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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Filipino Immigrant Oral History Project
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies
Description
An account of the resource
<strong><br />Note: Collection upload in process</strong>
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
The person(s) performing the interview.
Anthony Lagunda
Interviewee
The person(s) being interviewed.
Jose Lagunda
Transcription
Any written text transcribed from a sound.
[Session 1, June 2, 2019]<br />[Begin Audio File]<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: The date is June 2, 2019. My name is Anthony<br />Lagunda, and I am here with Eric Lagunda, or Jose Lagunda as he<br />would like to be called, and I am going to interview him about<br />his immigrant experience coming to the US. Can we start with<br />when and where you were born?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: June of 1967 in Manilla, Philippines.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: When were your parents born, and where were<br />they born?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: They were born in a small town in the province of<br />Laguna in the island of Luzon in the Philippines. They both came<br />from the same town.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: And what did they do while you were growing up?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: My mom worked in a bank, and my dad worked as an<br />engineer.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: And what was your family life like? How many<br />siblings did you have?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: I had one younger brother and one younger sister.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: Did any of your family members move to the US<br />before you?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: No.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: What was your academic experience like in the<br />Philippines?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: I went to college, and I went to medical school in<br />the Philippines<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: What schools did you go to?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: I went to the University of the Philippines in<br />Diliman City for my pre-med, and then I went to University of<br />the East Medical School<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: And why did you decide to move out of the<br />Philippines?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: I think the reason was more because there was an<br />opportunity here [US] at that time needing doctors in America,<br />and it was not that hard to take the necessary prerequisites or<br />examinations to be able to take advantage of that opportunities.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: The exams were easier?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: It’s not easy, but the process was not that<br />difficult. What I mean by that is that at that time, in the<br />early 1990s, after you graduate from medical school, you have to<br />take a couple of licensing exams, and once you pass those, what<br />you need to do is look for a medical residency program here in<br />America. A residency program is like a on-the-job training for<br />doctors. For example, if you take a residency in pediatrics,<br />which is what I did, it’s on-the-job training to become a<br />pediatrician for three years. After you take those exams, what<br />you need to do is get interviewed and find a residency program<br />in hundreds of hospitals here in America. At that time, there<br />were not a lot of American medical school graduates who were<br />taking these residency programs. there was a lot of<br />opportunities for foreign medical school graduates from India or<br />the Philippines or some other foreign country to be able to get<br />into those residency programs. So if you are a medical school<br />graduate in the Philippines, and you feel like you want to not<br />stay in the Philippines anymore because maybe it will be easier<br />to get a job here in America than to get the job in the<br />Philippines because it is kinda hard to get a doctor’s job in<br />the Philippines. There was a lot of doctors who graduated from<br />medical schools there. The pay is not as good unless you are<br />lucky enough to be able to be accepted in the few prestigious<br />hospitals that recruit Filipino medical school graduates there.<br />So I decided it would probably be a good thing to try taking<br />those exams and see if taking those residency programs here in<br />America, which I was able to do. The other thing was I had a<br />green card already at that time. A green card is like basicallyyou<br />are almost an American citizen, not yet, but you have a<br />green card. That means you have a- well, you’re an immigrant<br />already. That’s basically an immigrant visa.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: You were expecting to move out already when you<br />were in the Philippines?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: Yeah, it’s almost like a commitment because once<br />you decide that you are going to do a residency program here in<br />America, most people, most foreigners who do that end up wanting<br />to stay in America and not go home and practice in their home<br />country, which is what happened in my case. As soon as I started<br />residency, I already had in my mind that I think I would like to<br />immigrate to America and live here for a long time<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: So when did you move out here?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: In 1994<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: Did you move anywhere else before settling in<br />the US?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: No, after medical school that was in the<br />Philippines in Manila, I did not live anywhere else that was in<br />the Philippines.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: What were your thoughts about America before<br />you moved here?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: The Philippines is a very Westernized country.<br />There’s a lot of US influence in the Philippines. First of all,<br />we all speak English, and learn English starting from elementary<br />[school] all the way up to college, so we’re very fluent in<br />English. Western culture is very rampant there [the<br />Philippines], in TV, books, and news, so we do know a lot about<br />American culture. It is something that all Filipinos all aspire<br />to be a part of. Basically, especially people in the lower<br />socioeconomic class, because back then in the 1980s, still now,<br />unfortunately the Philippines is a poor country. It’s a<br />developing nation, but it’s just very hard to find jobs. Also,<br />there’s a little bit of political instability there. There’s no<br />civil war, but the political situation such that it seems like<br />the middle class seems to not get- they don’t improve. The lower<br />class gets poorer and poorer, and it just doesn’t seem to get<br />better, so I thought it might be good to move to another<br />country. So I am very familiar with living in the US. Basically,<br />it’s easy enough because I know the language.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: Did any of your thoughts about America change<br />when you moved here?