Organization: Bulosan Center of Filipinx Studies
Oral History conducted by: Elise Israel
Date of Oral History: July 20, 2020
Interviewees include: Dylan Barazon
Topics: Bay area Fil-Am, 2000s, school and job life, moving to America,
Background information on individual/family: Dylan Barazon grew up in the Philippines. He relocated to America during his teenage years and is currently residing in Davis, California.
Transcription Completed By: Elise Israel and Dylan Barazon
Begin Transcription Here:
Elise: Hello Hello Hello.
Dylan: Hello good evening.
Elise: Oh okay. My name is Elise and you are?
Dylan: My name is Dylan Barazon.
Elise: Today’s date is July 20, 2020. The interview is being conducted at the person’s apartment and we’re being recorded on an iPhone using voice memos. So let’s get started. What year were you born in and how old are you now?
Dylan: I was born on September 27, 1997 and right now I am 22 years old.
Elise: So where did you grow up in the Philippines?
Dylan: I grew up in a small province called Taytay which is roughly I would say an hour away from Manila, which is the capital city.
Elise: And did you move anywhere else in the Philippines?
Dylan: I lived in Taytay for probably I would say about 13 years and then I lived in Pasig which is basically a municipality in Manila for three years, right before I left for America.
Elise: Okay, so why did you move?
Dylan: My school was closer, more of a traffic issue. So my Mom actually bought a condo over there.
Elise : Ok, just so you can be closer to your school?
Dylan: Exactly
Elise: Ok, so how did you view America before you came here?
Dylan: I view America as like a very foreign land. Obviously, my view of it was always stereotypical like in the movies. You know really tall buildings, a really diverse amount of people and I always thought that there were your stereotypical jocks, nerds and whatever you find in typical American movie, but that was further from the truth.
Elise: What movie did you look up to I guess about America?
Dylan: Well not necessarily I can't put an exact name to it but there's a couple out there.
Elise: Can you tell me your own memories about your upbringing in the Philippines?
Dylan: So I was obviously born and raised in the Philippines in this province called Tatytay and my Mom is actually a businesswoman. She owned a factory where she made uniforms for children.
Elise: Okay, does she still own that factory?
Dylan: She still owns it until this day.
Elise: So when and why did you come to America?
Dylan: I came to America in March 27, 2014. I came here initially because my Dad was actually by his father but we had no plans on living here. My sister was seeking treatment for her back because she had scoliosis so we decided as a family. At least me, my dad, and my sister that was should all move here and I finished my senior year of highschool here.
Elise: Ok, can you tell me about your memories of being raised in America?
Dylan: So, I went to America and honestly it was very I was a stark contrast as opposed to living in the Philippines cause in the Philippines it was just more… I was more dependent upon my parents for you know for everyday tasks. But here it's a bit more different. I actually had to commute to go to school. I had the independence of managing my own time and just being able to you know hangout with friends I'd say a really late time in the evening.
Elise: Were your expectations of America the same from what you expected?
Dylan: They were, they were the same in the sense that physically the way the place looks. But they were not met in the sense that like I said as I mentioned previously the whole idea of the jocks, the nerds and how people fit in those specific categories.
Elise: Okay, so what is your role in America? Are you working? Are you in school?
Dylan: As of right now I am a student in UC Davis pursuing a Bachelor's degree in Communication with a minor in Tech Management.
Elise: Ok, do you have any plans to work in those fields?
Dylan: What I do aspire to work for is the automotive industry. I cannot put an exact finger to what realm of that I will go into but that is the hope. So within the next few years I am trying to land an internship that will help set a springboard for my future career.
Elise: Do you remember your parents describing their lives and what did they say?
Dylan: What exactly?
Elise: Like what was their childhood, teenage, and adult life if they ever talked to you about it.
Dylan: Well my Mom she was very I'd say not necessarily reserved. But for both of my parents it's just more of it's just coming to light recently in the past three or four years knowing more about my parents' past. But I would say like in my teenage years they didn't really talk about it. But right now I am a bit more mature to talk about that. It was relatively normal. My dad was simply your typical college student but he wasn't able to finish due to some quote on quote distractions. Sorry, if that sounded very informal in a sense but my Mom was actually not the one who started the business. So this business is called One&Up it's a play on the idea the uniforms or the garments that she made was actually applicable to ages one and up hence the name. So my grandmother actually started the business and my mother took over. So it was a very small scale business and my mother scaled it up pretty well. So that's pretty much the story of my parents.
Elise: Did you ever help with her business at all.
