Screen Actors Guild. The Committee is asking everyone to for constitutionally protected activities that Fernandez write letters to the Senate opposing the extradition treaty reported, one can be the target of extradition. and the proposed changes in the extradition law (see addresses below). Even if the treaty pushes through, the IT'S PART OF U.S. FOREIGN POLICY CAMD will fight every attempt by Reagan and Marcos to Why is the Reagan administration cooperating in the use it for political ends. importation of martial rule to the U.S. Filipino community? The CAMD is calling on all Filipinos to defend their It fits in very nicely with his own foreign policy. When he democratic rights by exercising them. Consulate spies must declared war on "international terrorism" he did not mean be exposed, isolated and ostracized. All attempts by US war with Marcos, Chile's Pinochet, S. Korea's Chun, Haiti's agencies to harass people for their political beliefs must be Duvalier or El Salvador's Duarte who are all protecting U.S. made public. The extradition treaty must be defeated. The interests in their respective countries. Reagan meant war CAMD has always said that U.S. Filipinos are very much a on their opponents, whose resistance to dictatorial rule is part of the fight for freedom in the homeland. The Marcos- now being painted with the broad brush of "terrorism". Reagan attempt to muzzle the community is driving home Resistance to America's dictator friends, under Reagan's this very point. The Filipino community must show that it foreign policy, is now being called a crime-not a political has no intention of abandoning the people back home. It act. No wonder Sec. of State Alexander Haig supported the must staunchly oppose the US-RP Extradition Treaty and proposed changes in the extradition law by telling Congress Reagan's unjust foreign policy. that these changes are crucial if the U.S. is to be able to honor its "international obligations." Filipinos are not the only victims of this foreign policy. Already, Salvadoran and Haitian refugees are being deported DOWN with the MARCOS DICTATORSHIP: back to certain persecution and even death. The recently STOP U.S. AID! imprisoned U.S.-based anti-Duvalier rebels will be facing STOP REAGAN'S SUPPORT FOR MARCOS! extradition. Meanwhile, the "friendly" anti-Castro terrorists who are openly training in Florida are left untouched. Reagan is also reviewing other extradition treaties "to modernize" them, which means the democratic rights of many more communities are going to be undermined. Oppose House Bill 5227 Oppose the Ratification of the US-RP Extradition Write to: Treaty House Judiciary Committee Write to: Sub-Committee on Crime Senate Foreign Relations Committee c/o Cong. William Hughes c/o Sen. Charles Percy U.S. Congress U.S. Congress Washington.D.C. 20501 Washington. D.C. 20501 IPASA PAGKABASA PASS ON TO A FRIEND COALITION AGAINST THE Contact your Local CAMD: MARCOS DICTATORSHIP (CAMD) (formerly AMLA) COALITION AGAINST THE Geline Avila MARCOS DICTATORSHIP Walden Bello SACRAMENTO CHAPTER National Co-coordinators P. O. Box 173 2108 57 TH AVENUE Oakland, CA 94668 SACRAMENTO, CA 95822 (916) 428- 7856 TALIBA (News Flash/Commentary ) JANUARY 1984 A Publication of the COALITION AGAINST THE MARCOS DICTATORSHIP (formerly the Anti-Martial Law Coalition-Philippines, AMLC) 454-5263 PLEBI - CHEAT PLEBWISIT JANUARY 27 PLEBISCITE: FIRST STEP thereby increasing the number of IN A GRAND U. S. -MARCOS MANEUVER. .. seats available (to entice larger rural participation in the plebis- The Filipino people need another cite ; the exercise is also supposed to increase the size of public plebiscite like a hole in the head, but lands available for "land reform"). for the Reagan administration, the Janu- Clearly the centerpiece of ary27 plebiscite marks the first step in the "normalization plan" is the the U. S. maneuver to maintain its grip on IBP. It is the key mechanism for the Philippines now that the political a smooth and credible succession strength of its faithful ally-Marcos- is from now until 1987. Its Speaker rapidly deteriorating. is to preside over the transition The dictator has not been able to from a discredited U. S. ally to a wash his hands of Aquino's blood. The pop- new set of U.S. allies. The IBP ular clamor for his resignation is piercing must, therefore, be deodorized and his ears. On top of this, the bottom has cleansed of its image as a Marcos fallen out of the economy. Marcos is trap- rubberstamp . ped. His political isolation has become With "clean elections" on May irreversible. 14th, meaning an increase in the Seeing that their ally has become a number of opposition seats from the liability, Marcos' U.S. sponsors are not measly 12 that exist now, the U.S. wasting any time embarking on a "normal- hopes to rid the IBP from the Marco ization plan" to ease the situation as well regime's pervasive stink. With a as to assure the continuity of their domin- new and "clean" image for the IBP ant influence on Philippine affairs. With Marcos ill and lacking any credibility, the US hopes to keep the restive they must secure a suitable guardian of U. S. Filipino public at bay. It could interests in the country. How can the mass give Marcos a few more years in protests be neutralized? Who will protect power or the opportunity for Marcos the U. S. bases? These are the concerns pre- to gracefully "retire" should the occupying the U. S. White House with regard heated protests persist. to the Philippine situation. MARCOS GRANTS HOLLOW CONCESSIONS - - BEGRUDGINGLY "DEODORIZED" IBP AS A MECHANISM At first, Marcos balked at these FOR TRANSITION "political reforms" suggested by Washington, intent as he was on des- In their view, the scheduled May elec- ignating Imelda as his successor an tions to the Interim National Assembly (IBP) on monopolizing political power at may be the answer. The May election could all costs . But through "silent di- give the appearance of the restoration of plomacy", Washington put on the pres democratic processes and at the same time, sure , even sending Reagan's hatchet put into place a key mechanism for an order men, John Monjo , General Vernon ly succession from Marcos to a new set of Walters, and ominously, former CIA U. S. -backed beaurocrats. Washington hopes coup expert Col. Edward Lansdale that the process would pacify a population to Malacanang. clamoring for an end to Marcos' one man US Ambassador, Michael Arma- rule . cost, has been busy giving warning The January 27th plebiscite is meant signals to Marcos to toe the US to give a "legal blessing" to the ground- line. As well, Armacost has been works necessary for a credible election in busy meeting opposition leaders in May. It is supposed to amend Marcos' con- his Forbes Park backyard, trying stitution abolishing the Executive Commit- convince them to cooperate with tee for succession and re- instituting in- the US normalization scenario. stead, the Vice-Presidency in 1987. Mean- Without too many options left, while, should Marcos die or become incapac- Marcos has decided to go along- itated before 1987, the IBP Speaker is sup- he cannot risk increasing the dis posed to take over, convene a caretaker pleasure of his US godfather d government, and call for elections in 60 these times . Begrudgingly, he days. The plebiscite is also supposed to offerthe above mentioned co. call for representation to the IBP from its sions to the legal oppositi regional character to a provincial one, betraying the hollowness of t. concessions, he quickly announced his intentions to secure sweeping electoral refuse to man the polls or again be victories for his KBL party. He has coerced into becoming the regime's in- even gone so far as to predict that only strumentsfor defrauding the people. 20-30 IBP seats will to to the opposition. MODERATE OPPOSITION VACILLATES AGAIN Despite the strong wave of sentiments FILIPINOS TIRED OF for a boycott, some of the traditional ELECTORAL "PALABAS" opposition are still wafflict have But concession or no concession, ill-concieved hopes for the coming the Filipino people cannot be pursuaded election. that his next visit to the polls will be Salvador Laurel's United Nationalist any different from the last ones. Democratic Organization (UNIDO) is giv- They know they don't need any ing "democracy one last try". As if Pleb-bwisit to amend the 1973 constitu- there is any real democracy in being tion cooked up by Marcos, and that what part of a rubberstamp body . Laurel has they need is to junk that charter alto- warned that a boycott will bring the gether. country "a step closer to violent con- Neither are they fooled with elec- frontation", as if the regime is not tions held under the tight reins of the violent enough and as if another elec- repressive U. S. -Marcos alliance. They . tion will minimize the violence that know that this coming electoral farce has already bloodied the doorstep of is only meant to paint a new layer of the legal opposition. cosmetics on the hated face of the regime. The Nationalista Party, the Liberal As for the IBP, there is the joke Party, and PDP, LABAN have thrown their that it does not say yes to Marcos all hats in the ring, despite the fact that the time; it also says no - when Marcos some of their own prominent peers, like says no. No amount of laundering will Senator Jovito Salonga and former Pres- wash away IBP's rubberstamp image , for ident Diosdado Macapagal, have tagged the very existence of this body depends this election as another attempt to largely on Marcos' own arbitrary powers. legitimize the regime. BOYCOTT SPOILS US-MARCOS MANEUVER OUR ROLE TO EXPOSE MANIPULATION The organized opposition in the The growing boycott movement is a Philippines is quick to show that it can- concrete expression of the Filipino not be fooled by the US-Marcos maneuver. people's rejection of the new US- To Washington's dismay, the movement to Marcos "normalization plan", No amount boycott the plebiscite and the May elec- of sugarcoating will cover up the US' tion is already gaining momentum. real motive. No amount of cosmetics can Demanding no less than dismantling beautify the bloated face of a regime the US-Marcos dictatorship, the National sinking in a terminal crisis. Alliance for Justice, Freedom and Democ- We, Filipinos in the US and Canada, racy is exposing the coming elections as must continue to be vigilant to not one more deception aimed at legitimizing fall for the media hype which has al- an illegal government and an illigitimate ready begun to surround the plebiscite constitution. and the IBP election. We must frustrate An official of the Alliance, Father the renewed attempts of the Reagan Joe Dizon states "the people do not administration to convince world opin- need the Batasang, only the regime ion that these electoral exercises needs it." will bring the Filipino peoples' lives The prestigious Catholic Bishops "back to normal" or that they consti- Conference of the Philippines issued tute the first steps toward "demo- a statement approving the peoples' cratization." "moral right" to join the boycott. It is by consistently supporting The National Priests and Religious the real demands of the Filipino Union and the Concerned priests of people that we can contribute our Manila have endorsed the boycott. So share in their struggle for real have Kaakbay, a nationalist grouping democracy. Marcos and his one-man led by Jose Diokno, and the Justice laws must go. Political freedoms for Aquino, Justice for All Movement must be genuinely restored. Polit- (JAJAM) led by Lorenzo Tanada, which ical prisoners must be released. U.S. sprang out of the frenzied events interference in Philippine internal following the Aquino assassination. affairs must end. By a majority vote of 2, 000 dele- The plebiscite is meaningless. gates, the Congreso Ng Mamamayang The May election --a deception. Pilipino (CONPIL) decided to boycott * SUPPORT THE BOYCOTT unless Marcos satisfies five impor- Write your families and friends tant requirements, including the re- back home to support the boycott peal of his power to issue decrees and *DEMAND A STOP US AID and BASE to detain anyone indefinitely without RENTAL PAYMENTS TO THE REGIME trial. Write to your representatives CONPIL's chairman, Agapito Aquino, in the US Congress. brother of the slain senator, boasts of having members "as far right as COALITION AGAINST THE LOCAL CAMD / PSN : Cardinal Sin and as far left as Jose MARCOS DICTATORSHIP/ Maria Sison." PHILIPPINE SOLIDARITY NETWORK Sectoral organizations have joined LIZ FENKELL NATIONAL OFFICE the boycott movement: Progressive PO. BOX 17:3 COORDINATOR Labor Federation, Kilusang Mayo Uno , KMU, OAKLAND , CALIF. 94668 454-5243 GELINE AVILA and the Alliance of Concerned Teachers, NATIONAL COORDINATOR info on educationals , video materials , housemeetings who have declared that teachers will TALIBA (News Flash/Commentary ) A Publication of the Anti-Martial Law Coalition (Philippines) VOLUME 3, Number 2 FEBRUARY-MARCH 1979 FREE Carter to Host Philippine Dictator- MARCOS SCHEDULES U.S. VISIT Two recent events leave no doubt as to the character of the Philippine martial law regime on the one hand and the substance of the human rights foreign policy of the Carter Administration on the other. On February 1, Agence France Presse reported that Philippine dictator Marcos is scheduled to visit the U.S. sometime in late February or early March upon the invitation of President Carter. This report was followed by a State Department report dated February 8, admitting that the Marcos regime uses torture, even murder, in dealing with dissidents to its unpopular rule. against the widespread opposition to the martial law government. For his part, the dictator can now breathe easier with this assurance of continued U.S. support for his one-man rule. He has now shamelessly dropped all nationalist posturing laying bare for the whole world to see, his unmistakeable dependence to the U.S. Among his heinous crimes against the Filipino people will now count the selling of Philippine sovereignty in exchange for the dubious privilege of flying a Philippine flag over the bases and having a Filipino commander whose only duty will be to "command" that portion of the bases where there are no military facilities. Hand in hand with these "paper changes," the dictator is now prattling about returning the country back to normalcy. It has for instance dangled the promise of local elections to a population that is understandably cynical about any "democratic processes" under a regime that has continuously attempted to legitimize itself in five referenda and one national election through the twin use of fraud and armed force. The planned visit to the U.S. is no doubt meant to cap Both reports are significant. While the revelation of the this normalization scheme by making the Filipino people regime's human rights record comes as no big surprise to and the American people believe that things are indeed many since the Marcos dictatorship has long been back to normal. denounced by human rights watchdog agencies such as But it will take more than a dinner at the White House Amnesty International, International Commission of to disguise the fascist character of the Marcos regime. No Jurists, what is more revealing is the fact that its sordid talk of normalization can hide the fact that under this record has in no way discouraged that purported human bankrupt dictatorship, close to one million Filipinos have rights advocate, the Carter Administration, from extend- been turned into refugees by its brutal military campaigns ing an invitation to the Philippine dictator. and no less inhuman economic policies that place foreign The State Department while neither confirming nor investment over the needs of the Filipino people. Being denying the report can only lamely say that the visit is not hosted by Jimmy Carter will not add any shine to its an official state visit, but a "private" one. Nonetheless, tarnished image as a gross violator of human rights, a they did admit that a reception is being planned for the regime that solves the problem of political prisoners by dictator by the White House. the simple expedient of not taking any political prisoners This stance of officially keeping at arm's length the - alive. brutal dictatorship while objectively supporting it, is The Filipino people and all progressive people of this typical of the Carter Administration's hypocritical foreign country must give this dictator the reception he deserves. policy. While making loud pronouncements about human We must teach this dictator that wherever he goes, he has rights as the cornerstone of its foreign policy, in the same to account for his crimes against the Filipino people. breath it concludes an agreement with the repressive Likewise, we must teach Jimmy Carter that his pious dictator which in essence extends its lifeline for the next preachings about human rights has long been exposed as five years. In the beginning of this year, President Carter all hot air and no muscle. We must expose the dictator and President Marcos announced an executive agreement Marcos and Jimmy Carter as the biggest "human rights regarding the U.S. bases in the Philippines which masqueraders" of our time. _ provides for over $1 billion compensation to the Marcos DOWN WITH THE U.S. - MARCOS DICTATORSHIP ! ! ! regime. This financial commitment (which cleverly took STOP U.S. AID TO THE MARCOS REGIME! ! ! the form of an executive agreement thus skirting any discussion of this controversial issue in the U.S. Congress ANTI-MARTIAL LAW ALLIANCE (AMLA) where it was expected to meet staunch opposition) is thinly disguised U.S. aid to the isolated regime whose Sacramento AMLA Center existence would otherwise be in jeopardy. The new 2108 - 57th Avenue agreement is also ominous because it increases the Sacramento, CA 95822 likelihood of direct U.S. military intervention in the Philippine internal affairs by providing legal justification (916) 428-7856 or (916) 966-5698 for U.S. participation in counterinsurgency operations TALIBA (News Flash/Commentary ) A Publication of the Anti-Martial Law Coalition (Philippines) VOL. 3, NO. 3 APRIL 1979 FREE AMLC Pressure Succeeds- Marcos Cancels U.S. Visit in Fear of Protests President Marcos' planned state visit coincided with the recently concluded U.S.-R.P. Military Bases Agreement signed in January, 1979. Under the guise of "bases rental" for such facilities as Subic Naval Base (right), Marcos received a 150% increase ($500 million for the (picture credit; Harvard Magazine) next five years) in U.S. aid, plus $1 billion in economic aid. Aerial view of Subic Naval Base in Olongapo, Zambales Province, Philippines. Recent issues of rabid pro-Marcos newspapers Aside from the horse's mouth, so to speak, the such as Filipino Reporter and the Bataan News other reliable sources of AMLC include: (based in Stockton, Calif.) have accused the Agence France Presse in its Jan. Ist news release anti-martial law movement, the Anti-Martial Law reported that Marcos was coming in early March. Coalition in particular, of spreading "rumors" and Last Feb. 22, a member of the Congress engaging in idle speculation with regards to the Education Project (CEP, an organization based in Marcos state visit to Washington, D.C., originally Washington, D.C.), called an aide of Hal Brooke projected to be in March. A look at the facts, (Undersecretary of State) whose response was however, will show that this is not the case. In fact 'maybe, but not official." it is the Marcos-controlled media itself which was On March 1, CEP also called Rep. Lester Wolf's the first to trumpet Marcos' upcoming visit by aide who confirmed that Marcos was coming floating trial balloons. Teodora Valencia, well- mid-March to late March to "appeal to the known for his his "close ties" with the Philippine business community." (By this, we assume for dictator (like mouthing the dictator's line on all further penetration of U.S. investment in the issues without fail) raised in a February issue of Philippines.) the Filipino Reporter that, "It's about time Marcos Several calls were also placed to the State comes to the U.S." Another publication, the Department by congresspeople nationwide, upon ASIAWEEK, also well-known for having close ties the prodding of anti-martial law alliances who sent to Malacanang, in its Feb. 23, 1979 issue wrote : delegates to their representatives and senators. "When would Marcos go? A presidential aide told The State Department at various times confirmed ASIA WEEK's Antonio Lopez that his boss "has a. the visit ("It's a private visit.") and, not standing invitation from Carter . . . Official unexpectedly tried to remain vague about the sources intimated that the date would be either in whole affair. spring or summer, "that is, sometime between As the above information shows, contrary to March and August. Insiders, however, are betting what the pro-Marcos papers want us to believe, on next month. . these are hard facts not based on "rumors" nor Continued TALIBA (News Flash/Commentary ) A Publication of the Anti-Martial Law Coalition (Philippines) VOLUME 3, NUMBER 1 JANUARY 1979 FREE FILIPINO PEOPLE DEMAND: "U.S. BASES OUT OF R.P." PAWALAN BIS US-RF MILITARY BAS EEMENT The Filipino people have repeatedly demanded the removal of U.S. bases from Philippine soil. On New Year's Day, 1979, President Jimmy Carter fully exposed the hypocrisy of his well-publicized concern for human rights along with his pretense of mild disapproval for the regime of President Ferdinand E. Marcos of the Philippines. On that day, Carter and Marcos announced the conclusion of several years negotiations over U.S. bases in the Philippines. Proudly they revealed that the governments of the two countries had arrived at an "Executive Agreement" concerning the bases. Key points of this agreement involve the payment of $500 million in "compensation" to the Marcos government over the next five years and certain superficial changes billed as increased Philippine control over the bases. The agreement reveals the undeniable collusion $475 million is pure military