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: No. When you live in another country, you’re not<br />really home, so you have to adapt. It’s not hard, but you have<br />to know how to adapt because you have to know little bit of<br />their traditions and customs, which is kinda not that different<br />from the Philippines. America is a predominantly Christian<br />country, and I’m a Christian. Most Filipinos are Catholic<br />Christians, so from that point of view, it’s not that hard. Like<br />I said, Western lifestyle is very familiar to us. However, since<br />most of your friends and family are from the Philippines, you<br />will still have to contend with being homesick at some point,<br />and you will not have as many friends as you were used to when<br />you were back home, so that kind of homesickness is something to<br />contend with during that time. Plus, being in a stressful job,<br />like being a doctor and being a foreigner, sometimes you feel<br />like you always have to make sure that you are doing much<br />better, so they don’t think that you are- you have to show them<br />that you’re worth being a doctor here and that you have enough,<br />that you’re just not a second-rate doctor because you graduated<br />from a foreign medical school, so you have to do better. That’s<br />added to the stress. But for the most part, besides that, I<br />don’t think it was much of a problem.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: Did the differences in poverty between the<br />Philippines and America affect you in any way? Did you make any<br />observations about that?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: I already expected a big difference. If you forget<br />about the loneliness or being homesick, it is much better here<br />in America by a long shot. In the Philippines, there is poverty<br />everywhere, and sometimes it affects- doctors in the<br />Philippines- there’s no medical insurance in the Philippines, so<br />you can really tell that people here have it better. In the<br />Philippines, you could die from just not having money. Period.<br />If you’re sick and don’t have any money, you’ll probably really<br />get sicker and sicker. Here in America, there’s no such thing.<br />They don’t ask for insurance when you’re in the emergency room.<br />They will treat you as an emergency. The payment comes later.<br />There’s always programs that will pay for the medical care of<br />people, young and old. If you’re poor, somehow you’ll get the<br />medical treatment that you deserve. And that’s one of those<br />things that you really notice the big difference is. The<br />lifestyle here is much easier so long as you have a job and you<br />do a good job, you’ll be able to get up and be able to succeed.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: When you moved to the Philippines, were you<br />with any- did you come with anyone?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: When I moved to America, you mean? No, I was<br />alone.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: Where did you first live when you came here?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: Actually, before settling here permanently to<br />start my residency training, maybe a handful of times, I lived<br />in America during summer vacations, during my college and<br />medical school years. For maybe one or two months, I would be<br />living in California during my summer breaks. So that’s where I<br />lived first. I get my first driver’s license in California<br />during one of those times that I had extended visits here. But<br />when I moved to start my residency training, the first place<br />where I lived was in Pennsylvania.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: What city?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: Johnstown.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: What jobs did you perform when you got here? Or<br />were you mostly in school and stayed on your career path?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: I stayed on my career path. I did not have to go<br />to school here. I just did my residency training, which is<br />basically being a trainee doctor in a hospital. That’s what I<br />was doing. That was my career path.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: Did you feel like your academic experience in<br />the Philippines helped you enough during residency?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: Yes, it was enough.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: You didn’t feel like you weren’t getting- you<br />got the education you needed to survive residency? You didn’t<br />feel like you weren’t behind your other peers?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: I don’t think so. There’s a little bit sometimes.<br />Some of the technology that was being utilized here in America<br />we know of theoretically in the Philippines, but like it was the<br />same equipment, medical procedures that would be expensive to be<br />done in the Philippines, so it wasn’t done as often, so we may<br />not be as familiar with it in real life. But we know about it.<br />It wasn’t that hard to learn about it here, so yeah, that may be<br />like the only thing that would be difficult. And obviously<br />because we talk with an accent, that might be a little bit of<br />language barrier, but it’s really not that much of a big deal<br />because I think we can understand English quite well. And I<br />think, even with our accent, the Americans were able to<br />understand our English also.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: In regards to adapting to the culture- you<br />didn’t know any other Filipino immigrants that came here?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: Well, there were Filipinos in the residency<br />program. Yes, those are the ones who you interact with mostly.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: Looking at those who arrived here before you,<br />were there any differences between the first generation<br />immigrants and other Filipino-Americans that were already here?<br />Or did you not experience-<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: No, I don’t think so. The Filipinos that I<br />encountered were first generation. They came maybe the same time<br />as me or a few years before, so they were not old enough to be<br />considered second generation.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: In regards to a previous comment, you said<br />earlier that you sometimes had to prove you weren’t a<br />“second-rate” doctor. Do you recall any specific experiences<br />that made you feel that way, or was that just the mindset you<br />had?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: It was a mindset you had, but just like any job,<br />you can make mistakes. When you do make mistakes, and mistakes<br />get pointed, you feel a little bit worse because you sometimes<br />feel like the people feel like you made a mistake because maybe<br />you don’t know you’re job as much. There’s a little bit of that<br />feeling sometimes. You get a little bit more embarrassed when<br />things like that happen. But you get over it, and it’s not a big<br />deal.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: These are all thoughts that came from your<br />head? You never really experienced any backlash from your<br />American peers.<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: No, if you’re talking about racism, no. I think<br />for the most part, there may be a couple of instances were they<br />make jokes, and you kinda have an idea what it was about maybe a<br />little bit racist. It doesn’t happen a lot, and they quickly<br />take it back. If you pretend you didn’t hear it, it goes away.<br />It’s not persistent. For the most part, The aMericans I dealt<br />with were not, ya know. We were all professionals too, like<br />myself. These things don’t tend to happen in that group. The<br />patients also, for some reason, if you do a good job- I don’t<br />think I’ve ever experienced racism from the patients. They might<br />be very curious about where you come from. They’re not asking<br />because they think you’re coming from an inferior place.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: Do you feel like the reason you didn’t<br />experience what many immigrants face, like racism, as a result<br />of your professional field?