Dylan: Yes, I did actually. But not necessarily in the way I could right now just, you know. lack of mental capacity back then I was a bit younger. You know you can't really entrust me with a lot of things. But I would say I'd help in really simple tasks here and there. Some record keeping here and there, label making, and sometimes I would go with her when she would buy textile for the clothing.
Elise: So what would you consider to be the most important inventions during your lifetime?
Dylan: Come again, sorry?
Elise: What would you consider to be the most important inventions during your lifetime?
Dylan: Definitely the cellphone, well what I mean is what it is now. Just let me rephrase it the "smartphone." Definitely I feel like that's the most important invention just because everything is done through that.
Elise: Ok, why do you like the cellphone so much, or "smartphone" as I should say.
Dylan: Just because the accessibility and the ability to just reach such a wide audience from the tap of literally from the tap of your finger.
Elise: As a child what did you want to be when you grew up?
Dylan: When I was a child I actually wanted to be a toy maker it draws from my passion of cars my parents always told me as a kid I was always looking outside the window and I would count how many cars there are outside the window and I would constantly look at the cars wheels and yeah that was basically the activity that I was doing so from that and that's the funny part I don't know where that passion came from.
Elise: You must of really loved cars.
Dylan: Yes yes I really do.
Elise: Where’d you get that passion from?
Dylan: I have no idea. It just it just it’s something that was I think I was just born with and basically from there I started collecting little Hot Wheels. At one point I would say I had like 500 pieces of Hot Wheels.
Elise: 500 pieces of Hot Wheels?
Dylan: Give or take. Give or take yes. And I did some research obviously with parental guidance of course back then when the internet when I had dial-up back then I found out that Mattel, so Mattel the company, that was responsible for other toys such as well obvious Hot Wheels and Barbie, really famous toys, are the ones responsible for making that. So I wanted to have a hand in designing those at one point in my life.
Elise: Interesting. That’s pretty cool.
Dylan: Yes.
Elise: Interesting. Have you actually like researched into it?
Dylan: I haven’t researched into it necessarily but I do know if I do want to go down that path you’re gonna have to do something along the lines of design. It definitely stems away from my current you know pursuit.
Elise: Okay. So what kind of jobs do you have in the Philippines and here in America.
Dylan: So I didn’t have any jobs in the Philippines. I was basically just a student. When it came to here in America I had a couple of jobs. At first I was my first ever job was a clerk at Target, right beside my high school. I lasted for two months and then I called it quits. After that I worked for my city college and I was a front desk clerk slash secretary or as I like to call it anything they want me to be. And most recently about a year ago I was an afterschool program leader dealing with I’d say about 20 to 30 students at a time. And I did that for a really long time. Actually I found that really fun.
Elise: So why did you leave target after two months?
Dylan: I left Target after two months just because I couldn’t deal with the attitude that some people were bringing to me. And I do understand from from a professional standpoint you know there’s so many different factors that can play into that but there were really really driving my patience and I would say I have pretty good control of my anger but there were times where I would wanted to explode on them because none of the things that they were complaining about one made any reason or two just were any in my control. You know.
Elise: Okay and then.. So what was your favorite vacation?
Dylan: Ooh. That’s really interesting. I’d say my favorite vacation so far. Oh actually they all have their own quirks but if I were to choose one I would say when I went to Guam with my family because that was really fun. I’ve been to Guam I’d say about three times? So that was really exciting. I would say the beaches are even better than Hawaii. But then again I’m only quoting my parents because I’ve never been to Hawaii but that’s what they said so I’m I’m believing them. There there beaches are really nice and the sand is very fine to the touch. It’s very very nice. I would recommend whoever is listening to this to go there. Yes
Elise: So, who or what person has the most positive influence on your life and what did they do to influence you?
Dylan: I’d say my mother but on top of that I would say both of my grandmothers too. There’s no specific person. Just like with anything in life I feel like people tend to like pick things on people and I guess it’s the same. I think from my mother I learned the value of patience. From my grandmother on my mother’s side I would I learned the value of just hard work in general. And my grandmother on my father’s side I just learned how to love. That was all combined together. Those are like the women who really changed my life.
Elise: Were you close to a lot of the women in your life? Like do you have siblings or is your mom the only woman figure in your life?
Dylan: Yes I have a twin sister and I have obviously a lot what’s really funny is in almost all positions except for the one that I had in my previous job, all of my superiors were women. So that was that was very interesting. So I answer to women all the time. So yeah. I would say that’s very interesting.
Elise: I agree. Do you remember someone saying something to you that had a big impact on how you lived your life?
Dylan: Um I would say not necessarily but if I were to live if I were to live by a saying I think it would be which is basically an accumulation of the experiences that I have dealt with throught my life, I believe in the saying “if you’re doing it, it’s worth doing well”. ‘Cause you’re already there you’re already spending time and effort and the value you know your resources. So you might as well do it in the best way you can.