aid to the Marcos regime. between Carter and Marcos - two cronies who, for over For the next three years, the agreement mandates a full a year, have performed a sometimes convincing act of $125 million per year as "compensation" in addition to mutual dislike. the $37 million which is part of the regular U.S. military Deception runs through every aspect of the new assistance to the Philippines. This will bring U.S. "Excecutive Agreement." Major changes have been military assistance to the repressive Marcos regime up to made in the 1947 Bases Treaty. Chief among these is the $162 million, over four times the current figure. payment of rent - which has been innocently labeled But why have the negotiators been forced to adopt 'compensation" - to the Marcos government. Yet in such patently undemocratic and deceptive tactics to spite of what is actually a treaty renegotiation, the Carter achieve their goals and to tack on to their agreement a Administration has carefully labeled the outcome not a series of measures which are supposedly designed to new "treaty," but an "Executive Agreement." insure a measure of Philippine control over the bases? This seemingly trifling difference is tremendously The answer lies in the unpopularity of the Marcos important. A new treaty must be approved by the U.S. dictatorship both in the Philippines and the United Senate and be opened for discussion by the American States. The repressive character of this faithful U.S. ally people. An Executive Agreement is exactly what it has made it both thoroughly hated at home and says - an agreement between two heads of state. In one extremely controversial in the United States. A new careful choice of terms, the Carter-Marcos team has treaty with the Philippine dictator would have stirred up managed to avoid public discussion on a highly a debate which might have proven uncomfortable for controversial issue - whether the bases should remain in both heads of state. the Philippines at all, bypass the role of Congress in The new "Agreement" claims that, through a series approving major foreign policy decisions, and narrow the of cosmetic moves, Philippine control over the issue to a simple matter of Congressional approval over a bases has been increased. Filipino base commanders budget appropriation. Brilliant! are to be installed and each base will fly the Even the terms of the "Agreement" itself are Philippine flag. The land area of the base is to be deceptive. The $500 million figure has been reported as somewhat reduced. Perimeter security has been turned combined economic and military aid. In fact, only $25 over to the Armed Forces of the Philippines with some million is to be used for economic aid. The remaining provisions for joint control in certain areas. Yet the Taliba, January 1979 Page 2 'Agreement" contains not a word concerning Philippine This damage is felt not only in broad social terms but jurisdiction over American servicemen who commit in specific military situations as well. The bases have crimes against Filipinos. There is no guarantee been used repeatedly for intervention in Philippine whatsoever that American soldiers who in the future affairs. Prior to the declaration of martial law, mistake Filipinos for "wild boars" and kill them will not Congressional testimony reveals they were used against be abruptly transferred out of the country as in years the Huks and, more recently, they have been used past. This is Philippine control? against the New People's Army. Immediately after the Why has this charade of Philippine control over the declaration of martial law in 1972, the entire modern bases become necessary? fighter component of the Philippine Air Force - a Because the Filipino people have come increasingly to squadron of F-5's - was based at Clark Air Field at a see the U.S. bases in their homeland as, in the words of time when it was reportedly carrying out bombing the Civil Liberties Union of the Philippines, "an affront missions over Isabela. to Philippine sovereignty." The Filipino people recognize that such intervention is What is the role of the U.S. bases in the Philippines? likely not only to continue, but to increase, as long as the According to the 1947 bases agreement, their purpose bases remain on their soil. The wording of the 1947 is two-fold: to "protect U.S. security interests in Asia" treaty clearly invites the U.S. to slide into internal and to "insure the territorial integrity of the Philip- involvement in the Philippines without the slightest pines. " Numerous spokesmen for the U.S. government, obstacle. Whereas previously U.S. intervention in the even several from the Department of Defense, however, country has been indirect and covert, the new have agreed with Filipino nationalists that external "Agreement" with its cooperative security arrange- aggression is not a threat to the Philippines. The bases ments dramatically increases the possibility of direct and thus remain principally to "protect U.S. security open intervention. The "Agreement" brings one step interests in Asia." closer the possibility of sending U.S. troops to the Filipinos have come increasingly to resent the role of Philippines to intervene in the country's growing these bases as launching pads for U.S. aggression and domestic conflicts. intervention in the internal affairs of other countries. Not only do U.S. bases on Philippine soil invite U.S. Filipinos wish to dissociate themselves altogether from intervention in Philippine affairs, they represent a situations like the Vietnam War when bombing missions serious threat to the "territorial integrity of the against the Vietnamese originated from Clark Air Base. Philippines" which the Treaty claims they are supposed Only a few days ago, on Dec. 29, 1978, the Defense to protect. It has long been known that these bases are Department announced that a naval task force and the major storage sites for nuclear weapons. This makes nuclear-capable carrier Constellation had left Subic them into key strategic targets for any enemy of the Naval Base enroute to the Indian Ocean. Speculation U.S., should the U.S. be drawn into a major armed suggested that its mission was to respond to develop- confrontation. ments in Iran and possibly to aid one of the world's most The Filipino people have no desire to be blown to bits despised dictators whose entire nation has risen up in another man's war. Nor do they wish to have against him. foreigners, armed and strategically located on their own Yet many have argued that the bases are actually soil, intervene in their own affairs and dictate the course beneficial to the Philippines because they provide both of their history. The Filipino people do not need or want employment for a large number of Filipinos and because the economic impetus to turn their people into pimps, base spending pumps dollars into the Philippine prostitutes, dope-peddlers, and black marketeers. They economy. Their removal, supporters of the bases have do not want to see an inch of their territory used to argued, would mean a massive economic dislocation. launch aggressive action against peoples of other The Filipino people have taken a closer look at the countries. The Filipino people want the bases out. The economic impact of the bases on the country and have Anti-Martial Law Coalition full supports their desire and come up with some surprising discoveries. The bases in calls on all Filipino and American people to support their fact employ less than one percent of the Philippine demand to remove all U.S. bases from the Philippines. non-agricultural labor force. Further, while it is true that the base economy has a major impact on the Philippines, Philippine economic and political institutions have absolutely no control over it. The wages spent by thousands of U.S. servicemen in the Philippines have a highly inflationary effect. As one economist put it, they "add to the total demand in the economy without increasing the supply of new goods because the soldier spends his pay on things he has not produced and the munitions worker does not go out and buy a tank." Filipinos have reexamined the character of the so-called "growth industries" spawned by the bases. Where have all those dollars pumped by U.S. servicemen into the Philippine economy gone and what has been the result socially? The principal industry stimulated by the base economy has been prostitution ANTI-MARTIAL LAW COALITION and related entertainment activities. Angeles City, site of Clark Air Base, boasts of over 500 bars and brothels (PHILIPPINES) Olongapo City, site of Subic Naval Base contains at least Rene Cruz, National Coordinator 12,000 prostitutes who form a full 10 percent of the city's P.O. Box 540 population. Woodside, N. Y. 11377 Another major industry spawned by the bases is the (212) 898-1969 procurement and sale of illegal drugs to U.S. servicemen. Since the Philippines does not produce heroin, this has meant developing smuggling rings from LOCAL ALLIANCE: the "Golden Triangle" of Thailand and Burma. Another flourishing base-related industry is the black market in AMLA CENTER PX goods. 2108 57th Ave. All three of these industries have stimulated a rise in Sacramento, CA 95322 organized crime. They can hardly be labeled beneficial to the Filipino people. In fact, the social damage these 428-7856 Or 966-3593 institutions do is immeasurable. TALIBA (NEWSFLASH/ COMMENTARY) A Publication of the COALITION AGAINST THE MARCOS DICTATORSHIP/ PHILIPPINE SOLIDARITY NETWORK (CAMD/PSN) August 1984. One year after the Aquino assassination NO END TO THE CRISIS OF THE MARCOS DICTATORSHIP The It has been a year since thousands of festive yellow ribbons Collantes leads a group of 30 KBL and independent parliament which were to herald a welcome for the returning opposition leader, tarians in supporting Aquilino Pimentel's resolution demanding Benigno Aquino, Jr., suddenly unfurled into giant banners that the repeal of Amendment No. 6 of the Marcos-engineered screamed outrage over his assassination at the Manila Inter- Constitution. Amendment No. 6 gives Marcos power to make laws national Airport. beyond the reach of the Assembly or the judiciary. Today, the dictator Ferdinand Marcos faces essentially the In an attempt to regain the support of businessmen and members same political crisis that threatens the continuation of his absolute of the traditional opposition, Marcos devised non-partisan calls for rule. The agitation of the Filipino people to oust him and end the them to join him in resolving the political and economic problems dictatorship remains the catalyst that spells his doom. plaguing his regime. But when he reconstituted his cabinet, the same old familiar faces showed up, including that of his wife, The downward spiral of the Philippine economy cannot be Imelda. arrested even as the Reagan administration infuses life-giving aid and promises to release $180 million of the $900 million rental it While the sham election momentarily divided the broad opposition agreed to pay for the maintenance of U.S. military bases at Subic into advocates of participation and those of boycott, the unanimous and Clark. The long-awaited $650 million from the International call for Marcos' ouster echoes both in the Batasan (Assembly), Monetary Fund constitutes but another gasp before a fatal and in the "parliament of the streets." drowning. Marcos fully intends to widen the gap in the opposition by In its desperation to stay in power for as long as it can, the stepping up his strident anti-communist attacks and military Marcos regime has narrowed down its choice to two alternate violence against the militant protest movement. "It is not the options: deception and military reprisal. opposition who is the enemy of the people, but the subversives," he declared. But the Filipino people have not been waylaid in their deter- mined path towards democratization. They have no other option. TERROR IN MANILA On the opening day of the Batasan last July 23, 2,000 riot police BY CROOK OR BY FORCE used truncheons, tear gas and pillbox bombs to scuttle a de- The election of 65 opposition UNIDO candidates in the May 14 monstration of 25,000 people who came to listen to former senator National Assembly election went beyond the 20 to 30 seats Lorenzo Tanada give an address of the "true state of the nation.' Marcos had predicted. Still it gave him reason to crow that democracy has prevailed. In the month preceding, Marcos had ordered a rapid succession of repressive measures to put a lid on the unrest produced by a new Although the rules are heavily stacked against the minority party set of restrictive economic decrees which set prices rocketing and in the Assembly, it has been bolstered by disgruntled members of plunged the peso to P18 to $1. Marcos' Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL) party. Manuel Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Taliba, Articles, & Drafts (Fenkell Papers, Box 1, Folder 19) Subject The topic of the resource Extradition Marcos, Ferdinand E. (Ferdinand Edralin), 1917-1989 Martial Law -- Philippines Aquino, Benigno S., Jr., 1932-1983 Reagan, Ronald Military bases, American Description An account of the resource Select issues of the Taliba Newsletter, detailing Ferdinand Marcos' canceled trip to the U.S., Military bases in the Philippines, US-Philippine extradition policies, and general policies of the Regan and Carter administrations. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Taliba Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1978-1984 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en">NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT</a> – EDUCATIONAL / NON-COMMERCIAL USE PERMITTED For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG, PDF Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa012_s001_0340-349 ucdw_wa012_s001_f019 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fenkell Family collection Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1v5UzxmQtnEZ_ruKGL6tIALcU33gG3PUv?usp=sharing">JPG Images</a> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/14cqTZWldTrfxc1KfWvjB6HXqcRjZAeeL/view?usp=sharing">PDF</a> Document Text Document text ING/PANATA 1 . Sing, I do wish the world would sing I do wish the world would say How they want to live in peace How they need each other. 2 . Peace, that is all we want to know That is all we want to share Let us live our lives in peace Let us give this life a chance. REFRAIN : Love, love is all we need Love is all we want Love is everywhere. Peace, peace is all we want Peace is all we need Peace is everywhere. 3 . Ang tinig ng madlay dinggin Sumpa'y dapat pansinin Kailan man o bayan ko Tulong ko'y asahan mo. 4 . Sa panganib ilalayo Ang layang nakamtan mo Bunga ng paghihirap mo Ang panata ko'y ito. REFRAIN: Ngayon pag inabot man (KAILAN MAN) (ASAHAN MO) Ng kadiliman (0 BAYAN KO) Ang nilalandas (MAPAPARAM ANG HIRAP, KAILAN MAN) Hirap ay mapaparam (ASAHAN MO) Sa liwanag ng (0 BAYAN KO) Tunay mong lakas. (LAKAS NG BAYAN, NGAYON) (REPEAT TAGALOG REFRAIN 2X) Ist Refrain - with harmony 2nd Refrain - with harmony /counterpoint ACAPPELLA! ! ! 3rd Refrain - with harmony/counterpoint first 3 lines only) SOLIDARITY FOREV~R ( by Ralph Chaplin, January 1915) sung to the tune of The Battle Hymn £f the Republic When the Union's inspiration through the workers' blood shall run, There can be no power greater anywhere beneath the sun. Yet what force on earth is weaker than the feeble strength of one? But the Union makes us strong. CHORUS. SOLIDARITY FOREVER! SOLIDARITY FOREV~R! SOLIDARITY FOREVER! FOR T~ UNION ~lAKES US STRONG. Is there aught we hold in common with the greedy pare.site Who would lash us into serfdom and would crush us with his might? Is there anything left to us but to organize and fight? For the Union makes us strong. /CHORUS/ It is we who plowed the prairies. built the cities where they trade, Dug the mines and bui 1 t the work:snops, endless miles of railroad laid. Now we stand outcast and starvin;, 'midst the wonders we have made, While the Union makes us strong. /CHORUS/ All the world that's owned by idle drones is ours and ours alone. We have laid the side foundations, built it skyward stone by stone. It is ours, not to slave in, but to master and to own, While the Union makes us strong. /CHORUS/ They have taken untold millions that they never toiled to earn, But without our brain and muscle not a single wheel can turn. I We can break their haughty power, gain our freedom when we learn, That the Union makes us strong. /CHORUS/ In our hands is placed a power greater than their hoarded gold, Greater than the might of annies, magnified a thousand-fold. We can bring to birth a new world from the ashes of the old. For the Union makes us strong. /CHORUS/ "An Injury To One Is An Injury To All'' SIN0/P_ANATA 1. Sing, I do wish the world would sing I do wish the world would say Ho\~ they ~~ant to live in ·peace How they need each other. 2. P'eace, tt1at is a 11 we v~ant to knov~ That is all we want to share Let us live our lives in peace Let us give this life a chance. REFRAIN: Love, love is all we need Love is all we W8nt . Love is everywhere. Peace, peace is all we want ~ ~eace is all we need 0 ~eace is everywhere. Ang tinig ng madla'y dinggin Sumoa'y dapat pansinin Kailan man o bayan ko Tulong ko'y asahan mo. Sa oang2nib ilalayo {\ n (; j '"'I \ / ,-. ~, r"1 n "I !./ r.. l"'Y', +- '""' ..... ...... - ·---.! 1.=J .t. V) c~i 1'::1 1101,al,1 Ldl l ll :1.. ) Eunga ng pagh i hi rap n10 Ang panata ko'y ito. REFRAIN:· Ngayon pag inabot man Ng kadiliman Ang nilalandas Hirao ay mapaparam S a 1 i \-,r a n a g n g Tunay mong lakas. (KAILAN MAN) (ASAHAN MO) (0 BAYAN KO) CMAPAPARAM ANG HIRAP, KAILAN MAN) (ASAHAN MO) (0 BAYAN KO) (LAKAS NG BAYAN, NGAYON) (REPEAT TAGALOG REFRAIN 2X) 1st Refrain_; with harn1ony 2nd Refrain - with harmony/ counterpoint ACAPPELLA ! ! ! 3rd Refrain - with harmony/counterpoint first 3 lines only) SOLIDARITY FOREV~R ( by Ralph Chaplin, January 1915) sung to the tune of The Battle Hymn £f the Republic When the Union's inspiration through the workers' blood shall run, There can be no power greater anywhere beneath the sun. Yet what force on earth is weaker than the feeble strength of one? But the Union makes us strong. CHORUS. SOLIDARITY FOREVER! SOLIDARITY FOREV~R! SOLIDARITY FOREVER! FOR T~ UNION ~lAKES US STRONG. Is there aught we hold in common with the greedy pare.site Who would lash us into serfdom and would crush us with his might? Is there anything left to us but to organize and fight? For the Union makes us strong. /CHORUS/ It is we who plowed the prairies. built the cities where they trade, Dug the mines and bui 1 t the work:snops, endless miles of railroad laid. Now we stand outcast and starvin;, 'midst the wonders we have made, While the Union makes us strong. /CHORUS/ All the world that's owned by idle drones is ours and ours alone. We have laid the side foundations, built it skyward stone by stone. It is ours, not to slave in, but to master and to own, While the Union makes us strong. /CHORUS/ They have taken untold millions that they never toiled to earn, But without our brain and muscle not a single wheel can turn. I We can break their haughty power, gain our freedom when we learn, That the Union makes us strong. /CHORUS/ In our hands is placed a power greater than their hoarded gold, Greater than the might of annies, magnified a thousand-fold. We can bring to birth a new world from the ashes of the old. For the Union makes us strong. /CHORUS/ "An Injury To One Is An Injury To All'' DE COLORES De colores, de colores Se visten los compos en la primavera De colores, de colores Son los pajarillos que vienen de afuera De colores, de colores as al arco iris que vemos lucir Y por eso los grandes amores dis suchas colores an gustan a mi Y por eso los grandes amores de muchos colores is gustan a al. Canta el gallo, canta el gallo Con al kiri kiri, kiri, kim, king La gallina, la gallina Con el kara, kara, kara, kara, kara Las pollitos, los pollitos Con el pio, pio pio, pio, pi Y por eso los grandes smores de muchos colores me guscan a mi Llora el gallo, llora el gallo Porque el aguilits ya lo ha desplumado Las gallinas, las gallinas Gue viven en su area ya lo han consolado El campesino, el campesino Con el sufrimiento no quiere saquir Y ahunque el gallo se sienta my gallo ante el aguilita tendra que morir Y shunque el gallo se stenta muy gallo ante el aguilita tendra que sorir Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Song Lyrics: Journey Never Ends, Sing/Pinata, Solidarity Forever (Fenkell Papers, Box 1, Folder 18) Subject The topic of the resource Revolutionary ballads and songs Description An account of the resource This folder contains song lyrics from Sing/Panata, Solidarity Forever, & De Colores. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nina (Liz) Fenkell Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource n.d. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/CNE/1.0/?language=en">COPYRIGHT NOT EVALUATED NON-COMMERCIAL USE PERMITTED </a>For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at <a href="mailto:ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu">ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu</a>. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG, PDF Language A language of the resource English Spanish Tagalog Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa012_s001_f018 ucdw_wa012_s001_0337-339 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fenkell Family collection Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1e-1xc5H2gO0gl3_cBHLxmj40bihc03WK?usp=sharing">JPG Images</a> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1owNj-MYjB1MQ-TC1enEdnsVOxsJHP9ua/view?usp=sharing">PDF</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sacramento Anti-Martial Law Alliance, Summation Speech (Fenkell Papers, Box 1, Folder 16) Subject The topic of the resource Antinuclear movement Christmas Political activists Revolutionary ballads and songs Anti-martial Law Coalition Description An account of the resource These documents detail activities from the Anti-Martial Law Alliance Sacramento Chapter, including the Christmas Caroling campaign, anti-nuclear plant concerns, and song lyrics. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Anti-Martial Law Alliance, Sacramento. Nina (Liz) Fenkell Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1978 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">IN COPYRIGHT</a> - Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies and the University of California Regents hold intellectual control of the material. Educational and non-profit usage permitted. For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa012_s001_f016 ucdw_wa012_s001_0322-0336 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fenkell Family collection Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/100J591Rf9fFOkAjfn3uuS7AIFL9Aucku?usp=sharing">JPG Images</a> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FrDbn8slDVfqnxS0NQaSv5EIhaZE6pgK/view?usp=sharing">PDF</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sacramento Anti-Martial Law Alliance, Organization Structure, Minutes, Notes, Events & Speeches (Fenkell Papers, Box 1, Folder 15) Subject The topic of the resource Anti-martial Law Coalition (Philippines) Bay Area Anti-martial Law Alliance Sacramento Anti-martial Law Alliance Community Organization Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG, PDF Description An account of the resource These documents contain chapter notes, speeches, event information, and program documentation for various activities from the Sacramento Anti-Martial Law Alliance. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Anti Martial Law Alliance, Nina (Liz) Fenkell Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1977-1980 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en">NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT</a> – EDUCATIONAL / NON-COMMERCIAL USE PERMITTED For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa012_s001_f015 ucdw_wa012_s001_0257-321 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fenkell Family collection Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1jUj7lKuG5vAKZUmOh9AcY6XnFX8cxfU7?usp=sharing">JPG Images</a> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/15vdEvNVOMaXDRjweKq_VZ-lgQVnS9OOq/view?usp=sharing">PDF (Text Search not available)</a> People's War temporarily available on HathiTrust (Log in Required, available as of 4/12/2021): <a href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000701315">https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000701315</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sacramento Anti-Martial Law Alliance - Chapter Notes: People's War (Fenkell Papers, Box 1, Folder 14) Subject The topic of the resource Katipunan ng mga Demokratikong Pilipino (KDP) Union of Democratic Pilipinos Revolutionary literature Description An account of the resource This folder contains handwritten notes summarizing the Union of Democratic Pilipinos' republication of People's war in the Philippines. Copyright Restrictions prevent digitization of the article, however it can be accessed at HathiTrust (Access as of 4/12/2021. Log-in required; Guest or University). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nina (Liz) Fenkell Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">IN COPYRIGHT – EDUCATIONAL / NON-COMMERCIAL USE PERMITTED</a> For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at <a href="mailto:ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu">ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu</a>. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG, PDF Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa012_s001_0254-256 ucdw_wa012_s001_f014 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fenkell Family collection Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1wiT5PA9fMXsF3t-QtZyQzbF9woVeGCSm?usp=sharing">JPG Images</a> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1fD4R2xxZ0LeyVqmuqwMMzmWWvrXkAVY7/view?usp=sharing">Text-Searchable PDF</a> Document Text Document text (OCR Text with errors; See <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1fD4R2xxZ0LeyVqmuqwMMzmWWvrXkAVY7/view?usp=sharing">PDF</a> for complete text) All supporters for the Struggle for Human Rights FROM & KDP RE: ATMES CRUZ CASE emple letter Mr. Lionel J. Castillo Commissioner, INS 425 J Street, N.W. Washington, DC20535 Mr. Castillo, We are gravely alarmed by the INS conduct toward Ms. Aimee Cruz, an important leader in the Filipino Community and the national com ordinator of the National Alliance for Fair Licensure for Foreign Nurse Graduates. Unless the INS explains its actions we an only con- clude that the surprise visit by its agents at her home in the early morning of May 2, their insistence of questioning her without any legal documents entitling then to do so and her scheduled hering on May 30 at the INS office in New York, are forms of harassment to stop her from proceeding with her valuable work in the Filipino Community. Your agents on questioning Ms. Cruz about her work in the NAFI FN are unjust. We see no reason for her to be treated as such. We DEMAND that the INS recognize Me. Oura's civil liberties and atop harassing her. The plan of subjecting her to new questioning be withdrawn, and that the INS provide an explaination for its actions. Citizen for Civil Rights, sample teleman Mr. Castillo, Weare alarmed of the INS's conduct toward Ms. Cruz, national co ordinator of the NAFL-FNG. We ask that the INS respect Ma. Crus's civil liberties and refrain from harassing her and her organization, withdraw its plan to question her on May 30 and give an explanation for its actions. #*This harassment of Ms. Cruz is in essence an attack on the Filipino Community's rights to fight against injustices. NATIONP\L f1Lllf1NCE FOR FAIR LICEN~UR FOREIGN NUR~E GRftDUP\T~S OF No. 1 INS • national bulletin • FLASH I • AGENTS HARASS NAFL M-0. Afme.e. C1tuz ( le.6t) , Na,;ltonal Coo1tcunax.01t o,6 the. NAFL-FNG, p1te1>.-i_cun9 ot 1e.TL 2n.d !Ja,;ltonal Con,&e.1te.n~e. he.ld lMt ye.£l/l in Ne.w Yo1tk Cay . Ma y 197 9 LEADER Agents of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) tried to barge int o the home of ~ts. Aimee Cruz, ational Coordinator of the NAFL-FNG. Ms. Cruz an d a visiting woman friend were rudely awakened by INS agents who came to her Woodside Queens apartment at 7:10 a.m. last Wednesday, May 2. Ms. Cruz opened her door to find two agents flashing their badges and demanding to get in. The agents said that they wanted to question Ms. Cruz about her organizin g work among Filipino nurses. Ms. Cruz asked whether the agents could show a search warrant or a warrant to show cause. Unable to do so, Ms _ Cruz denied them entry. Agent Petrino then proceeded to ask Ms. Cruz questions about the NAFL-FNG while Ms. Cruz continued to refuse to answer any question in the absence of her lawyer. Petrino then shoved the door and barked "Get dressedJ you're coming with us downtown." Cruz ada~antly refused and said "No, you're not ta~ing me anywhere, and if you take one step into my door, you will be in clear violation of my rights." ( over) - 2 - Realizing the futility of their intimidation tactics, Petrino backed down and asked instead to speak to Ms. Cruz' lawyer. Cruz reminded the agents to stay clearly outside of her door until she is able to reach her lawyer, , Mr. Ira Gollobin. The two agents waited for two hours still peppering Cruz with questions and threats which she firmly ignored, as she tried to reach her lawyer. Cruz also decided to contact Commissioner Lionel Castillo in an effort to get an explanation. Castillo was leaving for Europe, and his assistant, Mr. Ralph Thomas responded to Ms. Cruz' call. Thomas talked to Agent Petrino whom Cruz allowed in to take the phone. Petrino claimed that they were just "implementing a memorandum to conduct an expeditious investigation". Inspite of Mr. Thomas' advise that they leave Ms. Cruz' home, Petrino insisted that they would only do so if ordered by their NY INS Supervisor. Thomas agreed to contact the agents' supervisor to order them to leave. Finally, the agents' supervisor, Mr. Stout, called Ms. Cruz and proposed that his agents would leave if Ms. Cruz would agree to appear at the INS Office in New York at some date. Ms. Cruz' lawyer and ~1r. Stout agreed on May 30. Stout finally agreed to instruct his agents to leave after obtaining Ms. Cruz' birthday and birthplace and her consent to meet with the INS (NY) on May 30 in the presence of her lawyer. After having received the information which they requested, Petrino nevertheless attempted to subject Ms. Cruz to further questioning. Ms. Cruz got back to the telephone with her lawyer and only a very sharp reminder from Mr. Gollobin that they (the agents) were already clearly out of legal bounds did the two agents prepare to leave. In an act of desperation, they left shouting and hurling threats in Ms. Cruz' doorway, accusing her and her guest of being the "most impolite Filipinos they had ever met. 0 Ms. Cruz calmly reminded them that awareness and readiness to fight for the observance of one's individual rights are considered impolite only by those who do not respect these rights, in the first place. The agents continued with their rabid and foul threats with furiously shaking forefingers declaring that "We will scrutinize your files, and if we find one single thing and we can make a case on anything at all, we'll get you." Harassment of the NAFL-FNG Asked what this sudden visit by the INS agents could possibly signify, Cruz said that "some forces out there do not like what the NAFL is doing in protecting the rights of foreign nurses and they are trying to intimidate us to prevent our work from going on. This can be the only reason for this harassment." Cruz added that although she feels angry about the violation of her individual rights, she is even more angry when she realizes that the harassment is directed against the democratic efforts of groups and individuals, aliens and minorities in particular, to fight for their democratic rights. She added, "Now I know how the H-1 nurse feels when faced with these forms of intimidation. Now I know how shattering it feels to be treated like a criminal by the INS." Chapters of the NAFL-FNG are calling for community meetings to discuss this incident and to plan out a campaign to defend the leaders of the NAFL-FNG and the organization as a whole from further harassment from the INS. - 3 - ORGANIZE TO STOP INS HARASSMENT OF THE NAFL-FNG ! DEFEND THE NAFL-FNG AND ITS LEADERS ! In light of the recent actions of the INS to harass the NAFL-FNG and its leaders, all NAFL Chapters, supporters and sympathizers must rally around a vigorous national campaign to oppose and condemn these violations of our democratic rights as an organization and as individual members. At stake here is the task to uphold these precious rights and to fight all forces who attempt to violate them. The acts of intimidation and harassment must be seen not only as an attack against the National Coordinator, and the NAFL-FNG, or the democratic rights of foreign nurses, but is also an attack directed against the Filipino community as a whole. All NAFL Chapters must prepare themselves for a major activity that will call upon everyone to work even harder and persevere even more in the face of these actions from the LS. We will aim to inform the Filipino communities all over the U.S. about these events and strive to mobilize the broadest numbers of Filipinos to stand up and oppose the harassment of the NAFL··FNG. In the present period, prior to May 30, we should aim to effect enough pressure on Commissioner Lionel Castillo to conduct an investigation on the actions of these two agents from the New York District Office and to present an explanation to the ational Staff of the NAFL-FNG. We will demand that the May 30 meeting be cancelled altogether as this meeting essentially represents one of the many intimidation tactics which the INS-NY committed against the NAFL-FNG. Following are some suggestions on how to unfold our work in every community: Immediately launch a telegram/mailgram campaign directed to INS Commissioner Lionel Castillo. Samples of this telegram and mailgram can be seen on page 4. We also encourage original texts because these can be very effective. Lists should immediately be drawn up. Target churchpersons, congressmen, civil libertarian groups, human rights groups, and immigrant and minority organizations first. In contacting them, explain the issue to each of them, send them a copy of the press release or our Bullettin, and urge them to send telegrams immediately. Telegrams from the above-named groups should arrive at Castillo's office . 0 LATER THAN ~1AY 15, 1979. Call a Filipino Community Meeting to form a Preparatory Defense Committee Filipino community groups and organizations should be convened to discuss the incident and the serious implications on the broader Filipino community. We should aim to be able to unite as many forces as possible to support us in this campaign. A preparatory Defense Committee (with the formation of working committees like Publicity, Outreach, Finance, etc) should be formed with people already volunteering into the work. The Defense Committee will be on "stand-by" until we kr.:.ow, based on the response of the INS, what actions we wil 1 undertake after lvtay 30. (P.:-ior to ~1ay 30, everyone should devote all efforts to getting more and more telegrams and mailgrams to Castillo's office) The community meeting should be called no later than May 20, 1979. - 4 - @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ SAMPLE MAILGRAM We are gravely alarmed by the INS' conduct towards Ms. Aimee Cruz, an important leader in the Filipino community and the National Coordinator of the National Alliance for Fair Licensure of Foreign Nurse Graduates (NAFL-FNG). Unless the INS explains its actions, we can only conclude that the surprise visit by your agents in Ms. Cruz's home in the early morning of May 2, their insistence at questioning her without any legal documents entitling them to do so, and her scheduled questioning on May 30th at the INS Office in New York, are forms of harassment to stop her· from pursuing her valuable work in the Filipino community. Your agents' insistence on questioning Ms. Cruz about her work in the NAFL-FNG alarms us. We see no reason for her to be treated as if her and her organization's efforts to stop the unjust deportation of Filipino nurses were a crime. We demand that the INS recognize and respect Ms. Cruz's civil liberties and stop harassing her; that its plan of suhjecting her to questioning on May 30th be withdratJn, and that the INS give an expalanation for its actions. SM1PLE TELEGRAM w~ are alarmed at the Immigration and Naturalization Service's conduct toward Ms. Aimee Cruz, National Coordinator of the National Alliance for Fair Licensu.re of Foreign Nurse Graduates (NAFL-FNG). We ask that the INS respect Ms. Cruz's civil liberties and refrain from harassing her and her organization, withdrCl1.J its plans to subject her to questioning on May 30 and give an explanation for its actions. SEND BY MAY 25, 1979 TO: Mr. Lionel Castillo, Commissioner Immigration and Naturalization Service 425 Eye Street, N.W. Washington D.C. 20536 SEND CONFIW..AIION COPY OF TELEGRAM, MAILGRAM OR LETTER TO: NAFL-FNG - 58-22 41st Ave, Woodside, N.Y. 11377 - 5 - CG FNS PRE-IMMIGRATION EXAMINATION C0~1ENTARY ON THE Rx for H--1 Problem: The Perils of Pallia-t i ves As is well-known, an illness which has reached an advanced stage cannot be treated with simple cures which merely bring relief or rernedia~ effects. A_thorough d detailed diagnosis is necessary, the ;:tient's entire medical history is thoroughly studied; the many symptorns_and the progression of the illness are review~d a~d analysed, and all the resultant complica~ions of the illness are examined. Based on this diagnosis, the prescription g~ven to the patient include medication which can a~leviate the discomfort or assuage the pain caused by the illness. In order to :eally cure the illness, however, more radical forms of treatment are prescribed (surgery, for example) in order to excise the root cause of the illness. While palliatives do serve an important function in any treatment process, these must be recognized as such: mere palliatives. The perils begin when we confuse, or worse yet, substitute these temporary measures for real and basic cures to the illness or the problem. The problems faced by nurses on H-1 visas are very complex and many, all rooted in a host of injustices perpetrated from several quarters. There is the Philippine end of deceptive recruitment where unscrupulous and profit-hungry recruiters have stuffed their · pockets with cash payments from nurses in exchange for falsified passports or visas (at worst) or shoddy orientations deliberately meant to leave out the harsh realities and problems yet to be faced by the nurse so eager to find economic refuge in the United States (at least). Then there is the seemingly indomitable State Board examination which close to 85% of FNGs fail. The examination itself seems to fall far short of what it alleges to test (nursing competency). Initial studies have revealed its shortcomings in the test's validity in terms of "job-rel~tedness"; Further, it is known to contain cultureloaded test items. To make matters w~rse, there is a complete absence o~ any type of government or hospital assistance to_ the FNG trying to obtain licensure. _Review classes specially geared to the review needs of FNGs are non-existent. Those . which exist are mostly commercial enterpr1 ses motivated by profit and therefore low in quality. In addition, it is very rare . to find hospital administrations who prov1 FNGs whom they recruited with adequate "educational hours" or time-off from work in order to review for the State Board examination. The inevitable failure in the exam brings the FNG to the bottom of the tenqer trap. Once there, all tenderness is gone , for then, they begin to be subject and open targets for stark forms of exploitatia and discrimination. They are forced to accept jobs at lower pay and 1mder worse conditions for their survival is now critically linked to holding on to this job, no matter what. Under this state, the pursuit of justice, fairness, equality, job rights, become anathema to them for · this can become a threat to their jobs, and therefore their survival. In a belated act of concern, the Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nursing Schools (CGFNS) designed a plan to stem this problem. It has administered the worldwide pre-immigration examination which essentially determines a nurse's ability to obtain an H-1 visa to immigrate to the U.S. Ostensibly designed to halt the exploi tation of FNGs in the U.S. by a "screening" process which could indicate a "reasonable index of the FNG's ability to pass the Stat Board examination in the U.S.", the whole idea is a mere palliative which is intended to arrest the problem in its size and dimensions, and does not constitute a thoroughgoing solution to the injustices (con' t p. 6) .. - 6 - to which H-1 nurses have been and will continue to be subjected to, with or without pre-immigration examinations. By administering an examination in the nurse's home country, the CGFNS hopes that the number of FNGs who will eventually gain entry into the U.S. will be limited to those who show the highest possibility of passing the State Board examination. In this context, the CGFNS also consists of the five parts of the State Board examination: medical, surgical, obstetric, pediatric and psychiatric nursing. The whole idea has some limited value to it in so far as it mitigates the deceptive character of the recruitment process. At least, nurses who are still in their home countries can get a clear idea of what is required to hurdle the State Board examination and therefore gain a more truthful sense of the situation that they will have to face in the U.S. However, this seems to be the only positive thing going for the FNG in the CGF~ S scheme. All in all, the plan seems to benefit the ANA, the NLN, the HEW ar ~ the INS more than the FNGs. It merely serves to trim down the scale and dimensions of the problems arising out of their recruit~ ment of foreign nurses. In addition, this scheme, presented to us as some type of a "cure-all" to the H-1 problem, is in fact only one of several other reforms which should be effected if we are to really speak of justice for the FNGs. In and of itself, this pre-immigration examination falls far short of delivering real justice for the FNGs. First of all, passing the CGFNS examination is no guarantee for passing the State Board examination in the U.S. Hence, the FNG who passes the CGFNS exam still stands the risk of failing the State Board examination and ending up with the same tragic fate which H-1 nurses have faced long before this pre-immigration examination was instituted. The probability of failing the State Board examination (even if one has passed the CGFNS exam) remains very high. For one thing, there will be many test variables which will affect the FNG's performance while taking the examination 10,000 miles away from home. The testing environment, for example, will be radically different for it would then be contaminated with serious pressures borne by the FNG --pressure arising from their knowledge that failure in the exam can be disastrous for them and their futures; the pressure of adjusting and acculturation in a country where they have just arrived. Furthermore, until it is confirmed that the State Board examination has been normed against an FNG sampling, and has been rid of any type of cultural bias, the possibility of failing in this exam is still very real for the FNGs, not\vi thstanding success with the CGFNS exam. If the CGFNS were really serious in their protestations to "prevent the exploitation of FNGs and to look after their welfare in the U.S.", there are only two courses of actions it could take. The first, which we believe is the simplest and most upright action,would be to administer the actual