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: Maybe. Sometimes I feel like there would be more<br />racism in the places where I lived because I lived in a small<br />town in Pennsylvania. We also lived in North Carolina. It’s in<br />the south, so there was the issue between blacks and whites. In<br />North Carolina, they don’t see too many Asians in the 90’s. They<br />just look at you differently because you look different, but<br />they realize that you speak their language, and you try to<br />understand them. They don’t really play the race card or<br />anything. The people in the South, like North Carolina, are<br />actually really polite, much more polite than what I found in<br />California.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: What kind of racism did you experience here in<br />California<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: No, here in California, I didn’t really experience<br />much racism here either. In the South, you may feel like you’re<br />out of place, a foreigner, because you’re Asian, and then you’re<br />in the hotbed of racism. The usual impression that people havethey<br />might think “Oh, you’re gonna experience more racism in the<br />South.” No, that didn’t really pan out because there were<br />actually friendlier. In a way, you actually feel much more<br />comfortable. They go out of their way to act more respectful to<br />you. You do feel more out of place because when you go into a<br />room, or a church, or a restaurant, and there’s no Asians there.<br />So they give you a second look, but that’s all there is. At some<br />point, you become very comfortable with that. We became<br />comfortable with that kind of feeling. It wasn’t a big deal. In<br />California, even though you feel like it’s more at home with<br />more Asians, but in general, the people in California are a<br />little bit less friendly. You may feel at home, but you sense<br />that the people are not as polite. In that sense, you feel like<br />it may not be related to the color of your skin, but that may be<br />the way people are in California. If you’re not friendly, it may<br />be construed as racism.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: Final question: did you have any preconceivedwere<br />you expecting any forms of racism coming to the US, or did<br />you have any idea what regions you feel like you would expect<br />any of it?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: Yes, I had preconceived notions.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: Were you expecting any coming to the US?<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: Yes, I was expecting some, but like I told you, I<br />didn’t really experience it that much. Maybe I was lucky, but<br />you still hear in the news, especially when you’re in North<br />Carolina, you know there’s still racism that exists, obviously,<br />because you still hear news about the Ku Klux Klan having a<br />rally here and there. But I don’t know. Those things happen in<br />the South, but in actuality, where you live, most regular people<br />in North Carolina- The blacks and the whites lived together<br />without any problems. Maybe I’m just too naive to notice any<br />problems, but I don’t think I saw those. But you see signs here<br />and there, signs of the old South, but that’s where it happens.<br />But I did not experience- I was almost expecting it, but it<br />really didn’t happen as much.<br />ANTHONY LAGUNDA: Thank you so much for your time.<br />JOSE LAGUNDA: You’re welcome.<br />[End Audio File]
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Oral History Interview with Jose Lagunda
Subject
The topic of the resource
Bakersfield, California; Manila, Philippines; Laguna; Johnstown, Pennsylvania; North Carolina, University of the Philippines in Diliman, University of the East Medical School, Filipinos in medical field, Education -- Philippines, Residency programs, United States -- Emigration and immigration, Americanization, Assimilation, Homesickness, Imperialism -- History, Language barrier, Microaggressions in the workplace, Racism
Description
An account of the resource
Oral history interview with Jose Lagunda, interviewed by Anthony Lagunda
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
6/2/2019
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies and the UC Davis Asian American Studies department holds intellectual control of these recordings. Usage is restricted for educational, non-commercial purposes only. For other uses, please contact archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Audio Recording and Transcript
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ucdw_wa014_s001_0024
Americanization
assimilation
Bakersfield
California; Manila
Education -- Philippines
Filipinos in medical field
Homesickness
Imperialism -- History
Language barrier
Microaggressions in the workplace
Pennsylvania; North Carolina
Philippines; Laguna; Johnstown
racism
Residency programs
United States -- Emigration and immigration
University of the East Medical School
University of the Philippines in Diliman
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Filipino Immigrant Oral History Project
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies
Description
An account of the resource
<strong><br />Note: Collection upload in process</strong>
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
The person(s) performing the interview.
Jake Hutchinson
Interviewee
The person(s) being interviewed.
Mia Hosain-Hutchinson
Transcription
Any written text transcribed from a sound.
For my oral history assignment I chose to interview my mom, an immigrant from the Philipinnes in 1985. While this is the second time I have conducted an interview with my mother on her life experiences, this course and assignment was an opportunity to dive more in depth into how experiences related to labor, education, family, language and immigration form Filipinx-American identities. <br />Mia Lucylyn Hosain was born in Baybay City on the Island of Leyte in the archipelago of the Philippines on 31 October 1972 to Pacifico Hosain and Aurora Ramirez. Mia was devlivered by a midwife in the home she was raised in for the first five years. She joined an older brother, older sister and two parents in this house, with a local community and distant family on the Hosain and Ramirez sides. In her adholescence Mia was exposed mostly to family on the Ramirez side, and was closer to her mom’s family because of how frequently she saw them. For the first twelve years a few blocks were Mia’s whole world. A walk around the bend to Grandma’s or a friend’s house seemed greater than miles. Until leaving the Philippines, the corners of her world had not much expanded past the local church and the Franciscan College of Immaculate Conception, her Catholic grade school. Everywhere Mia and the Hosains went they were walking. They could not afford a car or cabs until well after they’d lived in California, but walking remains Mia’s favorite means of transportation. She would walk to Catholic school, where they taught her subjects she enjoyed like problem solving and religion. While she spoke Visayan at home and around town, in classes they’d learn Tagalog, the national language, and English, a subject she had great struggles with. Writing and speaking in different languages may have proved difficult, but reading was where she focused her practice with them. Most of what she read was in Visayan, but standardized texts were written in Tagalog. For English reading, the students read the Bible, but were also provided random literary artifacts from the west such as syllabi, labor contracts, terms and conditions. Mia’s peers bullied her for her short height starting in grade school, but the antagonism would not end here. At Mia’s first home, the family unit commonly consumed food from the market like fish, steamed rice, and vegetables such as okra, eggplant, squash and zucchini; Everyone wa always more excited for weekends when Papa purchased chicken instead. Mia enjoyed her time with family in Baybay, especially in Grandma Lons house at age five. Her grandmas was sweet, generous, and taught Mia many of the values and identities she holds today. It was with Hosain family who would visit from the US that she began to understand there is a larger world. She did not have many toys accept household objects imagined into something more playful. They did not have many sweets either, unless Auntie Erlene mailed the