Elise: I really like that.
Dylan: Yes.
Elise: That’s really good. Well thank you for your interview. I really appreciate it. Mwah
Interview w/ Russ Rino
Transcription completed by: Tara Rino
TR: Okay, so can you please introduce yourself?
RR: Russ Rino.
TR: Okay, so we’re just gonna be talking about your experience as a Filipino immigrant, and moving to America. So, when and where were you born and raised?
RR: I was born and raised in Pililla, Rizal, Philippines.
TR: When were you born?
RR: February 18th.
TR: What year?
RR: 1942.
TR: Okay, so can you please share any memories or experiences growing up in the Philippines?
RR: Well, I came from a family of 11 siblings. So, my father was receiving what we call pension from the American government. And my mother was always a housewife. And it was a challenge for a big family like ours. And so from my childhood I was always aspiring to do something better. I want the better version of myself.
TR: What were you aspiring to be at that time?
RR: During those days, I really wanted to be a lawyer. But later on as I get a little older, I realize that it would have been a very expensive proposition. And during high school days, raised as a Catholic, going to Catholic high school, I actually wanted to be a priest. Then I looked at my younger siblings, and I said, “Well, if I go to priesthood, I don't think anybody can provide education to my three younger brothers.” So I keep on with my dream of becoming an engineer, and I did.
TR: So, can you talk about some challenges that your family had?
RR: Yes, one of the challenges in a big family is we have sufficient food, having abundance of rice, vegetables, and daily needs. But the biggest challenge for me, myself, is finances. So, during elementary school I learned how to sell bread. Back in the Philippines, we call it Pandesal. That is the most popular breakfast for Filipino people. Then during the day, this is during my elementary school, I will sell what we call here ice cream. And I save money to help myself go to school. And then in high school, my father, being politically well connected, high school days I was working for the government in the highway construction. I was what we call a timekeeper. I keep track of all the highway construction workers’ time. And again, trying to save money. And then college, my first two years of college, I was fortunate enough to academically qualify for a two-year scholarship from the biggest oil gas company in the Philippines: CalTex, which stands for California-Texas oil, a joint venture of Texas oil and standard oil here in Californa and Texas. And then after my two-year college, I worked for the Philippine government during the day and then at night time, I will hop on the bus, go to the University Belt in the Philippines that is in what we call a place called Quiapo, then I was going to my night school, going for my chemical engineering degree.
TR: So how much did you make selling Pandesal and ice cream?
RR: Oh, I don’t know.. Pandesal and ice cream? If I make 10 pesos a day, during those times, that’s plentiful. And then during high school years, working for the provincial government, I was earning the minimum wage of 4 pesos an hour. So again, that money was basically for myself. Saving it for my college years. And then, my first two years, as I said, I was a two-year scholar of the oil company CalTex and I was receiving a monthly… not salary but it’s a scholarship expense of about 350 dollars a month. For the next 2 years of my college scholarship.
TR: So, were you the first in your family to move to America from the Philippines?
RR: Yes I was. And then I brought seven siblings after I obtained my US citizenship. So, except for one, all of those siblings are still here in America.
TR: Can you talk about your experience moving here? How did it happen?
RR: Well again, I was always aspiring for a better life. Always looking for what we call in the Philippines “greener pasture”. High school days and college days, that young age, most young men will be maybe looking for a girlfriend, but I wasn’t. I was focused on my studies because I have an ambition to one day come to America. And good enough, I was able to do that, with focusing on my ambition. So here I am, fifty years later, still doing what I think is good for my family.
TR: So how did you move here?
RR: Well, again, life is tough in the Philippines.
TR: No, how did you get to America?
RR: I am what you’d call first batch of Filipino professionals to come to America, meaning college educated. And so I applied at the U.S. immigration office in Manila, Philippines.
TR: So, what are some of your favorite memories of growing up in the Philippines?
RR: Coming from a big family, siblings of eleven, it was always fun playing with my brothers and sisters. Those were my priceless moments. So when I came to America, November 2nd, 1968, for months, I could not adjust to American life. My first year in America, I always wanted to go back to the Philippines and be with my family. There were moments in time that I will say, “Oh, I wish I had stayed there.” That’s how much I missed my family. Although I was always aspiring to come to America, but once I got here, it wasn’t as easy I thought it would be. Because then again, I was longing, I was missing my family. And it got to the point where… and I came you know, November timeframe, cold, and not knowing many very many people, I was really homesick.
TR: So, when you first came here it was just you by yourself?