licensing examination in the home countries, with no other examination to be hurdled in the U.S. In this way, the process of recruitment completely negates any risk for the FNG to get "trapped" in the U.S. with visa or employment problems~the conditions which make the FNGs vulnerable to exploitation. The second course of action is that if the CGFNS insists on this pre-immigration exam, this could only be viable if it is implemented alongside and together with other reforms which it must undertake in order to createfair testing conditions for the FNG who will try to complete licensure in the U.S. (after passing the CGFNS exam). Aside from this pre-immigration examination, therefore, will the CGFNS work for review programs for FNGs? Will it convince or oblige hospital administrations to provide adequate review hours to the FNGs whom they have recruited? Will the INS continue to offer deferred departure statuses to those who may not pass the examination on first, second, or even third take? Will the CGFNS undertake efforts to assure that the examination is rid of any cultural bias? In implementing this pre-immigration ( con' t p. 7) - 7 - (con't Perils of Palliatives from p. 6) examination in the absence of the other necessary reforms mentioned above, the CGFNS seems to imply that the essence of the H-1 problem is principally linked to the quality of nursing education obtained by the nurse in their home countries. Hence, a selective process effected by pre-testing, would solve the problem for the CGFNS. It is high time that this contention be refuted. The simple truth is that as soon as FNGs are recruited into U.S. hospitals, they get assigned, and have fared well in critical care or int~nsive care units. How does one then reconcile then that it is these same nurses who find themselves failing the State Board examination? The truth of the matter is that the high rate of failure is directly linked to the quality and fairness of the review conditions under which FNGs are made to take and pass the State Board examination. Given better testing conditions, that is, free from pressures of survival or the threat of deportation, the H-1 problem would not exist. The CGFNS pre-immigration examination is a palliative to the H-1 problem. In and of itself, the heart of the H-1 problem is unresolved, and there will still be no real justice for the FNGs -- both for those who are already here and caught in the trap, as well as for those who will come, clutching a CGFNS certificate in their hand, with their hopes and expectations much higher, and who will receive nothing more than wishes of "Good Luck" from the CGFNS, the INS, the ANA, the NLN and the HEW. It could be the same story all over again, only this time, it could be more tragic . NAFL-FNG P.O. Box 960 Woodside, N.Y. 11377 T 0 * * * • . • • NAFL ° FNG NATIONAL ALLIANCE FOR FAIR L.ICUlSURE OF FOREIGN NURSZ ~OATES 58-22 41st Ave., Woodside, N.Y. 11377 (212) 458-6369 or 677-2509 S A M P L E L E T T E R .... __ ._.. _____ --~-- - Inunigration and Naturalization Service {INS) Commissioner Lionel Castillo 425 I Street Northwest, Washington DC Dear Com. Castillo: 20536 I (we are) am gravely alarmed by the Inunigration and Naturalization Service's conduct towards Ms. Aimee Cruz, an important leader of the Filipino community and a National Coordinator of the National Alliance For Fair Licensure Of Foreign Nurse Graduates (NAFL-FNGl. Unless the INS explains its actions, I (we) can only conclude that the surprise visit by its agents at her home in the early morning of May 2, their insistance of questioning her without any legal documents entitling them to do so and her scheduled hearing on May 30 at the INS office in New York, are forms of harrassment to stop her from proceeding with her valuable work in the Filipino community. Your agents insistance in questioning Ms. Cruz about her work in the NAFL-FNG is unjust. I (we) see no reason for her to be treated as such and her organization's efforts to stop the unjust deportation of nurses as a crime. I (we) demand that the INS recognize Ms. Cruz's civil liberties and stop harrassing her, that the plan of subjecting her to questioning be withdrawn and that the INS provid~ an explanation for its actions. Sincerely, Signed SAMPLE MAILGRAM INS (Immigrationaand Naturalization Service) Commissioner Lionel Castillo Northwest, Washington DC 20536 I (we) am alarmed of the INS' conduct towards Ms. Aimee Cruz, National Coordinator of the NAFL-F~G (National Alliance For Fair Licensure Of Foreign Nurse Graduates. We ask that the INS respect Ms. Cruz's civil Liberties and refrain from harrasinq her and her Organization, withdraw the plan of harrasing her on May 30 and give an exolanation for its actions. Signed. ..,./"--- AIVf.:l f\A I lt'UfVAIV-May ,o-J,, , ::II:, • ~ NAFL~F NG_ Coordinator I Interview With : Aimee Cruz: I In the early morning hours oil May. ' · Miss Aimee <Jruz 18 the target of minorities in thi!i country - . d politic. al harassment of the INS_ for her What 1·s at stake m· this issue is our 2,, agents of the Immigration an h d .~ f h h f Naturalization Services (INS) tried to role. in t e e,ense o t e ng_ ts o task to uphold these rights that are ,. barge into the home of Ms. Aimee foredi gn ndu rshes. . T• he A.n g Ka•t ihp uMna n prect•o u s and to fight all forces who din f , con ucte t is interview wit s. tt t to · late them. Cruz, national coor . ator o a nurses ,. .Cruz following the incident of INS a emp v10 ,, l • • ,··"' .-~i,-~-.-~·;:~ ... ->~~-;~~;~~t~:~~,~. .. ,,~ ttt~.:~r~·•il\l: ~i}~~=::::.~~:~:~::~\~!::·:::~ ,, ........ ,,:•{-~ .. \·•} :x .. ,.·•• ., .. _,,,.._ .. ".. ... ~-.•~ 1,,,. ~ \; -~\ , .. ~ :- -:'.~· •❖~·~::::;~;.:~=~~:• •:·:Ji1J1il\:. «: .•.· ·-:r ·x·····""' • ❖-;~:~· :l~t=~/M~:.. .• ::~·-~!~i~;,,°X'-"·~·-~~~. ~ .. ~; ;:~f :rt~;~~~·:·~:: ~, ~ ~ -;~ .... \.•~~·t-.-.... ;'\:..,.~:~ ... ~~•_..'-: v~.,:~ ~' <J!).}";1>;,.~:, ... ·" ,-.. ·~: ,r, •• _.,. ._ .,• • :x...:. , ....; . ., ~❖-~-~,v),•:..:X :::~ =:✓~~ -..· :::~4: .. ·:~:~:!~~~:t::=~ ·:::x:~ s· .:~~~~:,~i! -~ ••. •• .,_,, •• :c.;-•:' ~ -~ :X-, ,i'.:'>x• . . • • ::t::f. /~q::1t11::irtfilt . ·-. -:f/Wtfi~f; _ ._,~.,.,· ;.,..._.,.,""':~x•'"'':.v"~"!❖~~-~• •, .., .,vi;•❖ «;_~ ,• •~,~~v t-?-:-:-;-:❖<-:.;,,. .~ ,:~.:,.. ... • 0"•~♦-~~);;~;:(~>•y: i~~Y~:~~-~:i,~:~~t. ~. ;_.{.!~.:Y~"~ ~:•;:., ~••~ :;• ::c)~:~~r :i }/~~~,.~~ ~-~•:::• ..~ ,. • _. ,•e1• ·r.. ..... ·.. ~:---•· V.;,. .~ :__-!.~<~.a,,• •<.c:,,.-.,.:.1• . ~>.:;~ .. -.,❖~·"} ,. ..~ . · ·"">;»·~ ..: iic:~.. ..: ,y-~~♦:•·~ <: ,~. •"X'_v... ••, ,• • • cf •.l•}•. .• .:', '• ,'."}").,\.J•• ,·;,,,:-.•. .- ..,.v'\ •" x,.•i';\:•"'•:;:'$,..."l~~-•-.,,;;.,,.,, ✓. . •. .• "?I'.,_•..:_' • ·. ....~ , ~'.~ ~ =~~:"' : ~-~; ~.,::.. • ,~_·{,~ ~;:';:::~! ;> ~t ~~ :~:~;,. ...: ~V~ ':'~~~;k_•f: :;~ •i~;,:~~ ;." :\~ ::~>, ~ ;': " ''·.:::i·;~::::~~(·f-:::~~~s-:(•}:f:~:~/1~~::~:i;~/~'::tk~:::~Hf.<-~:;:,~: .. :~:~\/f aj~~it1:gl~it}r{lr-B~t!J:lefti½Jii~iii0i~\ rf;:~-~:~f tf:?tf~t~\nJ~\ui:/:-~:t )J~\t~~4t11r::-:\t\ ~-•~;~:~~ -:,. .. ,.1.v'..: }·~:,.~::v·, ·.~;.·:-..{ :~ ~:.~_..> "!<: :,•·~: ::· ..: :~· :-!,_. ., ;,~-~~'<v";·~- :>,:•;:~;::j);'\.-::~• : . :. ·-·~,~-:~-~~{:}FiJzt.if ~tlitE~1ft .. = . · li~~tflr';~;,· ~M~ f,f}H{ft, Aimee· Cruz [NAFL-FNG Photo) ieft but not before threatening Ms. Cruz. Furiously shaking their forefingers, they declared, "We will scrutinize your file and if we find a single thing and we can make a case on anything at all, we'll get you." Ms. Cruz has charged the INS with harassment. ''Some forces out there do not like what the NAFL is doing in , protecting the rights of FNGs and they are trying to intimidate us to prevent our work from going on.'' The NAFL-FNG has been in the forefront of defending the rights of FNGs recruited to work in U.S . . hospitals. In an agreement ·directly t right organization. - harassment last May 2. . Rudely awakened by banging on the -Editor ,5 Note AK: How do you foresee fighting door of her Woodside, Queens apart- . 1 againsi this harassm~nt? ment in New York City, Ms. Cruz was I ANG KATIPUNAN: What do you CRUZ: The first thing we should do accosted by two agents flashing bad- } think was the reason for the INS action is realize that this act of harassment ges an~ demanding to get in. The last May 2? does not indicate a reflection of the agents said they wanted to questi~n AIMEE CRUZ: I think that the INS strength of the INS. Rather it is a Ms. Cruz about her work. as the aimed to harass me. I believe that the reflection of the strength of the coordinator of the National Alliance reason for this harassment cannot be NAFL-FNG ru_id its work. for Fair Licensure for Foreign Nurse anyting but an indication of the In that light, we in the NAFL-FNG Graduates (NAFL-FNG). . . .1 justness and effectiveness of the work feel there is no room for -intimidation For three hours, the two agents i of the NAFL-FNG. ~his is an organi- and neither are we afraid. We are attempted to intimidate Ms. Cruz into zation that I helped establish two confident that this act of harassment letting them in and answering their years ago and which I've been actively . will not prevent us from going on with questions. Refusing tQ be cowed, Ms. involved in since.. · the work that we've done in the last Crμ.z contacted her lawyer and the INS Some forces out there do not like year and a half. office in Washington, D.C. ... · what the NAFL-FNG is doing, particu- That's why the NAFL-FNG has Finally, after negotiations between larly its task of protecting the rights of mobilized all chapters to rally around Ms. Cruz' lawyer and .the INS New '. foreign nurses. By trying to intimidate a vigorous campaign to oppose and York Commissioner, .an INS hearing . the organization, they think they can condemn the violations of our demo- ~as set on.May 30. The two agents stop our cause. This can be the only cratic rights as~ organization and as . reason for the INS harassment. individual members. negotiated with INS Commissioner Lionel Castillo, Ms. Cruz and the . NAFL successfully halted the deportation of foreign nurses who failed the nurses licensure examination. They re currently negotiating for an extension of this agreement. Chapters of the NAFL-FNG are caHing for a community meeting to discuss the incident and to plan out a campaign to defend the leaders of the NAFL-FNG and the organization as a whole from further harassment' from the INS. □ ' ' AK: After the incident you made a statement that the INS action was also an attack on the democratic rights of the Filipino community. What do you mean? CRUZ: I view the incident as an attack not only agains1t my individual ,;ights nor the rights of FNG's who have organized to defend their rights in the U.S. It is also an attack on the Filipino . community who have expressed overwhelming support for the FNG. It is also an attack against groups, individuals, and other organizations who have .taken upon thcm~elves to AK: What action do you plan to do? CRUZ: The NAFL-FNG will demand an explanation from INS Cornmissioner Lionel Castillo as to why his agents insist on my responding to their questions without showing legal documents that would have entitled them to do so. We demand that the INS stop all further harassment of our organization and our individual tnembers. We believe that the May 30 hearing to which I .have been summoned should be cancelled because it clearly represents one aspect of the harassment process. □ SAMPLE LETTER District Attonney Michael D. Bradbury 800 So Victory Ventura, California Dear District Attorney Bradbury, September 2, 1979 I am a member of the (LAv SF, Seattle, etco) Filipino community and the case of Dr. Bienv~nido Alona has come to my attention. I strongly believe he is being prosecuted unjustly for charges of criminal per~ury. The basis for your insistence to prosecute Dr. Alona appears to stern from hihgly suspicious motiveso This is clearly indicated by the fact that there were initial attempts on the District Attorney's office part to eagerly prosecute Dro Alona for negligence in the daeth of Nicole Bond last August 28, 1970. However, this scheme was foiled only because the DA's office had no jurisdiction over Dr. Alona as th~ incident took place on Federal grounds. A subsequent ~---~, ~ naval i11vestigation has already found and concluded that Dr. Alona had acted properly and gave proper treatment and care to tha child. Inspite fo these findings, it seems that these have even further influenced and i biased you adversely against Dro Alonao In the trial of Timothy Read, where Dro Alona was called to testify, it seems clear to me that your adverse fe~ling .- • · ··: against Dro Alona and your definite intent to prosecute him one way or another is clearly shown aby the~fact that no memtion was made at all about the possibility of a second set of burns even after this was brought to your attention by Dr. Alena's military counselo In this light, I conlclude that the charges of criminal perjury filed against Dr. Alona stem from highly suspicious motives on your part. This whole incident is definitely s rneared with unmistakable racist ovorto11es. I stronly demand that these charges be dropped. Sincerely, - NAFL ° FNG NATIONAL AU.I.ANO: ~OR FAI:R Lic:NSURE CF FOREl:GN NURSE GaADOAT:!S 58-22 41st Ave., -Woodzide, N.Y. ll.377 (21. 2) 458-6369 or 677-2509 F O R I M M E D I A T E R E L E A S E =-=s==s=================================== INS AGENTS F..ARRASS NAFL-LEADER Agents of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) tried to barge into the home of Aimee Cruz, National Coordinat0r of the National Alliance For Fair Lic~nsure Of Foreign Nurse Graduates (NAFL-FNG). Ms. Cruz and a visiting woman friend were rudely awakened by INS agent who came to her Woodside Queens apartment in New York City, May 2, 1979. The NAFL~FNG has been in the forefront for defending the rights of FNGs recruited to work in the U.S. hospitals. In an agreement directly negotiated with INS Conmissioner Lionel Castillo.,: Ms. Cruz and the NAFL successfully halted the deportation of foreign nurses who failed the nurses licensure examination. They are currently negotiating for an extension of this agreement. Ms. Cruz op~ned her door to find two agents flashing their badges and demanding to get in. The agents said they wanted to question Ms. Cruz about her organizing work with the Filipino nurses. Ms. Cruz asked whether the agents could show a search warrant or a warrant to show cause. Unable to do so, Ms. Cruz refused the two agents entry. Agent Petrino then proceeded to ask Ms. Cruz questions about the NAFL-FNG. Cruz continued to refuse to answer questions in the absence of her lawyer. Petrino then shoved the door and barked, "Get dressed. You're coming with us downtown." Ms. Cruz adamantly refused and said, "No, you're not taking me anvwhere. An if you take one step into my door you will be in clear violation of my rights." Realizing the futility of their intimidation tactics, Petrino backed down and asked instead to talk to ~s . Cruz's la~er, Mr . Ira Gollobin. . The two agents waited for t"llO hours still pestering Ms . Cruz w.1 th auestions and threats which she firmly ignored as she tried to reach her lawyer. Page 2 Ms. Cruz also decided to contact INS Commissioner Lionel Castillo in an effort to get an explanation. As Castillo was leaving for Europe, his assistant Mr. Thomas responded to Ms. Cruz's call. Mr Thomas talked to agent Petrino who . Ms. Cruz called in to talk on the phone. Petrino claimed that they were just "implementing a memoran- 1 dum to conduct an expeditious investigation." Inspite of Mr. Thomas' advice that they leave, Petrino insisted that they would only do so if ordered by their New York supervisor. Finally, their supervisor, Mr. Stoup said that his agents would leave if Ms. Cruz would agree to appear at the INS office in New YOrk at some date. Ms. Cruz and her lawyer agreed to a date on May 30. Mr. Stoup finally agreed to instruct his agents to leave after obtaining Ms. Cruz's birthplace and birthdate and .her consent to meet with the INS New YOrk . pn May 30 in the presence of her lawyer. After having received the information they requested, Petrino nevertheless attempted to subject Ms. Cruz to further questioning. Cruz returned to her lawyer and told the agents a reminder from Mr. Gollobin that they were already clearly out of leg~i bounds and the two agents prepared to leave. In an act of desperation the agents left, shouting and hurling threats in -·- r1s. Cruz's doorway, accusing her and her guest of being the most "impolite Filipinos" thev have ever met. - Ms. Cruz was quick to remind them that awareness and readiness to fight for the observance of one's individual rights are considered impolite by only those who do not respect these rights in the first place. The agents continued with their rabid and foul threats by furiously shaking their fingers, declaring that "We will scrutinize your file and if we find a single thing and we can make a case on anything at all we'il get you.' Page 3 HARRASSMENT ON THE NAFL-FNG Asked what the sudden visit of the INS agents could possibly signify, Ms. Cruz said, "Some forces out there do not like what the NAFL is doing in protecting the rights of FNGs and they are trying to intimidate us to prevent our work form going on. This can be the only reason for this harrassment." Ms. Cruz added that although she feels angry about the violation of individual rights, she is even more angry that the harrassment is directed against the democratic rights of groups and individual aliens, minorities in particular, to fight for their democratic rights. She added, "Now I know hoaw the H-l nurse feels when faced with these forms of intimidation. Now I know how shaterring it feels to be treated like a c~iminal by the INS." Chapters of the NAFL-FNG are calling for a community meeting.to discuss the incident and to plan out a campaign to defend the leaders of the NAFL-FNG and the organization as a whole from further harrassment from the INS. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sacramento Anti-Martial Law Alliance - Chapter Notes: Aimee Cruz (Fenkell Papers, Box 1, Folder 13) Subject The topic of the resource Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) National Alliance for Fair Licensure for Foreign Nurse Graduates (NAFL-FNG) Immigration Deportation--United States Intimidation Description An account of the resource Documents from the Sacramento Anti-Martial Law Alliance's on Aimee Cruz. Cruz was the National Coordinator for the National Alliance for Fair Licensure for Foreign Nurse Graduates (NAFL-FNG). Her role with NAFL-FNG was noted by the harassment by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nina (Liz) Fenkell Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/CNE/1.0/?language=en">COPYRIGHT NOT EVALUATED </a> <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/CNE/1.0/?language=en">NON-COMMERCIAL USE PERMITTED </a>For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at <a href="mailto:ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu">ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu</a>. Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa012_s001_0238-0253 ucdw_wa012_s001_f013 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fenkell Family collection Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1Njai6dEkdTZ0M2ArMlwUV3DeeLd8MEBu?usp=sharing">JPG Images</a> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rKfwgEwOI4RgcNI5xs6QfYoyNkrx_p20/view?usp=sharing">Text-Searchable PDF</a> Document Text Document text (OCR Text with errors; See <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rKfwgEwOI4RgcNI5xs6QfYoyNkrx_p20/view?usp=sharing">PDF</a> for complete text) The CALENDAR PROJECT The lasr hundred years have witnessed the massive movements of millions of people, all over the world, to remake cheir societies, in attempts to eliminate exploicarion, poveny and oppression. Unfortunately, such important events and activities are very seldom reflected in our calendars which we refer day to day in the course of the year. Therefore, Tala-arawang Bayan (People· s Calendar) is meant to begin co commemorate and high light some of the past and current people's struggles for social justice. The major focus of the calendar concentrates on the progressive struggles of che Filipino people, both in the Philippines and here in America. In rhe last IO years in particular, there has emerged a noticeable progressive and revolutionary coumercurrent in Philippine cul tu re stemming from the heighrened srruggles which have shaken Philippine society during rhe 60's and 70's. This year's People's Calendar will feature the painrings and poems of a few of the Filipino artists and poets whose work have begun to gain prominence in recenr >·ears. The Tala-arawang Bayan is produced annually by the Kattpunan ng mga Demokratikong P,ltpino (Union of Democratic Filipinos) as primarily an educational service for the expanding progressive movement among rilipmos in America. Ktipunan ng mga Demokratikong Pilipino (KDP) The Kattpunan ng mga Demokrattkong Pil,pino (KDP) 1s a mass organization based in the United States and is committed primarily to the struggle for the basic and long-term needs of the Filipino people, both in the Philippines and here m America. Because of this, KDP supports th e struggle of the Filipino people against the Marcos dictatorship and pledges to help build a broad-based movement among Filipinos m the United States to oppose mania! law. However, KDP sees ,hat the root cause of all the mi!