children candy that Aurora divided three ways. While most of the music she heard was in Tagalog from the Phillipines, Papa’s brother Allen also played lots of “American” records from his turntable. Despite being raised outside of the United States, Mia grew up listening to the Jackson family, Queen, and Frank Sinatra. <br />Mia was 10 years old when she found out she’d soon be leaving for America to join the rest of the Hosains. After experiencing snippets of American popular culture she was excited about moving, even if she had never been there, or actually understood the dangerous political climate in the Philippinnes under President Marcos. Unfortunately Mia still doesn’t quite understand the violence of the Marcos administration despite being very aware of the devloping violence of President Duterte’s regime. The lessons Mia learned in the Philippines as a child instilled religious and family values, as well as an amaterial sense of home, community and happiness. What she most enjoyed about being a kid was the freedom from responsibility, worry, and living closer to the Ramirez family. Even with poverty, violence, and sometimes bombings tied into her childhood, she always managed to see the light. Nothing could’ve shatter her little world, but eventually she’d have to leave for a new one.<br />Embassy visits, full-body medical examinations, and invasive interviews occupied most of the family unit’s time in the years leading up to their departure for the United States. It had taken ten years while living under Marshall Law for the request Erlene submitted to be approved and for the Hosains to know they were escaping. Mia had just been born when they fearfully applied to migrate, and being the youngest, was nearly born after the request was submitted. When the day came to leave Mia was twelve years old. While she may not have realized it at the time, all of the questioning she recieved as a child was to gauge the threat posed to them by the Philipinnes, as well as the threats her family may pose to the United States. The travel process would be long and arduous too, filled with driving, flying, and rough sea voyages. Nervousness and excitement competed for her mind’s attention. The anxiety of not knowing what was happening or where she was going or what family she was going to in America ate away at her for most of the trip. Mia remembers throwing up her last meal on the taxi ride to the airport in Manila, having never even experienced anxiety before. She was finally relieved when they arrived in San Francisco to Erlene and a bag of Burger King to fill the void. The year was 1985. They would hold green cards for their first five years in the states until they collectively applied for US citizenship in 1990. Mia was the only minor when they applied, being seventeen years old, and so there were fewer questions about US history and denouncing her former nation. The logistical process of leaving the Philippines and later becoming a US citizen had less of an impact on her evolving identity than her experiences in the states during and after high school.<br />For the first two years in the US there was a separation in the family unit . Aurora, Henry, and Pacifico stayed in Pleasanton with Mel and Baltizar Tongco, while Mia and Ruthie lived with James and Ruth Hosain in San Lorenzo. James was more strict than Pacifico had been in the Philippines, and in those two years Mia had more chores and responsibilities in addition to school than she’d ever had. By cooking, cleaning, and babysitting her baby niece Rhea, Mia grew up exponentially during the time period she attended American middle school. In various Hosain households in America she slowly began to speak Visayan less. English was more commonly used to get everyone adjusted, and to educate Hosain children born in the states. The idea was transitioning to English speaking was how they could assimilate and succeed in this American society. Middle school was a major challenge and a radically different system of education from the Philipinnes. Mia struggled through middle school, but used these new experiences to exceed expectations in her next grade. The family unit reunited and moved to Livermore her Freshman Year at Livermore High School. High school would prove much easier than middle school had been for a recent immigrant. Mia was alwyss bullied for her height, but in 7th and 8th grade her difficulties with the English language also became the punchline of cruel jokes. During middle school she had few friends, and was often mistaken for having a different nation of origin, like Fiji. Before High School she questioned what this said about the “positive” American culture and values, and reinforced her love for herself, her family and heritage. High school changed some of this as Mia became extraordinarily more sociable and popular and talked to patriotic American men. Her English improved enough, she socialized and met lots of new, interesting folks, and has come to believe and accept that the men who bully her for her height project their own bodily insecurities. The lifelong friends she first made in high school introduced her to all sorts of new experiences, like country music and rodeos, early nineties boy bands, cars, wine and varieties of homemade Asian foods she’d never gotten to try in the Philipinnes. At sixteen, her Junior year, Mia was employed by Little Caesars along with her sister Ruthie; They easily landed the positions because the owner was an American friend of the Hosain family. The varous Hosain family units made lots of American friends when first arriving, and it typically made it easier to become part of the new community. Between working in food service, attending American schools and hanging with Asian-American friends she was speaking almost entirely English during this period. While Little Caesers was influential in defining the value of labor for her, the work experience was short lived. Nearing the end of high school and being ahead of her class, Mia enrolled in ROP classes to begin working at a local hospital to train for a nursing career. Mia earned favor with management and remained as a receptionist at Valley Care Medical Center after high school. On the side she began taking courses at Las Positas College to fulfill General Education requirements. One of the things about living in the US Mia most appreciates is the ease she had in acquiring an education ans a variety of careers, calling it, “truly a land of opportunituy”. Working as a receptionist was where she met Jeffrey Hutchison. Dating had been new to Mia. Mia remembers romantic interest was handled very differently in the Philippines, even though she was just a child. Filipino pursuants often wrote letters to their interests and their interests family members, as dating was more “formal” than the notably aggressive, spantaneous behavior of Americans. Jeff would ask the other nurses if they knew when Mia was working, so he could be sure to bring his fresh-baked goods when he knew she’d be there to taste. It was through dating that Mia says she picked up the most “Americanisms” for herself as they relate to food, colloquial language, confidence, and performance.