RR: Yes!
TR: So where did you get situated in America at first?
RR: Well, not knowing any better, I ended up living with strangers, people that I’ve never met, people that I did not know. I was just introduced to them by some folks in the Philippines. So my first three months, I was living with a couple.
TR: Where?
RR: Again, not knowing much about the area, I settled in East Palo Alto of all places.
TR: So what happened after that?
RR: Well, soon after, within a month of my arrival, through people that I did not know, I was able to get a job from a electronic manufacturing company in San Carlos. And for what it’s worth, to this very moment, I still remember this company’s name, which was Lenkurt Electronics in San Carlos, California. And not owning a car, I was carpooling with a woman that I was introduced to and her husband.
TR: So did you get the job because of your engineering degree from the Philippines?
RR: No, actually, having a degree coming from the Philippines, I felt like that was used against me in the sense that I was overqualified for the job that I first landed. It was an electric manufacturing company and I did not have to disclose my degree otherwise I probably would have not been accepted for that assembly position for an engineer coming from the Philippines. All I had was $300 in my pocket and a need to survive, a need to find a job quickly so I can settled in East Palo Alto.
TR: So did you get that job right when you came to America or how long did it take?
RR: Yeah, within a month of my arrival. And it’s rather easy during those years to find a job because there were plenty of job openings in manufacturing, although Vietnam War was getting to its end and there were also many job applicants.
TR: So you were in America around the time of the Vietnam War?
RR: Yeah, I arrived here in November 2nd, 1968 and the American government was beginning to pull out the American troops from Vietnam. So many Vietnam War veterans were out there looking for a job. And you know, they had the priority over other applicants and they so well-deserved it. After all, they served for the country.
TR: So are you still an engineer today or did that change?
RR: No, just to backtrack a little bit, I always wanted to practice my chemical engineering profession. So when I first arrived here, my first month, this was before I took that electronic manufacturing job, I went to Chicago, Illinois. I applied for a chemical engineering position. I had a good letter of recommendation coming from the vice president of the oil company back in the Philippines, CalTex. Highly recommended to Standard Oil of California and I went to their San Francisco headquarters on Sansome Street. But you know, there was not very many demand for chemical engineers in California. And that’s why for about two weeks, I went back East or Midwest, I went to Chicago and looked for a chemical engineering job. I found one, but by that time, I realized how cold Chicago can get. So I declined the job offer and instead flew back to California.
TR: So you came from the Philippines to Palo Alto, and then you went to Chicago, and then you came back?
RR: Yeah, I was just staying, I had a coworker from the government agency in the Philippines that I worked with and so for two weeks, I stayed with him in Chicago. And I went as far as Miluwakee, Wisconsin, which is neighboring state of Illinois, looking for a chemical engineering job. But again, I found one in Chicago area but did not take it.
TR: So you said that your first couple months in America was hard, so what did expectations did you have of America before you came?
RR: Well, it’s probably the same expectations which is not really the way it is, by many people in the Philippines. People in the Philippines think that money in America grows in the tree, which is not at all. Soon after settling here, then I realized that beginning your life in America can be very difficult and at times very disheartening, not the way I was expecting it. But someone has to adjust.
TR: Once you started to get settled in, did you feel disconnected from the Filipino culture, or did you find a way to stay connected with your culture?
RR: Well, just to give you a quick background, my father was well politically-connected in the Philippines. Actually, my plan was to stay in America for five years and go back after that because at the time, it was president Marcos who was in the government. And a very good and close family friend of us, a good buddy of my father, Senator Salonga was going to, well the assumption was going to be the next president after President Marcos. And being a close family friend, I was hoping that after five years here, and when he becomes the president, I would go back there and probably get a good paying, good position in the Philippine government. But as I look back, I have no regrets. If that had happened, if President Marcos did not declare Martial Law, and Senator Salonga became president, I can only predict that knowing how the Philippine government runs, I could have been working for a good position in the government but I would have been corrupted. So again, you know, destiny was on my favor that I stayed in America. So here I am, working hard on my own, achieving American dreams, and helping not only my family, but other extended families or friends. So I had no regrets.
TR: Yeah but did you feel like you were still connected to the Filipino culture or did you feel more Americanized at all, throughout your life here?
RR: After my first ten years here, I sort of disconnected with the Philippine culture. And now, I don’t even go back to the Philippines for like every eleven years, thirteen years. My family is here, and to me this is home. I love the Philippine culture, I love the Philippines being my native country, but at the end of the day, America is my home.
TR: Do you still have any Filipino traditions and values that you keep alive in your family today?