>ery and poverty in rhe Philippines is the imperialist control , exercised pnncipally by the U.S., over the ecunomy and politics of rhe country. The Filipino people can solve this basic problem only through long and difficult revolutionary struggle for a truly genuine democrauc and independent Philippines. Here in the United States, KDP is committed to struggling for rhe democratic rights of the Filipino minority. KDP views the racial and national discrimination experienced by the Filipino people as part of1 and stemming from, the monopoly capitalist system in the United States. Our analysis shows that the United Stares government is in fact nor democratic, but in the hands of a tiny minority of monopoly industrialists and bankers. KDP sees that the people of the U.S. also need fundamental, revolutionary change to solve rhe basic ills that plague American society. The KDP understands that the working class must firmly control the government before it can rightfully be termed a government "of the people and for the people." KDP sees that greater numbers of Filipinos are coming to these same political understandings. KDP is an organization open to all who agree with our political programme. In addition, KDP is committed to working in close cooperation wirh alJ progressive Filipinos to build a strong Filipino people 's movement in America. KDP has chapters in most major cities where there are Filipino communities. Inquiries regarding KDP should be sent to P.O. Box 23644, Oakland, CA 94623 . For up-to-date information on the Philippines and the Filipino community here in the U.S., read Ang Kattpunan , national newspaper of the KDP. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource People's Calendar 1979 - Tala Arawang Bayan (Fenkell Papers, Box 1, Folder 10) Subject The topic of the resource Artists Art and revolutions Katipunan ng mga Demokratikong Pilipino (KDP) Union of Democratic Pilipinos Description An account of the resource This Calendar project by the Katipunan ng mga Demokratikong Pilipino (KDP, Union of Democratic Pilipinos) contains artwork and poetry from Filipino artists. The calendar also contains a brief biography of KDP, biographies for Emmanuel Lacaba, Orlando astillo, and Pablo Santos, and timeline dates of historic Philippine/Filipino American events. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Katipunan ng mga Demokratikong Pilipino Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en">NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT </a>– EDUCATIONAL / NON-COMMERCIAL USE PERMITTED For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG, PDF Language A language of the resource English, Tagalog Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa012_s001_0224-0237 ucdw_wa012_s001_f010 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fenkell Family collection Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Document Text Document text (OCR Text; See PDF for complete text) DRAFT PF STATEMENT/ LETTER (ADDRESSED TO APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEES??) The Reagan administration's fiscal 1985 foreign assistance request provides for a$ million package to the Philippines. Included in this package is the first installment of the $900 million negotiated under the bases agreement in the amount of $180 million -- $95 million in ESF; $85 million in military grants and loans. American continued and unconditional support to Pres. Marcos is extremely disturbing as it comes at a time when his regime's legitimacy is being seriously questioned, not only by the Filipino people but by the international community as well. Marcos' credibility has plummeted drastically due largely to his government's suspected complicity in the still unsolved assassination of opposition leader Benigno Aquino. As recent events have shown, opposition to the Marcos government has grown dramatically from all sectors of Philippine society. After 11 years of repressive rule, the Filipino people are asserting that their only real chance for true democracy and genuine freedom is for a complete dismantling of the Marcos government. In concrete, a large segment of the opposition has demanded for Pres Marcos' resignation and that a truly free and open electiona can only be guaranteed under a caretaker government that is truly representative of the people. Equally disturbing in the Reagan administration's recommendationf is the nonrecognition of increasing human rights violations committed by the Philippine government, most especially by its armed forces . "The Marcos regime has pursued a policy of repression .•. which the United States has tacitly condoned by continuing to supply military and economic aid without comment," states part of an open ( 2222 letter signed by 45 members of Congress to Pres. Reagan last September 1, aaortly after the Aquino assassination. They also questioned "whether it is in the long-term interest of the United States to continue unconditional support to the Marcos regime in light of its human rights record." Pres. Marcos' record as a human rights violator has been well documented by prominent international organizations such as :Amnesty International and the Lawyers Committee for International Human Rights. Rather than listen to the popular demands of the Filipino people, the Reagan administration has chosen to protect its perceived military and economic interests in that country. For what seems to concern US foreign policy makers more than anything else is the fate of the two US military installations in the Philippines -- a perception the this vital security interests w 11 be jeopardized in the event a mildly nationalistic government were to replace President Marcos' regime. Concretely, the Reagan administration has decided to support the parliamentary elections in May -- an exercise which attempts to diffuse popular dissent by convincing the opposition to participate in what is appearing to be a futile political undertaking. The Reagan administration hopes that the participation of the opposition would legitimize the National Assembly which is widely considered as a legislature subordinate to the powers of President Marcos. Such a National Assembly can then pave the way for a transition government which would presumably be "friendly" to our country. • 3333 But such a policy clearly runs coAnt r to the desires of the Filipinos for genuine freedom and democratic processes. As Americans concerned about hte preservation of true justice and democracy abroad and the preservation of long-standing ties with the Filipino people, we therefore, oppose this attempt by the Reagan administration to push for these "normalization plans" and "democratic processes" like the forthing elections inorder to maintain our so-called "national security'' interests in the Philippines. By supporting the Filipino people's right to selfdetermination, we would be enforcing a correct and coherent foreigh policy that ruly respects human rights of people everywhere and teir desire to chart their own political destinies. The US government has provided Pres. Marcos with close to a billion dollars in military aid over the last 11 years. The Reagan administration has pledged to give him $900 million more over the next five years. Without US support, Pres. Marcos and other socalled "friendly authoritarian regimes" like Pinochet of Chile the Salvadoran military junta and Botha of South Africa would not be in a position to continue oppressing their people. Giving Pres. Marcos more aid, especially military aid, in the coming period will further strengthen his resolve to unleash his military appartus against anyone critical of his regime. By condoning the reprehensible practices of Pres. Marcos andothers like him, we will in effect be encouraging an unjust and undemocratic foreign policy -- a policy that limits the democratic opposition, suspends human rights and abrogates civil and poltiical liberties. 4444 We are therefore, requesting you, as legislators deliberating on the appropriation of the economic and security assistance to the Philippines that all assistance to the Marcos government be stopped unless the Philippine government has made significant progress in restoring democratic practices and processes in the country and an that significant progress is also made to insure A-UJ-h-u. £ that basic human rights ofthe Filipino are recogBi~ed . STATEMENT OF THE NATIONAL COMMITTEE TO OPPOSE THE MARCOS STATE VISIT President Ferdinand 'v1arc os of the Philippines, a dictator that Washington has proclaimed as a key pillar of its foreign policy in Asia, is coming to the U.S. early thrs tall on an official state visit. · Though the Philippine~; has been a long-standing guardian of U.S. interests in the Pacific, the Reagan administration is the first to extend the official invitation to the dictator. The invitation is not merely a courtesy to Marcos who hosted not only VicePresident Bush, but ex-Secretary of State Haig and Secretary of Defense Weinberger in the past year. Reagan's welcome of Marcos marks the culmination of a 1 1 /2 year public relations effort to perform the impossible: to transform Marcos' image from that of a notorious violator of human rights to that of an "invaluable, democratic ally in defense of the Free World." The thrust of this campaign was clearly stated by Vice-President George Bush's grotesque toast to Marcos during his Manila visit last year: "We love your adherence to democratic rights and processes." Marcos is coming in the midst of an aggressive effort to reestablish U.S. political and military dominance internationally. An essential component of this U.S. strategy is all-out military, diplomatic and economic support to dictatorships in the Third World. To regimes such as that of Marcos, of D'Aubisson in El Salvador, of Duvalier in Haiti-regarded as the only reliable governments left to protect the economic and political interests of the U.S. elite. But this massive support takes a tremendous toll-not only on the people of the Third World, who bear the brunt of U.S.-backed repression, but also on the people of the U.S. who pay the price of severe cutbacks and increasing political repression at home. Nowhere is this more sharply felt than by those such as anti-Marcos activists, Haitian refugees, Salvadoran asylum-seekers -who as we have increasingly witnessed over the past year, are the first to taste the bitter fruits of the reactionary alliance between the Reagan administration and the dictatorships in their homelands. MARCOS: A KEY PAWN IN U.S. STRATEGY FOR ASIA Ever ~ince its defeat in Vietnam, the U.S. has maneuvered to regain hegemony in Asia. Imperative to this hegemony are Subic Naval Base and Clark Air Force Base in the Philippines-which form the axis of the American military strategy in Southeast Asia and the logistical hub of military deployment to the Indian Ocean and the Middle East. The U.S. considers Marcos a reliable security guard for these strategic U.S. bases, and Marcos in exchange for $500 million in military aid, plays host par excellence to the U.S. military'. To this role of faithful watchdog, Washington has recently added another for Marcos: the principal spokesman for ASEAN. Without great difficulty, the U.S. is forging this association of Southeast Asian dictatorships into a cohesive military alliance and the principal mouthpiece for Cold War-style politics in the region. ATTACKING THE OPPOSITION In return for his services, Marcos has received two commitments from Reagan. The first is continued military and economic assistance against the growing popular resistance which threatens to engulf his regime. The second is a promise to silence the vocal Philippine opposition in the United States. The anti-Marcos opposition in the U.S. is a strong and vibrant movement with deep rqots in the Filipino community and alliances within the broader progressive U.S. movement. Its political strength is not only a threat to Marcos, but to the Reagan administration's every move to bolster the repressive regime. Over the last year, Haig's promise to crackdown on "Filipino terrorists" in the U.S. has been translated into a coordinated strategy to destabilize the anti-Marcos opposition. In November 1981, the U.S. signed an Extradition Treaty with the Philippines, the prime object of which is to return Marcos' exile opponents and intimidate the resistance in the U.S. That Treaty is now poised for ratification in the U.S. Senate. That same month, a Federal Grand Jury convened in San Francisco to indict anti-Marcos oppositioriists on charges of "exporting terrorism" under the U.S. Neutrality Act--at the same time that Washington was encouraging the training of Nicaraguan Somocista exiles in Miami to overthrow the Sandinista Government. Earlier, in June 1981, two anti-Marcos labor union activists were gunned down in cold blood in Seattle. Evidence is now surfacing that this act was the fruit of closer coordination between the U.S. and the Philippine intelligence agencies. The Marcos state visit then signifies a new, more dangerous turn in the U.S.-Philippine alliance: in return for t .i1arcos' unqualified loyalty, Reagan has served notice that he will actively assist the effort to extend martial law to the Filipino community in the U.S. The visit is in fact, viewed by U S. and Philippi re officials as a test of whether the threat posed by the Extradition Treaty will be able to intimidate the community from expressing in protest actions and demonstrations the widespread hatred of the dictatorship which most Filipinos share. Reagan is prepared to strip people in the U.S. of their constitutionally guaranteed rights to free speech and political assembly in order to advance a reactionary foreign policy. WHO PAYS THE PRICE Yet the price of the Marcos-Reagan political alliance will be paid not only by the Filipino people and the Filipino community in the U.S. The curtailment of the rights of the Filipino minority opens the door to broader assaults on civil and political liberties. History has shown that restricting the rights of minorities is often a prelude to restricting the rights of all. Moreover, the burden of fortifying repressive regimes like the Marcos dictatorship, the Suazo military government in Honduras and the murderous Salvadoran oligarchy is placed on the working class of this country, and especially its Black and Third World minorities, who are currently being stripped of basic social and economic services by the transfer of billions of dollars from the social budget to the ever-escalating defense budget. Indeed the brutal assault on basic human and political rights being carried out in the Third World by U.S.-backed dictatorships is but the other side of the coin of the massive attack on the fundamental economic and social rights of the people of this administration. SUPPORT THE CAMPAIGN TO OPPOSE THE MARCOS VISIT Ferdinand Marcos' visit is a brazen challenge flung at all of us. It is a tangible symbol of the intersection of U.S. support for repressive regimes abroad and increasing repression at home. We repudiate this cynical attempt to paint this bloody dictator as a committed democrat. We repudiate the political attack on persons whose only crime is to exercise their right to oppose repression in their homeland. We urge you to join the growing nationwide opposition to the state visit of Philippine dictator Marcos. (revised August, 1982) To join the Committee or for more information, contact: W e st Coast:c/o CAMD National Office, P.O. Box 173, Oakland, CA 94668 East Coast: c/o Congress Task Force, 1322 18th St. N.W. Washington D.C. (202) 223-5611 - - Foes have secret plan for a post-Marcos era By Phil Bronstein Examiner staff writer e 1984, San Fnnclsco Examiner Prominent opponents of Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos have drawn up a secret report that maps out their emergency political plans if Marcos should suddenly die or leave office. The plan, obtained by The Examiner from a variety of sources in Manila, includes a list of 12 "standard-bearers" from which opposition presidential and vice-presidential candidates would be chosen. Among those named is Rafael Salas, the Philippines' chief delegate to the United Nations. Under the plan, code-named "Opention Fast Track," a "convener group" of three "who have agreed to take the initiative," will make key initial decisions: Corey Aquino, wife of slain opposition leader Benigno Aquino, aging oppositionlst and former Sen. Lorenzo Tanada and business executive Jaime Ongpin. Organizers of the plan hope Aquino and Tanada will appeal to the blcreastngly influential leftist segment of the Marcos opposition, although there is no guarantee that enough anti-Marcos elements will join "Fast Track" to make it a success. Noting that the ''truly broad spectrum of opposition groups have no agreement on how to get together bl a unified effort," the plan seeks to "avoid the kind of scrambling, quarreling and infighting that will leave the opposition in disarray." Completed last week in its draft form by a small group of Manila businessmen who quietly &(\vise opposition pollticlans, the eightpage plan calls for the complex organm- -See baek page, eol. 4 Eiteminer /Kim Komenlch COREY AQUINO, BENIGNO'S WIDOW Key leader of Phlllpplne oppoaltlon Falwell loses libel suit but gets $200,000 . ROANOKE, Va. (UPD- Sex maga: zine publisher Larry Flynt did not 1libel the Rev. Jerry Falwell by print, tng an advertisement parody calling the evangelist an incestuous drunk, but he did intentionally inflict emotional distress, a federal jury decided last night. The jury ruled there was no libel because the ad's claims, published in the sexually explicit Hustler magazine, were too outrageous to be believed. But it said Falwell was entitled to $100,00> in actual damages for emotional distress and $100,00> in punitive damages for what it said was a malicious parody. Flynt's lawyers said they planned 'to ask U.S. District Court Judge James Turk to set aside the award and said -See Page AS, eol. 1 Ar . U) Everyone ha duties to the <'ommun1ty 'n which alone the free and full dev<'lopm nt of hi ersonality is possible. (2) In the xerdse of his rights and fre doms, ev1'ryo all be ubjert only to such lim1Lations a ar · determined by law solely for the pur osc of e<"uring du rerognition and respect for the right and freed ms of other and of meeting the jus r quir<'mcnt o! morality, publk order and the general welfar, in democ:a-atic IOCi ty. (3) TheM · us and freedoms may in no case be ............ === exNe:.·,•d rontr ry to the purpo c and princip f the Unit d Nation . Artfrl 30. Nothin, in thi. Dl' larali n m y rpn• t,·d a'l implying for any .'l. tr, gr up or p r n any right to <>ngage in ny activity or to perform an • act · imcd at th d<' trurtion of any of the ri ht and frc doms s t forth herein. A opted by th G nera.l Assembly, on 10th D e 1948 . r THE FILIPINO AS CONTRACT LABORER by Lloyd H. Fisher 1 ••• The remaining group of agricultural laborers who played a significant role in the labor force attached to California agriculture was the Filipino. Still prominent at present, major immigration of Filipinos to California took place during the period 1920 to 1930, In this decade some 31,000 Filipinos entered California, of whom the majority found employment in agriculture. The Filipino was, by most criteria, well adapted to rnagratory work. As a group it was young, male, and single. The handicaps of a strange language, an alien culture, and a different skin color served to exclude the Filipino from cnany occupations to which he might have proved even better adapted than to agriculture; and, as had proved the case with other minority groups, agriculture with its virtual absence of conventional employment standards, was the beneficiary. The case of the Filipino was much like that of the Japanese. Labor was organized under a contract system which closely resembled the Japanese form of organization. Although the following account is more enthusiastic than others of the period, its description of the "club" organization of the Filipino work force is essentially accurate. As a migratory laborer, the Filipino has been largely employed in salmon canneries, fruit farms, vegetable gardens and sugar-beet ranches. In the Salinas beet and lettuce fields they formerly received fifteen cents an hour, but in the summer of 1933 their pay was raised to twenty cents an hour. A day's work varies from five to ten hours. The men work in gangs under a labor contractor who recruits, organizes, boards and disciplines them, and to whom they, in r-.eturn, pay sixty cents a day for baths, board and room in "clubs" or camps where they have Filipino food. A labor contractor may operate from 30 to 120 men in several gangs. Some of these "clubs" are only crude white-washed shacks, but there is a tendency, in building new camps, for the labor contractor to make them attractive little cottage communities, with facilities for recreation for the men when off duty. The labor boss, in turn, contracts with the larger farmers or big agricultural companies to bring his gang and pick a field of lettuce or weed a field of sugar-beets. The work is done quickly and efficiently and just when it is needed. When the job is finished the gang piles into the contractor's trucks and goes off to the camp or to another job,23 And further in an accute passage Palmer remarks: It is very interesting to observe the type of Filipino community which is growing up in Salinas on the basis of a group of some three thousand agricultural laborers, practically all unmarried young men .• ,.The chief organizations are the Labor Supply Association, the newspaper, the various clubs, and the churches. The Labor Supply Association seems to be somewhat like a Chinese trade guild. Its dominant directing element is made up of the labor contractors, but the laborers themselves are also members in a sort of junior capacity. 24 It .is precisely this guild character which distinguished the ,,Japamese and Filipino contract system from the Mexican and Chinese. It is --~----------- --- 3 opportunities, he organizes the workers into groups, he may direct their migration, and he may obtain better terms for the contract group whom he represents. In the absence of a well-functioning labor exchange, he to some extent plays the role which they should play. It is only because of the absence of such labor exchanges, which would gather information about labor demand and labor supply from week to week and would hand it on to the migratory wo::-ker, that there is room for the contractor to function •••• 27 This is closer to the mark, but still underestimates the services rendered by labor contractors, particularly services rendered to employers. The following chapter will examine these services in detail. From this examination should emerge a clearer insight into the organizing role of the labor contractor in a most disorganized market. N,@TES. 23Albert W. Palmer, Orientals¥! American Life, Friendship Press, 1934,2£· 79. - Ibid., p. 8. 