<br />Mia married Jeffrey in 1996 at twenty-four years old and after dating for four years. Another year later, she’d give birth to their first child, me. As a parent Mia made many sacrifices and returned to a lot of the values she was conditioned into in the Philippines. She made the difficult decision of dropping out of nursing school when I was born to ensure I’d have someone I could call family raising me. During my childhood Mia taught me preliminary school lessons like how to count, spell, memorize, and solve puzzles, but because of opposition from Jeff she never taught us how to speak Tagalog or Visayan. She did not want my brother and I to begin schooling behind as she believed had been after moving here, though I disagree and see her ability to speak three distinct languages as an incredible advantage anywhere. To get us ahead of our class there were some things our parents chose to teach early on, while other lessons like learning the language of the Hosain family were unfortunately sacrificed because of Jeff’s American hegemony and Mia’s acceptance. Mia took us to Catholic Mass and guided us through the process of getting First Communion, hoping we’d adopt many of her religious values as our own, but making it clearer as we got older these beliefs were choices. I think it does dissapoint Mia that I am not Catholic though, and it disapoints her moreso to talk about Catholicism in relation to colonization. Mia taught us to cherish family over all else, and never forget family stays together and cares for each other. She encouraged us to hang out with friends in oour families home so she could meet them and recreate the atmosphere she had as a child of spending time at home with friends and family together. Since they've been together Mia and Jeff Hutchison both highly value photography and documentations of family time together. While they came from different parts of the world, neither had the privilege of home photos or videos from their youth. They may hold their memories close, but they also usually keep a camera handy. Mia did not want her children to think back on their childhood and wonder what has been lost in the blur, but look back on those photographs as tools for remembering how we got here. Because Mia and Jeff have very little photographs of their childhoods at all besides legal documentation, there are thousands of photos of Jason and I growing up in the Hutchison scrapbooks.<br />Around when I was ten years old Mia went back to community college preparing to further educate herself and later begin employment. Again, Mia left school after a couple years but this time from a place of strength. She knew what she sought from working, and also knew how limited and expensive her knowledge would be onl learning in a classroom. When I neared the age of thirteen, Mia told me she’d soon be returning to work. Mia loved raising and spending time with my brother and I as we became more capable, but she also missed the empowerment of feeling she was working and learning for herself. She applied and began working at a local Costco Wholesale. While raising two was an opportunity to learn, grow and recapture those childhood feelings of freedom, Mia also missed being around other adults everyday, so work became a necessary outlet for adult communication. While employment is not enjoyable under capitalism anywhere, Mia appreciates she is a worker here instead of in the Philipinnes where she claims there are longer hours, less breaks and lower pay, though never was employed there. Mia has continued to learn being part of the American workforce about the value of the bodies of laborers, and how important it is to take care of and appreciate herself.<br />During summer of 2018 Mia returned to her home in Baybay City for the first time since 1985, and with Jason for his first visit ever. She was very excited to return to her other home! While nervous for what could possibly have changed, it was not the same anxiety she felt when she left a confused child. The process of travelling, affording to travel and avoiding discriminatory immigration practices was much easier for her as an adult with a career and US citizenship. When she returned to her little world it all came rushing back; She reunited with Ramirez family on her mothers side for the first time in over 25 years; it was a welcome feeling reconnecting, but still left her seeking more about what was missed between their times together. Mia is used to speaking English and Visayan blurred in a strange harmony with the Hosain family, but going home she realized how much her Visayan and Tagalog had faltered. Their old Catholic church still stood and the old houses are still kept in the family; They visited the local cemetery and reminded themselves of Hosains and Ramirezes past. Mia’s grade school is open too, and when visiting, she was reunited with her lovely Kindergarten instructor. The roads seemed smaller though, and those few blocks are not quite the grand landscape they had been as a child. The infrastructure of the city was mostly the same, but the population had exploded. She understood now both spaces she’d lived in are a larger world, and how different experiences change your perception of reality. Mia was usually happy with what she discovered had changed about Leyte, and especially larger cities like Manila and Cebu. The local market she used to frequent every week had apples, oranges, and other imported goods. Were the locals still eating the local food? In bigger cities, large exciting markets were replaced with shopping malls, with most of the stores inside being US-based companies like Pacsun and Forever 21. Vehicularly transportation had grown in popularity, despite not always having the right amount of space on the road for the capacity of cars, and despite sometimes not having paved roads at all. As a result they walked less frequently on this visit, and were able to visit more than Baybay City. Being back for a short three weeks and not always experiencing a revitalization of her old life made the feeling incomplete; Like she was a tourist in her own home. In her experience there were still not many Americans living in the Philippines, but the Philippines felt like it was still grappling with the ever-presence of the west. Workers from around the world in more or less developed countries are noticeably growing, usually working for American and Korean, and filling the void left by a dimishing number of skilled workers leaving the state. This disappointment was heightened by her sister Ruthie’s lack of concern over gentrification in Baybay. Ruth didn’t mind shopping from retailers or eating from chain restaurants, going as far as to encourage her own children not to buy from vendors or get “sick” from street food. Mia couldn’t understand how Ruth could have come so far from home, finally voyage back, and still, “be so American”. Mia was disapointed her sister could fall for propoganda othering their home a “third world”, and knew the space there were in was the same loving community they had been born into. <br />What seemed like a lifelong chapter in her journey from adolescence and being Filipina to immigrating to the US and adopting aspects of an American identity was concluded with the trip back to where her journey began. While Mia had always held onto Catholic and family values no matter where she went, coming back home she knew she was foremost a Filipina and loved that home. Mia valued many things about the US between the landscape, music, opportunities and diversity of other cultures, but her roots are in the Philipinnes. There is still no food that can match traditional Filipinx food, nor beaches as clean and flourishing. The energy of the Filipinx people through histories of colonialism, poverty and revolutio runs through Mia and forms into a positive and self-loving spirit no matter where she may be. Mia is proud to be a woman of the Philippines, having grown up with strong women but experiencing more feminist discourse in the US and with coworkers. Most of all Mia takes nothing for granted. Even after living in a central valley suburb for twenty years and sometimes forgetting how valuable her privileges are, going home she still disdains how Americans have tried to “make our home beautiful”, and prefers a walk down those small, rough streets to anywhere else. She still loves speaking Visayan with the Hosain family despite being most comfortable with English now. In the future Mia wants to speak her orginal families language more and has asked Jason and I to try and learn as well. She also would like to travel on her own accord more; In travelling she’d hope to explore her connection to other women in other parts of the Pacific in ways she could not do by simply staying in school, though remains cautious of the realities she’ll have to accept the more she understands the history of Catholicism infiltrating Asia. Throughout her journey she has come to identify as Catholic, as a wife and mother, a proud Woman, a Hosain, Hutchison and Ramirez, and in part as an American worker, but for forty six-years Mia has been most proud of being a kind Filipina in the world and from where her journey started.
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Title
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Oral history of Mia Hosain-Hutchinson
Subject
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Baybay City, Leyte; Education -- Philippines, American popular culture, Marcos regime, Martial law -- Philippines, United States -- Emigration and immigration, Green cards, U.S. Citizenship, Identity, Family Separation, Assimilation, Immigrants -- Education, Las Positas College, Interracial marriage, Interracial families, Language shaming, Catholicism, balikbayan, Capitalism, Multilingualism
Description
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Oral history interview with Mia Hosain-Hutchinson, interviewed by Jake Hutchinson (written as report)
Date
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6/13/2019
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The Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies and the UC Davis Asian American Studies department holds intellectual control of these recordings. Usage is restricted for educational, non-commercial purposes only. For other uses, please contact archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu
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Report
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ucdw_wa014_s001_0021
American popular culture
assimilation
balikbayan
Baybay City
Capitalism
Catholicism
Family separation
Green cards
Identity
Immigrants -- Education
Interracial families
Interracial marriage
Language shaming
Las Positas College
Leyte; Education -- Philippines
Marcos regime
Martial law -- Philippines
Multilingualism
U.S. Citizenship
United States -- Emigration and immigration
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Filipino Immigrant Oral History Project
Publisher
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Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies
Description
An account of the resource
<strong><br />Note: Collection upload in process</strong>
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
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Matthew Lawrence
Interviewee
The person(s) being interviewed.
Andrea Alcantra
Transcription
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[Andrea Alcantra is a 1st year civil engineering major, I know her through PASE as she is part of the incoming board with me. I’m interviewing her for the ASA 150 Final project spring quarter 2019]<br />Matthew: <br />The first question is when and where were you born?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />I was born in Manila Philippines on November 12, 2000.<br /><br />Where my mom was born in Balayan Batangas and my dad and I have no idea i have no information on him.<br />Do you want me to talk about my dad or my biological dad or like?<br /><br />Matthew: whoever you feel more connected to<br /><br />Andrea: Ok um, Well then my dad is born in Manila Philippines<br /><br />Matthew: did your mom and dad meet in Manila?<br /><br />Andrea: yeah that's where my mom grew up. She was born in the province then came to Manila<br /><br />Matthew: and then the next question is what jobs did your parents do growing up?<br /><br />Andrea: growing up[pause], my mom had a restaurant that lasted for just like the most recent thing I remember she had a restaurant down the street from my house and that lasted for like 8 years. And she was an english teacher online and that lasted for another 6 years and then no, yeah we came here. <br /><br />Matthew: <br />Alright, do you know your grandparents on either side?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />I know my grandma from my mom’s side.<br /><br />Matthew:<br />And then, Do you know what your grandma did or where she was from?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />My grandma is also from Balayan Batangas and she also grew up in Manila, that’s usually how it works<br /><br />Matthew: <br />Yeah I kind of figured<br /><br />Andrea: <br />Yeah that’s kind of how it works, you were like raised in the city and my grandma did everything. She sold everything that she could sell. She graduated college with journalism, and so she was writing a little bit but that doesn’t really make money. She was also a realtor and that’s really all I know from like what she did before she came to the US. and then when she came to the US she worked for [inaudible Bishop?] and worked her way up and became a manager and then she retired<br /><br />Matthew: <br />Do you have siblings? Wait you have more than one right?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />Yeah I have 9 siblings, or there’s nine of us yeah from my mom’s side.<br /><br />Matthew: And then do all of them live here?<br /><br />Andrea<br />Uh so all of us live here in the US except the eldest Which because when we were trying, immigrating she was like overage. <br /><br />Matthew: <br />And then did anyone move to America before in terms of your siblings, or obviously your mom, did your mom come over first?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />No so my great grandma came here, then immigrated my grandma and her kids. Then my mom was overage so she had to wait 15[?] years and then immigrated all of us like my grandma did it<br />So we all came here at the same time <br /><br />Matthew:<br />Ok. and then what age did you move over from the Philippines?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />I was 8. <br /><br />Matthew:<br />And so yeah do you remember anything from school in the philippines? What was that like.<br /><br />Andrea:<br />I was there until I was in third grade. I was put into a school a really big private school, and all the kids were rich and it was a really competitive school. Out of all my siblings I was the youngest so I was the only one they could afford to put in there. And then it was like a bunch of spoiled rich kids And I wasn’t that because I had so many siblings and had very little money and whatever money we had was to put me in school. And then it was a lot of comparisons between what they had and what I didn’t have. And but yeah school was a lot harder in the Philippines they’re just less sympathetic with your needs in education and how people are in different levels. They expect you to just be smart and if not you just fail [insert expletive from Matthew]<br /><br />Matthew:<br />So have you had any professional experience?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />No but here I don’t know what that means.<br /><br />Matthew:<br />Did you move anywhere else before coming to the US?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />No I’ve only lived in two countries, and like 3 homes<br /><br />Matthew:<br />What were your thoughts about the US before moving here?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />I thought the US was a lot of chocolates, and I thought the whole US was chocolates and it was really cold everywhere and that there was snow everywhere all year long. And then when I talked to my cousins on facebook they come from the philippines to here and they were like your feet don’t get dirty here and everywhere’s carpet so your feet don’t get dirty.<br /><br />Matthew:<br />And so what was it like finding out the US wasn’t full of chocolate?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />Well when I came here it was like, I didn’t know I was going to stay here forever cause it didn’t like register to me till like a few months of being here and then like i don’t know, I didn’t love it because it wasn’t my home and I thought we were going to go home. And like I just started hating little things about the US and then the chocolate was [insert Matthew saying: so the chocolate was gone] like way gone I didn’t even think about it anymore. And then I realized even here we weren’t rich and there were a lot of trips to the dollar store with my grandma but like as a kid to me you know it was just a store you went to. It wasn’t until school like influenced my thoughts on what like poor people had or rich people had.