25Brawley (California)~. November 20, 1935. 26 Ibid,, December 19, 1935, 27mgratory Labor £!l California, p. 208. --- Editorial From: '/-IJ.3 Los Angeles Times Blustering In Manila The Fourth of July observance of Filipino-American Friendship Day took a different turn this year in Manila. Close to 1,000 Filipinos congregated in front of the American Embassy to demonstrate their dissatisfaction with U.S. policy. They were protesting too much friendship, not too little. They were angry about the support of their president, Ferdi• nand E. Marcos, that they perceived in the visit of Secretary of State George P. Shultz 10 days earlier. Shultz had conveniently and correctly focused on the "very special" relationship between the two nations rather than on Philippine leadership, thus at least avoiding the embarrassment that followed on Vice President George Bush's praise for Marcos-style democracy on a previous visit. We can assume that in private Shultz may have dug a bit deeper. Reporters traveling with the secretary of state were reminded by "senior officials" in the party that "the Marcos regime is entering its twilight, and we don't want to find ourselves in the same position we did in Iran when the shah was overthrown." Dealing with despots is never as easy as demonstrators would have us believe. And dealing with Marcos is complicated by the historic connection that also accounts for two much-prized bases. American control over Subic Bay Naval Base and Clark Air Base will expire In 1991, just about the time when there will likely be a struggle for control of the country. Marcos made the matter no easier in his petulant and irrelevant response to visiting congressmen, concerned about human rights in the Philippines. He suggested that he would turn to the Soviet Union if Americans failed to come up with the $900 million assistance program agreed on for the next five years. The implication In his rude remarks 'f'.as that thi~ I~ TP!1t 'fl" thP ha•P• "" doubtless was reminded later by cooler staff members that American rights to the bases are absolute until 1991, and foreign concern about his excesses of power cannot provide an excuse to change that. The Filipinos In front of the American Embassy may have attributed more power and Influence to America than it has. Washington has not ruled Manila for a very long time. The Filipinos, not the Americans, are going to decide what to do next. But the process of the succession has been complicated by corruption, by a widening gap between rich and poor, and by the erosion of democracy and freedom that have characterized Marcos' control of the nation. American officials have sometimes chosen to Ignore these problems In their single-minded commitment to maintaining the bases. That may prove, In 1991, to have been a riskier policy tban pursuing orlnclples as well as bases. I I I I I' ' I I SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA, Saturday, September 17, 1983 ~;,,ilippine Protests Grow In the first major display of anti-government sentiments In the Filipino business community, workers In Makatl took to the UP streets Friday carrying opposition leader Salvador Laur, calllng tor the resignation of President Ferdinand Marcos. I I I I I I I I ◄ ◄ ◄ ◄ Marcos Rival Reported Shot In Philippines MANILA (UPI) - Self-exiled Philippine opposition leader Benigno Aquino was gunned down seconds after he was whisked by military agents from a jetliner bringing him back to his homeland today, witnesses aboard the plane said. Passengers, including severa l journalists on board the China Airlines plane, said they saw Aquino lying in a pool of blood on the airport tarmac, his head nearly severed. Witnesses said there was a flurry of shots seconds after Aquino left the aircraft in the custody of security men who boarded the plane on its arrival today. "Aquino was lying in a pool of blood," said United Press International's Max Vanzi, who flew in on the plane with Aquino. "Blood was -gushing out his head and his mouth. They stuffed his body Benigno Aquino in a military van and drove away." Bee file photo Witnesses reported seeing a man in civilian clothes fire a shot at Aquino. The man was then shot by soldiers and slumped to the ground, they said. At least two witnesses said they saw uniformed men fire at Aquino from a distance of 3 feet. "They shot him," a stunned passenger who was one of the first people off the plane said. "I couldn't see him but they shot him because I heard it," said the passenger who asked not to be identified. Hundreds of supporters wearing yellow ribbons and carrying signs reading "Welcome Home, Ninoy" waited outside the airport, unaware that Aquino had been shot. The airport had been placed under tight security Saturday night in anticipation of Aquino's return. A ramp leading to several gates on the south side of the new Manila International Airport were sealed off by several heavily armed security men, who refused to allow journalists into the arrival area. Aquino's family, including his mother and nine brothers and sisters and several top Filipino opposition leaders, were waiting in an airport lounge. • See GUNSHOTS, Back Page, A28 .................... _....Ar.. ............... * * • The Sacramento Bee • Sunday, August 21, 1983 .t.n. 0 .c tn C ::, C, ◄ ·- -- .. - .. - .. - - -- .--...-___ - - Marcos Rival Reported Shot In' Philippines MANILA (UPI) - Self-exiled Philippine opposition leader Benigno Aquino was gunned down seconds after he was whisked by military agents from a jetliner bringing him back to his homeland today, witnesses aboard the plane said. Passengers, including several journalists on board the China Airlines plane, said they saw Aquino lying In a pool of blood on the airport tarmac, his head nearly severed. Witnesses said there was a flurry of shots seconds after Aquino left the aircraft in the custody of security men who boarded the plane on its arrival today. "Aquino was lying in a pool of blood," said United Press Interna• tional's Max Vanzi, who flew in on the plane with Aquino. "Blood wa5 gushing out his head . . and his mouth. They stuffed his body Benigno Aquino Bee file photo in a military van and drove away." Witnesses reported seeing a man in civilian clothes fire a shot at Aquino. The man was then shot by soldiers and slumped to the ground, they said. At least two witnesses said they saw uniformed men fire at Aquino from a distance of 3 feet. "They shot him," a stunned passenger who was one of the first people off the plane said. "I couldn't see him but they shot him because I heard ii," said the passenger who asked not to be identified. Hundreds of supporters wearing yellow ribbons and carrying signs reading "Welcome Home, Ninoy" waited outside the airport, unaware that Aquino had been shot. The airport had been placed under tight security Saturday night in anticipation or Aquino's return. A ramp leading to several gates on the south side of the new Manila l11ternational Airport were seated off by several heavily armed securj, ty men, who refused to allow journalists into the arrival area. Aquino's family, including his mother and nine brothers and sisters' and several top Fillpino opposilloil leaders, were waiting in an alrpott lounge. See GUNSHOTS, Back Page, AZ8 , ....... , .... Ar,. .. . ...... .... .. * * * The Sec:nlmento IN • Sunclai,, Augult 21, 1913 ~~=.sc O Q.) ctl 0 =., S-c;:: ~-~cu~~ B-g58."ii ~-;~ ~~ .2~ f i!?C .8 ~ ~-!a~ "0 "C au~ - E ._ __ G.>O-QJQJ .... - :> "C -c-- ., 4'·- .c: t: ., ~e :!;-c:, .. f 4l ., g~~:56 S.S!~; § e 3 : ~ ., --Y.l ~E§~-~ - ~ rJ') .c 'i:::, "ii r.n o O. >-4' u c~ ~ '-~ 0 i,ij = "C 0) QC 0. ctl C - >, -~CO ~£f ·~ ~ 8~~ ~-; E~ ~ g~ e., f---~~_g-= C (I) • OON -= ~~ :~:es; - ·- QJ -~ ~ ~ .c-: u., - 4l ::e . "ii N - ~~ ., ::, 0. g.~~~.s <Eal~~ <5"'"' .c: ., 4l f-, u <I) ~~~ ~~-; ~;~ ~~o ·-De, fc g "C QJ ·- c e.; 4l C C cu '- ·- .c ~; ~ im .c: 4l ., oS~ ·= >, gii :JDr:: 1' -<t::., e 0 C-- 0.., .c: -casg~:2 i 1a·; :~ "'"' r::1'.!!.c: --< ..... _ ·co u coo a, Q,~ =;; ::e C c, Co, C 0 ~:::, OD ·-:,::: .!!l ~.,..: f:g;c~~ ~-j-'f; s,_ e as 0.Civ QJ cu=IV:> - .c __ "Co c ~.c·rnz .2,::,G>Q.~c ~ i~ ~ Q. ·; 8.~ s:: 0 ~ 8°"'~0-~·a 5 eg-~~ "\s ~ t§ ~-4i=·i.t: •A :::: "'.c: Oil o 2 v, as :S - C 0.~ - C ._ g_ ~ 8. ~ .... ~~i E g-.m 0 < OE~ctlQJQJ ., u; ctl 6 ~== .c ::a"'u·.::f«i 1:1. U t O ·; QJ :i •A E rJ 'E ·; "' t:: o v, e ua,r::r~&.E C "" .. 4'<·- 0.:, & .. i"'- t.,,::J U'J"C ::s 1 i>9 -;; Cl c:'"" Oo C, -= !.!!! ''olil i<~::;-,_:5i 1.1 "':;;t m ;;;~ "0 ~ 4l - .c: ::, 4l - 0 .c: 4l "'~::! 0., > c ae -; 4l 0. .\!i r::rS:l:! C <m:,4' -cu 8 E ·;: cu B U'J c.c.g .. 0 Y.l - GJ.::.: a.i OJ > v- :> ctl CE D:, _ - C: ctl 0 0 ctl vi .:., ...., v.i C CO ~~5B~ mB=t:-o tiC o ~-!! .!!lc:,-4ic en_ - QJ 0 Q"C c,::, ~~~-~~1{j ·- ti) - u .c .c fls~ijll -c (,.) 0 "C ti) e ffl.!:~ ca~ '°a:i>. ~~ -o::eOl)~•a..: "ij O.C<l)U .c"go~~o QJ ctl _g...: Q.) ~ :c'E~f§E ~ f--,t >t.,J.1 .,. • - --- -~--~/¼E - Editorial From:----------------------, New York Times The Right Messag~ To Manila President Reagan catls it only a postponement caused by the press of bu iness in Congress, but he has reached the nght decision · to cancel next month's visit to Manila. The ugly murder of President Marcos' pohllcal foe. Benigno Aquino. is still far from properly explained . Reagan had no business embracing the embattled dictator or involving himself in any other way in the struggle between his regime and a newly aroused opposition. It is simple prudence to stay a"ay and good diplomacy to drop Thailand and Indonesia from the itinerary as well. By not singling out the Philippines. Reagan avoids any responsibility for compounding Marcos· difficulties. But whatever the pretext. Reagan's absence will convey a desirable message. The more Marcos has tried to explain away the murder or his rival as he was returning from asylum in the United States, the less convincing he has been. His own commission of inquiry has all but collapsed. Demonstrations or opposition to his rule have now been seen even among his once-arc\ent supporters in Manila's financial district. With the help or a loyal army, and for lack or a clear alternatlw, Marcos may ride out this most serious challenge in 17 years. What be cannot easily recover is his moral authority. And it is not for Americans to bestow it. The United States' two vital bases in the Philippines and its historic obligatipns to that country require It to avoid taking sides in the evolving civil strife. These interests also require pressing Marcos to reestablish democracy before the violence spreads and plays into th~ bands of radical extremists. Reaga.n's canceJlation is a good way to begin. ~-~~---- ------------:------.. ---~-------7 • • The Secramento Bee • Wednesday, August 24, 1983 &a Name Stitched In Underwear Brings Clue In Aquino's Death By Ron Redmond MANILA. Philippines (UPI) The first firm clue in the assassination of Benigno Aquino emerged Tuesday from the nickname "Rolly" stitched in the clothing of the man the government said killed the opposition leader. Filipino leftists denied there had been any Communist involvement in the assassination of the charismatic, 50-year-old Aquino, as charged Monday by President Ferdinand Marcos. Manila police chief Maj. Gen. Prospero Olivas said investigators were trying to trace the serial number of the .357 Magnum handgun allegedly used to shoot Aquino moments after his arrival Sunday from three years of exile in the United States. Salvador Laurel, president of the United National Democratic Opposition and a member of the country's interim assembly, gave an address before the Parliament Tuesday, denouncing the "treacherous" murder of Aquino. He reiterated questions raised earlier by opposition leaders over bow the assailant was able to penetrate airport security and get past military guards to shoot Aquino at close range. Marcos· defense minister, Juan Ponce Enrile, also addressed the assembly, saying that "any hint of any participation of the military in the killing of Aquino is unpleasant and undeserved." "There are lots of possibilities and we must wait for the results of the investigation," he said. The Batasang Pambansa, a rubber- stamp parliament, unanimously passed a bipartisan resolution expressing the profound grief of the Filipino people at the death of Aquino. "He died of a heinous crime that cannot be condoned by any civilized society," the resolution said. "His statements prior to his arrival in the Philippines, as well as one intended for delivery upon arrival, uniformly showed his clear desire for national reconciliation and unity." Government television said the name Rolly, a nickname for Rolando sewn in brown thread in the alleged gunman's underwear, was "the first firm lead" in the case. Olivas said the man also wore a gold ring with the initial "R." The alleged assassin was shot down in a volley of military gunfire seconds after the government said he fired a single bullet into the back of Aquino's head. U.S. authorities are helping in the investigation or the assassination of Filipino opposition leader Benigno S. Aquino Jr., the U.S. Embassy said today. In response to charges that military guards killed Aquino, officials said at least seven soldiers had been disarmed and tests would be conducted to determine who had fired weapons during the brief burst of gunfire on the tarmac of Manila airport. Tens of thousands of Filipinos packed sealed-off streets outside the family home in suburban Quezon City for the second day to view Aquino's bloodstained corpse on display in an open casket. Aquino's family flew to Manila from Boston, where Aquino had taught at Harvard University and the Massacusetts Institute of Technology. The United States has urged Marcos to find those responsible for the killing and bring them to justice. The inquiry could influence President Reagan's decision on whether to proceed with plans to visit Manila in November. The government's offlcia autopsy report listed the cause of Aquino's death as "brain laceration and intracranial hemorrhage" secondary to a gunshot wound to the head. Three bullet fragments were found inside the single bullet wound and given to authorities for ballistics tests, the report said. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s-1j07tK995Yek07Phhb2q0qfcJvDDr5?usp=sharing">JPG Images</a> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1s6I1Kf6dPdqeF1Zzszuh7KTqfNcwcLnk/view?usp=sharing">Text-Searchable PDF</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Newspapers & Misc. Publications (Fenkell Papers, Box 1, Folder 9) Subject The topic of the resource Martial law -- Philippines Marcos, Ferdinand E. (Ferdinand Edralin), 1917-1989 Aquino, Corazon Cojuangco People Power Movement Philippines -- History -- Revolution, 1986 Description An account of the resource Articles, newspaper excerpts regarding the Marcos Dictatorship, the Benigno Assassination, Filipino contract laborers, and the People Power movement in the Philippines Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970s-1980s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">IN COPYRIGHT – EDUCATIONAL / NON-COMMERCIAL USE PERMITTED</a> For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at <a href="mailto:ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu">ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu</a>. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG, PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa012_s001_0205-0223, ucdw_wa012_s001_f009 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fenkell Family collection Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1lCAjU1MtQLopKoiQCQ5rtp8YV7WriZWt?usp=sharing">JPG Images</a> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1egMp6yODODlmaMrhfpd8_6pl7Mh6sgfK/view?usp=sharing">Text-Searchable PDF</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Misc. Local Organization Files (KDP [Katipunan ng mga Demokratikong Pilipino/ Union of Democratic Pilipinos], CMD) (Fenkell Papers, Box 1, Folder 8) Subject The topic of the resource Ang Katipunan (newspaper) Fundraising Katipunan ng mga Demokratikong Pilipino Union of Democratic Pilipinos KDP Extradition Boycotts Political Prisoners Coalition Against the Marcos Dictatorship Extradition Act of 1981 Description An account of the resource These documents contain fundraising activities for the Union of Democratic Filipinos & Coalition against the Marcos Dictatorship (Sacramento Chapters), along with fact sheets detailing Martial Law in the Philippines. Additionally, this folder contains fact sheets, press releases, and correspondences Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nina (Liz) Fenkell Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1984 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">IN COPYRIGHT</a> - Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies and the University of California Regents hold intellectual control of the material. Educational and non-profit usage permitted. For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG, PDF Language A language of the resource English, Tagalog Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa012_s001_0175-0204 ucdw_wa012_s001_f008 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fenkell Family collection Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/17Z1FfUCjNPowe_KJlNfCSGHMsKDOezLw?usp=sharing">JPG Images</a> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_OihHZbmC7Z_v9xBGj31rQ1Sze55vutV/view?usp=sharing">Text-Searchable PDF</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Four Years of Martial Law in the Philippines, Essays on Marcos Dictatorship, 1972-1976" (Fenkell Papers, Box 1, Folder 7) Subject The topic of the resource Martial law -- Philippines political prisoners Militarization -- Philipines Military bases, American -- Social aspects. Description An account of the resource Reprinted by the Union of Democratic Filipinos, this report includes various reports on the Marcos Dictatorship, political Maneuvers, Economic Policies, U.S. Assistance to the Marcos Regime, The Torture of Prisoners, The Urban and Rural Resistance, and The Anti-Martial Law Movement outside of the Philippines Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pandayan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/CNE/1.0/?language=en">COPYRIGHT NOT EVALUATED </a>NON-COMMERCIAL USE PERMITTED For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG, PDf Language A language of the resource English, Tagalog Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa012_s001_0154-0174 ucdw_wa012_s001_f007 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fenkell Family collection Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1tgmNTjk899AAlSGILb9Ng9Q9_NoW3Cv0?usp=sharing">JPG Images</a> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jUDMjdft0W9E_lv3DBVXCbTqkpDHIEa9/view?usp=sharing">Text-Searchable PDF</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coalition Against Marcos Dictatorship-Philippines Solidarity Network - 10th Annual Conference (Fenkell Papers, Box 1, Folder 6) Subject The topic of the resource Berkeley (Calif.) Grenada Martial law -- Philippines Filipino Americans -- Political activity -- Politics and government -- 20th century Aquino, Benigno Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nina (Liz) Fenkell Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en">NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT - Educational/Non-profit usage permitted </a> For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpg/pdf Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa012_s001_0140-0153 ucdw_wa012_s001_f006 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fenkell Family collection Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1scdX2lzrZu8z-st4mVM91kgBk2AaV2LW?usp=sharing">JPG Images</a> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/17StzBNAHBslZVwX5072_1IDop29pk_i3/view?usp=sharing">Text-Searchable PDF</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coalition Against Marcos Dictatorship-Philippines Solidarity Network - Memos and Guidelines (Fenkell Papers, Box 1, Folder 5) Subject The topic of the resource Political prisoners Martial law -- Philippines Filipino Americans -- Political activity -- Politics and government -- 20th century Philippine Commission on Human Rights Marcos, Ferdinand E. (Ferdinand Edralin), 1917-1989 Assassinations Description An account of the resource Documents pertaining to CAMD/PSN activities in 1984, along with memos and guidelines. This folder also contains a comprehensive listing of political assassinations conducted by the Marcos regime in the Philippines (See Fact Sheet: Fraud, Killings, Characterizes Philippine Election Campaign). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nina (Liz) Fenkell Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource IN COPYRIGHT - NON-COMMERCIAL USE PERMITTED For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF,JPG Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa012_s001_0084-139 ucdw_wa012_s001_f005 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fenkell Family collection Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/12UdxIfAX1QzJIWJ0TFhWjqe-eeLhhpCs?usp=sharing">JPG Images</a> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zTod_KKg0F7NLYoXpGe_H6h72wOwHTSn/view?usp=sharing">Text-Searchable PDF</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coalition Against Marcos Dictatorship-Philippines Solidarity Network, Caroling Campaign (Fenkell Papers, Box 1, Folder 4) Subject The topic of the resource Bay Area Anti-Martial Law Alliance Christmas carols Political prisoners Filipino Americans -- Political activity -- Politics and government -- 20th century Coalition Against the Marcos Dictatorship Philippine Solidarity Network Description An account of the resource Details the 1983-1984 Caroling Campaign, including song lyrics, goals, time frame and talking points. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nina (Liz) Fenkell Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1984 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en">NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT</a> For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fenkell Family collection Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/10UuXDfYeihGBDszha21RwfXG_WAXX5Zm?usp=sharing">JPG Images</a> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1KNgEdVvWNQQxwzR102FB1Sh4t1Je1zjQ/view?usp=sharing">Text-Searchable PDF</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Committee for Justice for Domingo & Viernes - Press Release, Articles, Memorandums (Fenkell Papers, Box 1, Folder 3) Subject The topic of the resource Cindy Domingo Domingo, Silme Viernes, Gene, 1951-1981 Assassination Marcos, Ferdinand E. (Ferdinand Edralin), 1917-1989 Martial law -- Philippines Filipino Americans -- Political activity -- Politics and government -- 20th century Description An account of the resource Documents pertaining to the Assassination of Silme Domingo and Gene Viernes. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nina (Liz) Fenkell Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">IN COPYRIGHT - NON-COMMERCIAL USE PERMITTED</a> For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF,JPG Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fenkell Family collection Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1UDhDfqCRFuko2UjbRjpwRPh3MXw3LMum?usp=sharing">JPG Images</a> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1IhZ6dmXSJoZ8fT3ktz_0x9qm8R9WyDnV/view?usp=sharing">Text-Searchable PDF</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Anti-Martial Law Coalition (National & Local Chapters), Bulletins, Guidelines, Articles (Fenkell Papers, Box 1, Folder 2) Subject The topic of the resource Activism Martial law -- Philippines Filipino Americans -- Political activity -- Politics and government -- 20th century Christmas Anti-martial Law Coalition (Philippines) Description An account of the resource Documents pertaining to the Anti Martial Law Coalition's national endeavors, including the Christmas campaign, building local alliances, newsletter publications, U.S. Bases in the Philippines, and annual schedules. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nina (Liz) Fenkell Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1977-1979 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en">NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT</a> For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fenkell Family collection Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1BEucPxp6-OL9GM-2ITs-drN0eZk40hdn?usp=sharing">JPG Images</a> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Zd29m12Q7EoEAEY-tI8-Memji60-km7F/view?usp=sharing">Text-Searchable PDF</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Anti-Martial Law Coalition" [ALMC-7], Articles and Correspondence (Fenkell Papers, Folder 1, Box 1) Subject The topic of the resource Activism Martial law -- Philippines Filipino Americans -- Political activity -- Politics and government -- 20th century Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1978 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">IN COPYRIGHT - NON-COMMERCIAL USE PERMITTED</a> For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF, JPG Description An account of the resource Documents pertaining to the ALMC-7, who were 7 ALMC members who participated in a peaceful protest at the Philippines consulate in San Francisco. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nina (Liz) Fenkell https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/11651/archive/files/ada085c3faef5cdd661945e3b1941fc5.mp3?Expires=1777507200&Signature=HPBVn-WDtBbe4TWNWCdfeTB9tuR79lUBFJ9BbnKzp8hTK3ADV0nuA5w37fFoFEAPN8KOb-B4jJb0nSpq7M4VnGkLkQRXVvRHKg5escQ8K6R8b9Iu9-hK-KcKEJ0ULW63uDN5qNfMl3BuRjnhBqDqfDoLWfYReNnbyemBgBF2uLM6dyzormtaCKUvrH0c7VQr76y7uZ2E1OqSEJF3QOpt9bhlWwOY1mJ36BB2lpyYg7d873QezeZtXBwgOZQTHaq19W9n6Q5ceatId9mT0FXIfZoqxCJ72YYvukMib32gERpAM1qxygeLsicbsy018R9Q138Ilfk8GkQFsOrZnfCimQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e30db6ea468032d98298ad015b7b1ae0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Filipinos in the Sacramento Region Oral History Project Subject The topic of the resource The oral histories interviews record the history of Filipinos in the Sacramento Region (City of Sacramento, City of Elk Grove, Sacramento Delta towns) from the early 20th century to the present. Topics consist of the history of Sacramento’s Filipino community, social organizations (such as Filipino Community of Sacramento and Vicinity, the Filipino Women’s Club, and Sacramento Filipino Youth Association), farmworkers in Sacramento and the Sacramento Delta, recreation activities and community get-togethers, Filipino American veterans, American Legion Post 604 Magellan, the Rizal Community Center, and plans for a community-owned Filipino Center. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Leo and Alice Salinas Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Allan Jason Sarmiento Link <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wTx4PQKR4IH8F6E4Bhnwi8QRq6ypKiVW/view?usp=sharing">https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wTx4PQKR4IH8F6E4Bhnwi8QRq6ypKiVW/view?usp=sharing</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oral History Interview with Leo and Irene Salinas Description An account of the resource Oral History Interview with Leo and Irene Salinas Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa017_s001_0008 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 9-Sep-20 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies and the UC Davis Asian American Studies department holds intellectual control of these recordings. Usage is restricted for educational, non-commercial purposes only. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Audio Recording https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/11651/archive/files/55e0e567a588e6c08a6ccc58869b675e.mp3?Expires=1777507200&Signature=kDxLiN9E8Of4%7EKdpbKTxuPqD9lCrlsi-NKH6P2SPy%7EdOZ0Jkc12zbTs9SU5M-WDLPbYU5TJaTXZ-0N%7EFAcTUfn3uSYNLH-L%7EeofCB%7EE3IIYHI81bletZwX5SKHX3eyIghOVPl%7Ec6KkPXmGAApP7BsqS25OMw87-HauaT0BbE2D5Tu4oYLv-QUZhuJxXnhfHPP1fBIiASCEbWFMCI3sKwtb%7EBOwwXi0LLSr8e1j0z9CqY9Md13wm%7ETXjC4g0DazGdPBOG%7EHdYd4s8tarici3WfOdquFCXuSJYA3Wh995pxvj-T6KEXAub4j3GImCST4U-Oj4XPdg%7EMUvnJAAeDDfsuA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ec74451efc45959f60ef0dc15bd5dde1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Filipinos in the Sacramento Region Oral History Project Subject The topic of the resource The oral histories interviews record the history of Filipinos in the Sacramento Region (City of Sacramento, City of Elk Grove, Sacramento Delta towns) from the early 20th century to the present. Topics consist of the history of Sacramento’s Filipino community, social organizations (such as Filipino Community of Sacramento and Vicinity, the Filipino Women’s Club, and Sacramento Filipino Youth Association), farmworkers in Sacramento and the Sacramento Delta, recreation activities and community get-togethers, Filipino American veterans, American Legion Post 604 Magellan, the Rizal Community Center, and plans for a community-owned Filipino Center. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Alice Evangelista Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Vince Feliciano Link <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gqISFAkOD9SgEGKKLRGgEMlv55n3mPGQ/view?usp=sharing">https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gqISFAkOD9SgEGKKLRGgEMlv55n3mPGQ/view?usp=sharing</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oral History Interview with Alice Evangelista Description An account of the resource Oral history interview with Alice Evangelista Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa017_s001_0006 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 8-Sep-20 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies and the UC Davis Asian American Studies department holds intellectual control of these recordings. Usage is restricted for educational, non-commercial purposes only. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Audio Recording https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/11651/archive/files/46da1d02c5176b328ed10a57c34ee0ac.mp3?Expires=1777507200&Signature=UQivzcSv5KUIfjEX6zzmjlE9aP%7EzwVy6paR5%7ERXhK1MyVbUk%7ElbFT4ugEVEmyPU%7EuGvdPs7thAi73L3fRtoh79gG3TBtTZiD%7EgF1afX5nens08krjG9MQ4lQ52GQMExKcJLyefRQaaoGEQry6NfT4vZEotIV4h5SfiMwH5hUPv14CrcpUHf5DsfaP36B0RjV6y5RyJ4KLdDgsc-o0F%7EKioHL-D5ETWj7%7ERSMLi-KCLMIQN8dKVzHL0LthCKjNiCqgcHh6FDXEAvb5%7Eg9hP4HhO5sVBt4ydBt-3LmojpnsIkHEvevpGBg8J5jCTGKwqQEY-H4Evwezj6ft0zWWUVTFg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 74d4ac6e7a21ccb246685af8fa6b1706 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Filipinos in the Sacramento Region Oral History Project Subject The topic of the resource The oral histories interviews record the history of Filipinos in the Sacramento Region (City of Sacramento, City of Elk Grove, Sacramento Delta towns) from the early 20th century to the present. Topics consist of the history of Sacramento’s Filipino community, social organizations (such as Filipino Community of Sacramento and Vicinity, the Filipino Women’s Club, and Sacramento Filipino Youth Association), farmworkers in Sacramento and the Sacramento Delta, recreation activities and community get-togethers, Filipino American veterans, American Legion Post 604 Magellan, the Rizal Community Center, and plans for a community-owned Filipino Center. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Josefina Patria Link <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1y9-ubFJvQHCoeLollmFBpF0CztxZZfGs/view?usp=sharing">https://drive.google.com/file/d/1y9-ubFJvQHCoeLollmFBpF0CztxZZfGs/view?usp=sharing</a> Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Deanna Tayag Finding Guide Interview Finding Guide for the Oral History of Josie Patria [0:00-10:00] Place of birth in 1939 - Growing up in Quezon City - Parents’ Occupation (father was an insurance agent and mother was an elementary school teacher) - Parents’ Education - Siblings (two brothers and two sisters) - Immigration to the United State through Transferring to Sacramento State - Inspiration for becoming a Teacher (1st grade teacher, Mrs. Rodriguez) - Higher Education Experience - Application to Teach in Sacramento [10:01-20:00] Experience at Sacramento State College - Connection to Sacramento (Mother’s friend: Mrs. Egitha Estista) - Differences between America and the Philippines - Lack of Racial Discrimination Experience - Academic Experience at Sacramento State College - Experience Teaching [20:01-30:00] Memory of Teaching - Social Life after Arrival in Sacramento - Sacramento Filipino Community - The Filipino Family Fraternity (1st organizational involvement) - Meeting Husband - The Religious of the Virgin Mary’s Impact on the Sacramento Community [30:01-40:00] Involvement with The Religious of the Virgin Mary (Vice President) - History of The Religious of the Virgin Mary - The Foundation of the Filipino Family Fraternity - Meaningful Events of the Filipino Family Fraternity (Retreats/Festivals) - Experience at the American Legion Hall (Magellan Hall) [40:01-50:00] Most Memorable Experience at Magellan Hall (Community Christmas Party/July Scholarship Ceremony/Easter Egg Hunt for children) - The Filipino Community of Sacramento and Vicinity (FCSV) Involvement - Appointment to the Educational Council for the FCSV by Ignacio - Secretary Position to Diaz/JanGorre/briefly Esguerra (Presidents) - Applications of Positions - The FCSV Presidential Campaign Experience [50:01-1:00:00] Differences between experience in 80s & 90s to Present (The FCSV Presidential Campaign) - Reasons for changes - Brief History of the FCSV (Dream of Community Center) - Manila Square [1:00:01-1:10:00] 2000s Building Project - Hopes for the Community Center Then and Now - Goals of the FCSV during Patria Presidency (Build Up Treasury/Save Land Lot) [1:10:01-1:20:00] Hopes for the Filipino Center - Involvement with the Filipino Women’s Club - Events of the Filipino Women’s Club - Presidency of Filipino Women’s Club (1990s) [1:20:01-1:30:00] Balancing Presidencies (The FCSV and the Filipino Women’s Club) - Why the Filipino Women’s Club is One of her Favorite Involvements - Political Activity - West Sacramento Mayor Christopher Cabaldon Campaign - Involvement with the Filipino Fiesta - Revival of the Fiesta (by 6 organizations) and the Current Form [1:30:01-1:40:00] Description of 2017 Filipino Fiesta Opening Ceremony - Celebration of WWII Veterans - WWII Veterans and Descendants Association [1:40:01-1:50:00] Sacramento Filipino Community’s Reaction to Martial Law in the Philippines - Activist Friends’ Involvement - Current Filipino-Americans’ Relationship with their Culture VS the Past - Hopes for Young Filipino-Americans and Future Generations [1:50:01-1:56:25] Mrs. Estista (Character/Involvement in the Community/Impact) - Coming to Sacramento - Closing and Thanks Transcriber Finding Guide by Taylor Gabriell Kawazoe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oral History Interview with Josefina Patria Description An account of the resource Oral history interview with Josefina Patria Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa017_s001_0005 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 29-Aug-20 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies and the UC Davis Asian American Studies department holds intellectual control of these recordings. Usage is restricted for educational, non-commercial purposes only. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Audio Recording https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/11651/archive/files/158caf4da9ce1e256fe34b8bca78a73c.mp3?Expires=1777507200&Signature=AZWhh2N%7EuQ6j3rGUNc3AiiknwKgGzqchlfbeSb6D0cLKhlRlYB3LHtHUy5rpcrzKILkHabZZCLi32LD7IdOTFem%7EqLyniAPNg7AvTuBONCjTiSj8lx4lrJWLBX-AY-BIFoV086nBgKeXNgsvpbTFfnI6p2d-IKR99Y9iaFfMmcoEh0bCHoeSN6LItb-vblvoe4YQ4VPyth0GgbK2-9Pi4u0sOiQcI4YPjRMJFL0eahKelQAuSgB45T0iVjPlBcjomUOkX4q21oB78vueSU423ZyedYkCH%7EY2f7U43ECMTMt%7E1dMcYmU1EGxbgW8fuLllocmWbC%7E6WW5C9yHEKYUwTw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ab49e25fff4fe403cec3d4e771a67868 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Filipinos in the Sacramento Region Oral History Project Subject The topic of the resource The oral histories interviews record the history of Filipinos in the Sacramento Region (City of Sacramento, City of Elk Grove, Sacramento Delta towns) from the early 20th century to the present. Topics consist of the history of Sacramento’s Filipino community, social organizations (such as Filipino Community of Sacramento and Vicinity, the Filipino Women’s Club, and Sacramento Filipino Youth Association), farmworkers in Sacramento and the Sacramento Delta, recreation activities and community get-togethers, Filipino American veterans, American Legion Post 604 Magellan, the Rizal Community Center, and plans for a community-owned Filipino Center. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Dick Mazon Link <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XsjF-CDgy2HkCoe2rYYaksEArmZw45hB/view?usp=sharing">https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XsjF-CDgy2HkCoe2rYYaksEArmZw45hB/view?usp=sharing</a> Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Allan Jason Sarmiento Finding Guide Interview Finding Guide for Oral History of Dick Mazon [0:00-10:00] Place of Birth in 1949 - Immigration to U.S in 1958 - Education - Community Involvement after graduating with Master’s Degree - Current Project: Building Community Center - Introduction to Filipino Community at California State University, Sacramento - Community and Political Involvement in college - Culture and Perspectives of Filipino community at that time (late 60s-early 70s) [10:01-20:00] Filipino Community of the 50s and 60s - American Legion Hall/Magellan Center - Interactions with Farm Workers in the Delta Area while in College - Manongs in the Delta Area - Personal and Peers’ involvement at the time - KDP (Katapuna Democratic Philipino) [20:01-30:00] Foundation of events (Filipino Fiesta, Sinag-Tala, Filipino Youth Conference, fundraisers) - Plans for building that is in progress - Effort to build Community Center 1979 [30:01-40:00] Building of County Community Center (Partnership with county and financial struggles) - Another Effort to build Community Center - Current attempt to raise money and create plans - Hopes for the Community Progression (Youth, etc.) [40:01- 50:00] American Legion Hall separation from the Filipino Community - Filipino Fiesta - Current prospects for American Legion [50:01-1:00:00] KDP and the Filipino Fiesta (history) - Filipino Food Fair - Community Politics/Views on Development - Partnership for the Fiesta [1:00:01-1:10:00] Plans for Sinag-Tala in the future - Contribution to Carlos Bulosan Center - Delta Area Manongs - Events and work for Manongs - Resilience of the Manong [1:10:01-1:20:00] The Views of the Manongs: Gratitude for life - Personal Connection to History - Conversations with Manongs about unions - Living Conditions of Manongs [1:20:01-1:30:00] Later Generations of Filipinos from Isleton - Retirement Homes of Manongs in Isleton - Current Food Deliveries to Seniors in Sacramento - Appreciation for Institutions to help the Filipino Community [1:30:01-1:40:00] Looking Forward to Ways to Support and Develop the Filipino Community - Remembering Organizers and Programs for Community Development - Looking to Current Events/Issues [1:40:01-1:40:58] Closing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oral History Interview with Dick Mazon Description An account of the resource Oral history interview with Dick Mazon Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa017_s001_0004 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 21-Aug-20 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies and the UC Davis Asian American Studies department holds intellectual control of these recordings. Usage is restricted for educational, non-commercial purposes only. For commercial and other usages, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Audio Recording https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/11651/archive/files/2e892f4bb4e74efcdc1ddcf624ed2f41.m4a?Expires=1777507200&Signature=K0W%7E4qD2fGP9PmKX8H5fCGhoHdTVc30KkES3O91KCQb5fYFTnevJAGxSujsz4DFGrqpYAd%7EwoYwd5pFU4PIbHrIRSEKUXV-46SEL%7EQw4CGBSoD9nVeVF96wLZe9OuuygC-uVP0RHGrycp1sv4x3Xy9I%7EF1gZmkwmEX4qoj0x6ywVdnHuJQPsUMzE7dNdpw3pfUVhjOFo4rQTUTWg37B2FWodjejzoZzlzlDlbSSvkxbScs6y2RXJ5vYPsxAJrin0jXXB92oDpJdl5KVQCTtzX9fnIdkY0IqHvoaAOfUOxA6fl8awAZKtYkzPV%7EcRIPztE6IAdSEDWc4mcwqvVjWnwA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM fbca255b8d9cc8f27643f73a7d145b7c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Filipinos in the Sacramento Region Oral History Project Subject The topic of the resource The oral histories interviews record the history of Filipinos in the Sacramento Region (City of Sacramento, City of Elk Grove, Sacramento Delta towns) from the early 20th century to the present. Topics consist of the history of Sacramento’s Filipino community, social organizations (such as Filipino Community of Sacramento and Vicinity, the Filipino Women’s Club, and Sacramento Filipino Youth Association), farmworkers in Sacramento and the Sacramento Delta, recreation activities and community get-togethers, Filipino American veterans, American Legion Post 604 Magellan, the Rizal Community Center, and plans for a community-owned Filipino Center. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Zenny Yagen Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Allan Jason Sarmiento View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pwH7NJfa8CdVZ7vnkwxyvD-tTSIfP-yX/view?usp=sharing">https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pwH7NJfa8CdVZ7vnkwxyvD-tTSIfP-yX/view?usp=sharing</a> Finding Guide [0:00-10:00] Place of birth in 1949 - Parents’ occupation (father was in the military, mother was a seamstress) - Family’s immigration to the United States - Father came to the U.S. first - Father worked as migrant farmer in the U.S, - Growing up in Sacramento - Small Filipino Community - American Legion [10:01-20:00] Community events with other Filipino Families - Tight Knit Filipino Community and Social Life - Recalls family trips to Lake Tahoe - Family’s commitment to Filipino Organizations/Clubs [20:01-30:00] Membership in Filipino Organizations - Connections within Filipino Community - Father’s Farming Career [30:01-40:00] Racial Prejudice towards Interracial Couples - Exposure to American foods growing up - Reinforced the Close Knit Community and how Families Interacted [40:01-50:00] Worked on farms in Yuba City during the summer as a teenager - Father’s work in retail - Life after HS (briefly attended City College, Marriage and Children) - Living in Arizona - Experience with Racial Prejudice [50:01-01:00:00] Prejudice from Filipinos - Growing up not speaking Tagalog - Growing up with other Filipinos staying in childhood home- Adult Involvement with FilAm Orgs - Mother’s involvement with Women’s Club - Difference between FCSV and Women’s Club - Remembering prominent members [01:00:01-01:10:00] Different Filipino clubs - Rizal Center history - Restoric efforts to make community owned Filipino center - Raising money efforts - Current discussions for property - Kapitbahay at Seafood City [01:10:01-01:20:00] Plans and hopes for future Filipino community center - Rizal center for large events - Financial challenges in considering the community center plans [01:20:01-01:27:59] Filipino Fiesta at Rizal Center - Remembering impacts of Filipino community on personal life Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oral History Interview with Zenny Yagen Description An account of the resource Oral history interview with Zenny Yagen Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa017_s001_0003 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 19-Aug-20 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies and the UC Davis Asian American Studies department holds intellectual control of these recordings. Usage is restricted for educational, non-commercial purposes only. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Audio Recording https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/11651/archive/files/76ebd9bb4aead90648b5a9e9d5ee119c.m4a?Expires=1777507200&Signature=F5wITfBaDjhf0zn8moX8261B4I7m52pPMEMjzRgwLG59Zh8t6t9FZ4CRC57RA2jrqhkXrJyqz2jkN7CAB8F8KTYzycjCZ5rhFvDNg69z1oaCv7UJ5%7E368soQULclzt1uUUVXO05GC9LTQy7kfhawdZNZyjZ5iXHC1HL12ru1Ed9JKe6bLfX2cTSTQlGH845iKlOETrGu-SwyJA3LbkapVObZYq5ERF3CRmTijwx8knlCXG%7Eq%7EU-bykul94CNC6C%7Ege9Efx4DMz4tQ%7EQ7aWGaT5lFyvX-HAbzvRP53mUZ%7EkG6v889FjGJFaFmt-rqs2fyk-oeEuaHsKI51IlEucaB8Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM c87db17cdb6efbc3703be41481811df2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Filipinos in the Sacramento Region Oral History Project Subject The topic of the resource The oral histories interviews record the history of Filipinos in the Sacramento Region (City of Sacramento, City of Elk Grove, Sacramento Delta towns) from the early 20th century to the present. Topics consist of the history of Sacramento’s Filipino community, social organizations (such as Filipino Community of Sacramento and Vicinity, the Filipino Women’s Club, and Sacramento Filipino Youth Association), farmworkers in Sacramento and the Sacramento Delta, recreation activities and community get-togethers, Filipino American veterans, American Legion Post 604 Magellan, the Rizal Community Center, and plans for a community-owned Filipino Center. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Jay Paular Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Allan Jason Sarmiento View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1r3T4cTNWEo7eeFToP1KEUFJ70B7x1XQX/view?usp=sharing">https://drive.google.com/file/d/1r3T4cTNWEo7eeFToP1KEUFJ70B7x1XQX/view?usp=sharing</a> Finding Guide Interview Finding Guide for Oral History of Jerry J. Paular [0:00-10:00] Place of birth in 1954 - parents both born in the U.S. (mother was born in Stockton and father in Los Angeles - maternal and paternal grandparents immigrated in the early 1920’s from Cavite and Cebu - paternal grandparents relocated in Oakland, CA and maternal side in Stockton, CA - maternal grandparents participated in labor circuits - family’s experience in Alaska while working in canneries [10:01-20:00] Community and bond that migrant workers had in Alaska - Dating scene in Alaska - Described family’s relationship with figures like Carlos Bulosan and Larry Itliong and Stockton’s tight knit community - Family relocates to Sacramento [20:01-30:00] Early Filipino community in Sacramento/Elk Grove - General atmosphere/environment of Sacramento/Elk Grove - Racial discrimination that Filipinos faced in Sacramento/Elk Grove during the 1930’s-1940’s - Father’s involvment in the Philippine and U.S. military during Japanese Imperialism - Family engagement with Filipino Community of Sacramento Vicinity (FCSV) - Involvement with Asian/Filipino Club, Ethnic Studies [30:01-40:00] Demographics of Asian Club in High School - Acquaintances involvement with student protests for Ethnic Studies - Family’s political views and opinions on politics - Teaching Filipino history to community youth - Broad overview of Filipino history within Central Valley [40:01-50:00] Community events with other Filipinos - Post-College life - Involvement with many, local Filipino organizations - Organization goals/missions - FANHS Initiatives [50:01-01:00:00] Foundation of Post Hall - Community surrounding Post Hall - Social life for Filipinos - Filipino Barber Shops [01:00:01-01:10:00] Popularity of Cars within Filipino community in Sacramento - Filipino Hotriders - Shift between Car Styles - Origins of Filipino Fiesta - Learning about Martial Law in College - Conflict between Filipino Organizations and Conservative Filipinos - Creation & Construction of Jose Rizal Center [01:10:01-01:20:00] Conflict in creating Jose Rizal Center - Plans to create new Filipino community centers - Personal Vision for future Filipino Centers - Potential timeline for Centers - Funding/Grants for centers [01:20:01-01:25:59] Diverse origins of Filipinos in Sacramento, Stockton, and neighboring cities - Boxing in the Filipino Community - Filipinos in Music, Evolution of Music Styles Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oral History Interview with Jay Paular Description An account of the resource Oral history interview with Jay Paular Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa017_s001_0002 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 17-Aug-20 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies and the UC Davis Asian American Studies department holds intellectual control of these recordings. Usage is restricted for educational, non-commercial purposes only. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Audio Recording https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/11651/archive/files/3009de28ad8b96d7f0246882fe5da91f.m4a?Expires=1777507200&Signature=bf2UZrH6MlMP3KKAF4zMtSpTg2a5C7Y74C7R-1Bad7Le2KbVwhSOzApIHefAoPBXZ0FF6OYfzWc0QyhqKqI1xh2DwQeTRPWM4ochdth7zGtW7cEeqR1TMwAN3jdvhuedTTUJ0Ro9VrBbHh0gTpgnO3Wa%7E3GnhPZIpDpvodVJkRoQQlUXUdo6zQUgDlaum3EHDMo81Axzyy4IMxWBmK8x2Mc6acADAksihiqHTHXlhwH45WbvOegmzD-XblyGVeJt-X9K-Lm5yGr4Me9BCZ%7E1BDwzxEYuOI0f6TvcVSRWFwVEO9x5O-nc8lr7UaBeiiLmULqVLYFWmTL1p1bmPOEkxQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e1b32c758a917b56c341f288d9755de0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Filipinos in the Sacramento Region Oral History Project Subject The topic of the resource The oral histories interviews record the history of Filipinos in the Sacramento Region (City of Sacramento, City of Elk Grove, Sacramento Delta towns) from the early 20th century to the present. Topics consist of the history of Sacramento’s Filipino community, social organizations (such as Filipino Community of Sacramento and Vicinity, the Filipino Women’s Club, and Sacramento Filipino Youth Association), farmworkers in Sacramento and the Sacramento Delta, recreation activities and community get-togethers, Filipino American veterans, American Legion Post 604 Magellan, the Rizal Community Center, and plans for a community-owned Filipino Center. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Vince Sales Link <iframe width="400" height="200" frameborder="0"></iframe> Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Allan Jason Sarmiento View/Download File(s) Link to download files <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sWkxbFffRlIvbfnM1BFhhJjPsec5pNWg/view?usp=sharing">https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sWkxbFffRlIvbfnM1BFhhJjPsec5pNWg/view?usp=sharing</a> Finding Guide Interview Finding Guide for Oral History of Vince Sales [0:00-10:00] Place of Birth in 1964 - Life in Philippines prior to immigrating - Parents’ place of birth - Interaction with Communities in the Visayas, Cultural Work - College in the United States - Creation of Filipino Immigrant Organization at Berkeley - Community Engagement in the U.S. [10:01-20:00] Social Interactions in College, personal and regarding Filipino-American Organizations - Post, College Involvement in Fil-Am Organizations - Move to Sacramento in 2004 - Involvement with Philippine National Day Association - Recent Contact with FCSV [20:01-30:00] Formative Years of PNDA - Goals and Visions for PNDA - Creation of LahiArts, role as Arts Programmers - Limited time to do more Community Work [30:01-40:00] Knowledge on Filipino Fiesta - Goals/Plans to Create a Filipino-Owned, Filipino Community Center - Overlap between FCSV and Pacific Rim [40:01-52:07] Need for unified voice/action in Filipino Community - Expressed need for more community programs and specific ideas Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oral History Interview with Vince Sales Description An account of the resource Oral history interview with Vince Sales Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa017_s001_0001 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 4-Aug-20 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies, the UC Davis Asian American Studies department, and the UC Regents holds intellectual control of these recordings. Usage is restricted for educational, non-commercial purposes only. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Audio Recording https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/11651/archive/files/9515a984c07f040a72bc7f12ab6ff281.pdf?Expires=1777507200&Signature=Dp0wVQF63%7EJO8%7Er5M7xgazuRcTQdHUirFp%7EZtS-LYnVnJWviFZ9kLF4LZH4XZ0609QhKIwscEmbDkVXlWUpVcdXvAAOqc2v3DpiHNRzAWZZxaDfS--nbsi0bLitMQnX%7E2Kb27GHJYKaU71CeFQgyYuu0fGKuVkbdV5h%7ERlGRkhpwK26W3lE8xBvzgCFNz15QhBfODArYrEB4SJSprP7zZgELsnnbD0dUAuHI-Mm%7E2vpzKJ5bPsMaZXzww1eH2Gx3V%7ELGO66U4KVd6pQbvk-jEZFnGnlypLkvAZVHipwPH8VTmF12UJJa4Un6p5jvZI4mx-lhkvs6qTqvcXWdOrIyWQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM dbec3cd1006a7310b914478aa46f8d41 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Private Journal of Mr. Julian Garcia (Bandmaster), 1896-1959 Subject The topic of the resource Hawaii -- History -- 1900-1959. United States -- Navy Band United States. -- Navy -- Filipino Americans. Methodist Church Description An account of the resource This personal journal includes the early life and career history of Julian Garcia, who served as a Bandmaster for the U.S. Navy. The 23-page diary features handwritten notes, newspaper clippings, and photographs regarding his U.S. Navy service and personal life. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917-1950 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All applicable copyrights for the collection are protected under chapter 17 of the U.S. Copyright Code. Requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to Bulosan Center Archivist. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Regents of the University of California and the Bulosan Center for Filipinos Studies as the owner of the digital surrogate. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF/A Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context wa018 Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Private Journal of Mr. Julian Garcia (Bandmaster), 1896-1959 Subject The topic of the resource Hawaii -- History -- 1900-1959. United States -- Navy Band United States. -- Navy -- Filipino Americans. Methodist Church Description An account of the resource This personal journal includes the early life and career history of Julian Garcia, who served as a Bandmaster for the U.S. Navy. The 23-page diary features handwritten notes, newspaper clippings, and photographs regarding his U.S. Navy service and personal life. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Julian Garcia Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917-1950 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All applicable copyrights for the collection are protected under chapter 17 of the U.S. Copyright Code. Requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to Bulosan Center Archivist. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Regents of the University of California and the Bulosan Center for Filipinos Studies as the owner of the digital surrogate. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF/A Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context wa018 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/11651/archive/files/b0dadbc337d8a61fa2a0e006ddc422ce.pdf?Expires=1777507200&Signature=Kab39RmaXT7M7BCeMINqJTiRy6-7mang-IDe7viRjzJG1%7EKg8At8tHmOEWjGmJDwa09PFtMmG93yTpN7O6BN-tgvbOdZtwmY4WLs2N9FC5B1j7wSnAX-Qx1hAswVWu1TXDpNhV04ydMyER0AvmkLDupcncLku%7En-YCXheKkJLs5oAYMyZO1vBX%7EyUlDmH71VuYHdkgCYmGJ5hNLtAu95qRsB-yWCun2uz4m4JXGAZx6gxt0jnLqm4tWeTFDzeaTOucJSKj6wq20aKPWJAKV9CauEIDy2uXT%7EYKMblaadCfX3xzgXW0biOhCXo-bmD3v66kj2EKF-ZlxABbJH9OaiSw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM bbce8760cae892e8a0950c5c2ff626f8 Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Manifest Destiny Across the Pacific Subject The topic of the resource Philippines--History--Philippine American War, 1899-1902 Description An account of the resource Exhibit layout for upcoming Bulosan Center Exhibit Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jaselle Abuda, Jennifer Bernal, Marika Candelaria, and Allan Jason Sarmiento Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020-04-16 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/11651/archive/files/821153a7a112bc7c77ecb7f3ab63823e.pdf?Expires=1777507200&Signature=HkKFtnwzc-HpmV7iSIs10OFesADElyyEZIMTlAK7yvYDW4tYkZMJ6qJZ18FvbmXr3CTIwrxDeEkUBDWfQoGcHkfSXyOTYkGCtkhOglt-TyZP1xJMZGhfcKnxrrrLMn4xue20nUOus4pbiqL4JMc%7EwEAMeEQMKDyYw778BdHBWPR%7EWAm1VxXFYi0e8QFCNrJY3oh5aqOJQB77GWbPiuUm%7EU789DOalcXKP0Tri45MTRuERVN1z6ED0c1AwsufldawLJL6qbF-Xj3yu0bX-WrYIuB80Q8gF-uQShMJkCW8zmjwtDoud5vELMpGqNVH3uv2w%7Ep3MfdVDKjiWfAwLLGYQg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9c2f5318f0c65a28731359308472490d Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Document Link Add link from google drive; exterior link <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1a8wLXUAEkQnjcpDpAJXj3KXZCE0ul28S/view?usp=sharing">https://drive.google.com/file/d/1a8wLXUAEkQnjcpDpAJXj3KXZCE0ul28S/view?usp=sharing</a> Document Text Document text NOTE: Due to the fragile nature of this item, this digital reproduction was digitized using an overhead camera and overhead lightbox. Please note the varying degrees of lighting throughout the journal. The Bulosan Center is currently seeking grants to create a higher resolution copy of the journal. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource George W. Suriley's Journal from the Philippine American War Subject The topic of the resource Philippine American War Filipino American War Luzon Manila US Army Description An account of the resource 113 page journal written by George Suriley during the Philippine American War. Details personal accounts of military travel from the United States to the Philippines, living conditions of American military posts, and combat with Filipinos. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource George Suriley Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Unpublished Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item is made accessible in accordance to fair use procedures as dictated in the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, Section 107. Fair use is a provision in copyright law that allows the limited use of copyright materials without permission of the copyright holder for noncommercial teaching, research, scholarship & news reporting purposes. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa013 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies files Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context wa011 Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Document Link Add link from google drive; exterior link <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1fevo1CYgtGIyDsNh4cuOQ9GM137TBZ7u/view?usp=sharing">https://drive.google.com/file/d/1fevo1CYgtGIyDsNh4cuOQ9GM137TBZ7u/view?usp=sharing</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COVID-19 and the Filipino American Community with focus on California and highlights on Greater Sacramento Subject The topic of the resource Public health Undocumented Health care workers Covid-19 Coronavirus Health Security Poverty Description An account of the resource This report tracks the potential impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the Filipino American community. Key factors that make the Filipino American community vulnerable, as compared to other Asian American-Pacific Islander groups, are its undocumented population and the employment of Filipino Americans in sectors especially impacted by COVID-19. The Bulosan Center is developing a short survey in collaboration with its state-wide network of community-based organizations to collect granular data on the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts on the community. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa011_sg003_s001_0006 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/11651/archive/files/70d902c2c25608b0fe97d8948ad593e7.pdf?Expires=1777507200&Signature=Fc-eqUWLgLy45te-PXfsJayZf6A8zFLRGeFhmLQnr3cNp1MpJxkxb%7EMJFIbYfwCPwjMWfrpZnvwRthsHPz1LERYnQerqTPvbX3LB%7EWagQBmx0W99i1oHWABXAONK0xV%7E4F6FwAhxiNL2oPyBNNx4GyyQLE48FNznUbqfyT4lYTGWL7hKZBVzw5sclRI7HKxxvnZ86UaIeTbzV8UL0WpjNbLJCC9AaHYyayjdWkNUJoyNyhCgEBgniJtMj0KTbUroO3gRHzlxLzVgs71xjq5LrTYVMoKujNO9v1UEujpcXHeACGLo1vKWd6cp3C5D3wWpL2QCHJVPNoKgJdqPevxuQg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ecf6be1c9eac3a8095c9ae398c93eddd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies files Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context wa011 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource FBI Surveillance Files on Carlos Bulosan Subject The topic of the resource Bulosan - Carlos, Stockton, Seattle, Local 7, Filipino Labor, Union Description An account of the resource Over 100 pages from the FBI Archives regarding FBI Surveillance on Carlos Bulosan. Documents include reports on associates, travel plans, and biographical history. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Federal Bureau of Investigation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Federal Bureau of Investigation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1950s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Record. Files redacted by FBI prior to publication. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa011_sg004_s003.2_001 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies files Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context wa011 Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Image Link Link to image <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/142kKZADl8yZmEkPjke6KxWtDs6PRaV_G?usp=sharing">https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/142kKZADl8yZmEkPjke6KxWtDs6PRaV_G?usp=sharing</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bulosan Center for Filipinx Studies Research Conference Subject The topic of the resource Filipino Americans -- Education -- United States -- 20th century [LCSH] Description An account of the resource Photographs from the Bulosan Center for Filipinx Studies Inaugural Research Conference NOTE: Subseries is unprocessed Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies and the UC Davis Asian American Studies department holds intellectual control of these recordings. Usage is restricted for educational, non-commercial purposes only. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa011_s001.7 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Filipina/os in the California Central Coast collection Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Document Link Add link from google drive; exterior link <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZscfVihVCUIYviPa8YqMt8Y8hq-g7dZo/view?usp=sharing">https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZscfVihVCUIYviPa8YqMt8Y8hq-g7dZo/view?usp=sharing</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Glance at Filipino Newspapers Subject The topic of the resource Asian American newspapers [lcsh], Filipino American migrant agricultural laborers [lcsh], Emigration and Immigration -- History -- Philippines [lcsh], labor [lcsh] Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carlos Bulosan/ Philippines Mail Description An account of the resource Article on the state of Filipino newspapers and events in California during the mid-20th century. Subjects include labor struggles and organizations, newspaper article trends, and synopsis of political leanings of newspapers. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 28-Oct-48 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item is made accessible in accordance to fair use procedures as dictated in the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, Section 107. Fair use is a provision in copyright law that allows the limited use of copyright materials without permission of the copyright holder for noncommercial teaching, research, scholarship & news reporting purposes. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .jpg Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa011_sg004_s003.1_022 Asian American newspapers [lcsh] Emigration and Immigration -- History -- Philippines [lcsh] Filipino American migrant agricultural laborers [lcsh] labor [lcsh] ucdw_wa011_sg004_s003.1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Filipina/os in the California Central Coast collection Text A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Document Link Add link from google drive; exterior link <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/19E53pwJwemIiocUFQCjQLe5QJ14VMupU/view?usp=sharing">https://drive.google.com/file/d/19E53pwJwemIiocUFQCjQLe5QJ14VMupU/view?usp=sharing</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Filipinos Stage Holdup at Pismo Subject The topic of the resource Pismo (Calif.) [lcna], Filipino American businesspeople [lcsh], crime [lcsh] Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource San Luis Obispo (Telegram?) Description An account of the resource Article on robbery of Filipino pool hall owner Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item is made accessible in accordance to fair use procedures as dictated in the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, Section 107. Fair use is a provision in copyright law that allows the limited use of copyright materials without permission of the copyright holder for noncommercial teaching, research, scholarship & news reporting purposes. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .jpg Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ucdw_wa011_sg004_s003.1_021 crime [lcsh] Filipino American businesspeople [lcsh] Pismo (Calif.) [lcna] ucdw_wa011_sg004_s003.1