<br /><br />Matthew:<br />What was the switch like coming from private schools in the philippines to US schools? Did you go to private school, public school, catholic school?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />I went to public school and I went with my cousins so it kind of helped. She was around for like recess and stuff. It was a lot more diverse people, and in the Philippines I went to school with like a lot of muslims and it was weird not to [see] people with Hijabs and stuff.and I went to school with a lot of Koreans too so yeah and it was weird not seeing that. And then it was like it was a lot of people that look different but was all American. As for school was I wasn’t really studying for tests like I did in the Philippines where I had like pages and pages of study guides and practice exams in the third grade [laughs] and then here it was like all the test scores didn’t matter and it would be hard to fail a grade.<br /><br />Matthew:<br />That’s a big change. then what school did you go to in the US, what city are you from?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />Um I’m from richmond. But for my first year of school I lived in Pinole which is also in east bay cause that’s where my cousins went to school.<br /><br />Matthew:<br />And then in school did you stay with your cousins, did you stay at your cousins school?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />I’d stay with my cousins During the week and then on the weekends my Uncle would bring me back home.<br /><br />Matthew:<br />Ok<br /><br />Andrea:<br />That was also because my house was really crowded, [inaudible]<br /><br />Matthew:<br />And then how much older is your oldest sibling?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />My oldest sibling is like 30,yeah, but then like they’re all like a year a part and me and my sister is like 3 years apart.<br /><br />Matthew:<br />And then when your family first moved here did you stay with extended family like cousins and uncles?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />My grandma actually bought a house for us before we moved here and that was in Richmond so then yeah and then a month after living there she had us pay for everything so my siblings got jobs like 2 weeks after moving here. But yeah it was with my grandma.<br /><br />Matthew:<br />Let’s see, [commentary on questions not being applicable] and then what were your thoughts on America moving here? You mentioned a lot of transitions any thoughts on that?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />Well in terms of family we didn’t really have extended family in the philippines anymore because they all came here so it was getting to know family and cousins who barely go back to the Philippines and there was a lot of family parties and trying to have everyone connect. And there was a lot of like I remember my mom tried to keep me out of it but there was a lot of like financial problems you know? Because my grandma didn’t really give us much room to make money and expecting payments and stuff. I don’t blame her but she’s already had done a lot for us. That brought me and my siblings together and that kind of helped us mature faster. I can’t really be a kid anymore because they’re too busy working. And like theres more serious things going on than me wanting to play or wanting nice things and stuff<br /><br />Matthew:<br />I suppose the next question is when you were in high school or as you got older were you expected to work a job?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />My mom always put that I was going to college no matter what, because on top of everything that was the priority that was why my family came here in the first place. So that even though none of my siblings went to higher education, I would go and I would graduate but I knew that we wouldn’t have money for me to go to college. And at 16 I started looking for jobs so junior year. I knew I had to start saving up money for college and anything else I wanted to do. The last thing in my family’s mind was to be giving me money for like needs I had with everyday stuff. And then seeing my siblings work it was kind of weird for me not to work and I always wanted to work because [my siblings were working] and so I wanted to work. It was never expected of me though<br /><br />Matthew:<br />I know your mom expected you go to college, what brought you here to Davis instead of the East Bay or SF state or something?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />It had a lot to do with family. I didn’t apply to schools in like Southern California or anywhere else other than Northern California just cause I wanted to stay close to my family ,as close as possible, even though I wouldn’t be going home very much like every weekend so if anything I could just go back. [inaudible/and/um] The thought of being like a flight away from my family I just didn’t want to do it. I wasn’t ready for it and I’m glad I stayed close to home.<br /><br />Matthew:<br />Do you notice anything different between first generation immigrants and the FilAm community? Things like cultural differences, between people born here vs people coming here as a kid. <br /><br />Andrea:<br />Yeah I do, like I’m not going to name any names but I here some rich kids talk and it’s just really different cause they never really experienced not having money even though they can speak on their parents’ behalf. If you’ve never experienced it first hand, you won’t really now how much you had compared to how much you would have had<br /><br />Matthew: <br />Any cultural differences that you noticed?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />Yeah actually, I noticed like back home with a group of friends back home there’s no judgement and everyone’s close. No matter who you hang out with it’s not like a conclusion that you’re into that person. Here it’s like oh you talk to one person it’s easy to assume you’re into that person. You know? [You can’t just be friends with someone without people starting to talk] In the Philippines it’s common they don’t really see the gender if you’re a group of friends you’re a group of friends anyone is going to be talking to anyone. And then there’s also like yeah sometimes I feel like people aren’t as genuine as people back home. There’s still like fakeness despite coming into the FilAm and expecting genuinity and yeah it’s still like a bunch of American kids.<br /><br />Matthew:<br />Were you surprised by that coming into it because I know you spent a lot of time about half your time growing up here were you surprised that people weren’t as genuine<br /><br />Andrea:<br />I expected people to be exactly like people from back home. Or at least resemble that like family trait or that family comes first and that we’re all family. It’s not like that we’re just friends.<br /><br />Matthew:<br />Any other differences you noticed culturally with about food, relations, sports ?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />A lot of people in the filam actually play volleyball and in the philippines everyone played volleyball and everybody knew how to play volleyball. It was funny to see how every Filipino played volleyball. And then there’s some weird sports that filipinos wouldn’t know. Like you play water polo? And then the thing where everybody likes boba, that’s a thing in the philippines too[Matthew: so the addiction goes across the ocean?].yeah Bingsoo too. And like yeah people in the Philippines are obsessed with falafels and korean food, and even here filipinos are known to go to Korean BBQ. [Interjections from Matthew about mutual friend Anthony going to korean BBQ the preceding day] yeah but Korean BBQ is so expensive!<br /><br />Matthew:<br />Yeah I think that’s a NorCal thing because I used to go to a place back home that was $10 and I complained when it became $12.<br /><br />Andrea:<br />Yeah I went to Socal it was so much cheaper<br /><br />Oh I guess that was another thing. Famous people were like everywhere but that was just LA. I thought all the Landmarks were all in one place and I could go to like the Statue of Liberty from the Golden Gate but it’s like really big. I thought no states existed other than California and New York. [Matthew: So Texas that’s not real?] Yeah [laughs] I didn’t know there was so many different states<br /><br />Matthew:<br />When you were going to high school and middle school did you interact with the Filipino community there? Or was Davis FilAm your first experience with Filipino Americans?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />Yeah it was, there was just a lot of Latinos. I guess it’s just cause it was California. It was either white, black, latinos yeah.<br />You can ask me about my profession, I worked here!<br />I worked at target here and every summer I worked at a camp.<br /><br />Matthew:<br />What was the camp like?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />It was Camp Galileo, so it was for exploring science and stuff like that. It’s about advancing science and technology, stuff like that.<br /><br />Matthew:<br />So getting more people into the engineering major?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />Yeah like basically K-8th grade<br /><br />Matthew:<br />What was it like coming to Davis and going to Engineering?<br />Andrea:<br />Well as a woman, there’s a lot of men with intentions. It’s really hard to get respect from people as engineers and as a student because yeah. I feel like people always got their intentions. Like I’ll help you in this class but they got intentions. Like my professors are really intimidating, as a colored person I always try to go for a colored professor or hispanic or at least women. That way I won’t end up with some random guy with a really bad accent. <br /><br />Matthew:<br />And then the other question I have that I ask a lot of the filam, do you ever felt impostor syndrome?Like it’s all kind of an act or that you don’t belong?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />Yeah I feel it, coming into Davis I knew because I talked to like so many people about it. How I get through things is you know fake it till you make it and it’s like I know I belong here and as long act like I belong here, I belong here. And no one can take that away from me because I’ve worked hard to be here. Impostor syndrome, I didn’t know that there was a word for it<br /><br />Matthew:<br />Are you a first gen-[switched the phrasing in the moment] are you the first in your family to go to college? How was navigating things like college applications and filling out the FAFSA for Financial Aid<br /><br />Andrea:<br />Yeah my mom never finished college, and she was really good at filling out forms like tax forms. My siblings also went to CC [community college] before I did. They never really graduated, my mom also went to CC for a couple semesters so she knew and was able to help me with that part. It was more she didn’t know how hard it was, she just, I couldn’t show her how hard high school was or how hard applications were or the essay questions. [Matthew: groans, oh the damn essay questions.Do you want to say anything about them? For context I spent nine months writing mine] [Laughs] no I don’t want to say anything about them I blocked them out. I’m never gonna look at these again, I don’t remember the ones I answered. It just goes to show how unimportant these [expletive] questions were.And then my mom was an english teacher but she wouldn’t look over them.<br /><br />Matthew: <br />Did you have any language barriers coming over here with your mom or grandma?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />No because my mom was an english teacher and I was taught to speak english and Tagalog at the same time.That’s another stigma in the philippines, if you don’t speak english you’re poor. So yeah my grandma was a journalist and wrote some books. She even has a published book, it’s a poem book. [Matthew: Do you want to put a plug in here?] Nah I don’t even remember the name. I didn’t really support it because when she was looking for pictures and stuff because she chose my third cousins. My grandma never really liked me until I got into Davis. Then she started representing me before she didn’t represent me because I was the dark kid. She would always representing my sister because she had the lighter skin. She’d always represent my third cousins because they had lighter skin.<br /><br />Matthew:<br />Did you ever have to deal with that in the philippines or from you family here outside of your grandma?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />Yeah um, when I first came here there was jokes about how I’d be surrounded by black kids and be in a group of black kids because I was dark. Like that was something my uncles always played around with. They always made jokes when we’d get together like “How is your black friend?” even though I didn’t really have black friends. Black people actually hated me, I was hated by black girls a lot. I only remember a few black girls who liked me because of my hair. It was really straight and yeah.<br /><br />Matthew:<br />Has your experienced changed since coming to Davis?<br /><br />Andrea:<br />Well it was, they compared me a lot to my other cousins. Since I got here I was always compared to my cousins. We were still being compared and that they always had this idea that I didn’t work hard to get to college and that it was given to me. I don’t know how college acceptance works but I guess however you want to make yourself feel good about yourself. None of my aunts went to college and the aunt that came here when she was the same age as me had a kid by like 16 and ran away from home. A lot of people thought that I was gonna be like that but she didn’t really take advantage of the privileges. She took it as a joke and didn’t really plan out her life. By the time she came here my grandma was working and had money where by the time I came here my mom didn’t have money so I saw that struggle and used that as a motivation to work harder in school.
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Transcription of Immigrant Interview of Andrea Alcantra
Subject
The topic of the resource
Richmond, Pilipino Americans in Science and Engineering (PASE), Manila, Philippines; Balayan, Batangas; Families -- Philippines, Grandmothers -- Family relationships, United States -- Emigration and immigration, Immigrants -- Education, Criticism of American Dream, Filipino Americans -- Family relationships, Filipino expectations on education, Generational differences, Food habits, Impostor Syndrome, Women in engineering, Colorism
Description
An account of the resource
Oral history interview with Andrea Alcantra, interviewed by Matthew Lawrence
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
6/20/2019
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies and the UC Davis Asian American Studies department holds intellectual control of these recordings. Usage is restricted for educational, non-commercial purposes only. For other uses, please contact archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Audio Recording and Transcript
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ucdw_wa014_s001_0025
Batangas; Families -- Philippines
Colorism
Criticism of American Dream
Filipino Americans -- Family relationships
Filipino expectations on education
Food habits
Generational differences
Grandmothers -- Family relationships
Immigrants -- Education
Impostor Syndrome
Manila
Philippines; Balayan
Pilipino Americans in Science and Engineering (PASE)
Richmond
United States -- Emigration and immigration
Women in engineering