RR: Well my number one would be the religion. I try very hard to do my obligation to God and then next to my fellow men. I tried very hard to pay tribute to God, attending Sunday masses when it is possible. Eighty, eighty-five percent of my Sunday commitment to God almighty. I’m able to accomplish that by going to mass. Not until the pandemic happened, then I do the virtual mass during Sundays.
TR: So what does being Filipino-American mean to you?
RR: Well again, I’m very proud to be Filipino. But by the same token, for what it’s worth, I am more Americanized in more ways than one. Politically, I’m totally disconnected in the Philippines. I don’t know (and not in a bad way), I don’t care who runs the Philippine government but at times when I watch the news when I get on a Filipino channel, it hits home when I see beautiful places back in the Philippines which I never travelled. I was pretty much contained in Manila. What is very disheartening to me though, watching Filipino television channels, is how oppressed and how poor the Filipino people are. So you know, to me that is heartbreaking.
TR: So how many times have you visited the Philippines since you moved in America?
RR: In my fifty some years living in America, five times only.
TR: What are those experiences like coming back?
RR: Well, overall, it was good experience seeing my siblings, relatives. But after ten, maybe twelve days at the most, I am looking to fly back to America. I don’t think I can ever adjust to Filipino way of living anymore. As I said earlier, this is home for me.
TR: So you don’t enjoy being in the Philippines anymore?
RR: Well the time, the number of days that I stay there. I love the Filipino culture. If anything else, and even here in America, I enjoy food. I always tell my friends the two things that I truly love [about] being alive is eating and playing mahjong. Mahjong is a very traditional way of spending your time with friends. And to my opinion, it also, especially for someone my age, it also sharpens your mind. It makes you think. So yeah, those are the two things I enjoy in life.
TR: So do you try to pass on any parts of Filipino culture onto your kids, like the language or anything?
RR: Not really, because everyone in my family speaks English. At times, I will ask them to pay a visit to the Philippines, but with all candidness, I’m totally (for the most part) disconnected with the Philippines.
TR: Do you have anything specific you want to share? Like about your experiences throughout your life, anything about being Filipino/Filipino-American?
RR: As you get older, you appreciate life more and you really want to give the best you can to your family. Just trying to do the right thing and still, I’m very active in what I do in life which is real estate and also I am slowly developing a second business venture which is helping a family, getting them educated, how to make money and how to invest wisely, and this other business venture that I am focusing more and more, we have a saying that “No family is left behind.” In the financial world, unless you have $250,000 sitting in your bank account, there is no financial advisor that will even talk to you. They won’t give you their time to give you financial education on how to make and save money, how to avoid paying too much on your income tax. So, more and more, I am focusing on this new business venture. But by the same token, after forty years of real estate life, I am still out there, helping families and I am very competitive. My company obviously is owned by Warren Buffet, Berkshire Hathaway. It’s a very competitive environment, and I’m telling you, I’m saying this with no bad taste, that I’m giving those young realtors a run for their money. I’m out there helping families whether buying or selling homes, and I’m good on what I do. After forty years of being a real estate agent.
TR: So you’re obviously very educated and successful. How would you compare yourself to your siblings that live here in America? You said you have six, seven?
RR: Eight siblings as we speak.
TR: How many are in America?
RR: Four of us here in America. The other sisters had gone back and retired in the Philippines. Well, I don’t know. I try not to compare myself with other people and not to compare myself with my siblings, but I feel good. I think I have accomplished what I wanted to accomplish in America. I feel very successful and I think financially, owning multiple real estate properties, I think in my own little way, I am very successful.
TR: Did you help your siblings get here to America?
RR: Yes indeed. I brought them all one by one, Some of them took me seventeen years. Some of them took me eighteen, nineteen years to bring them over. But that patience at the end of the day pays off. So they are all here, well still three of them (four including myself) are all here enjoying the American life.
TR: Do you think you could talk about the process for bringing each sibling? And you can use their names. In any order, doesn’t matter.
RR: Not anymore. The US government, and I think I can look back to the years of Bill Clinton, President Clinton. I think that’s when the Immigration Law had started shifting. Prior to that, you have this… I don’t know if you would call it US citizenship “privilege” that you can bring your siblings, whether it’s brother or sister, you can petition for them. And as I said, depending on the priorities, some of my siblings came here after eighteen years of me filing petition on their behalf. Some of them eighteen, nineteen years. But the US government had stopped doing that from the Philippines, anyway. I don’t know of any other countries and other parts of the world that are still privileged to bring their siblings to America, but at least in the Philippines, that immigration benefit for Filpino people had stopped couple decades ago.
TR: Wait why did it take so many years, like eighteen, nineteen years for some of them?
RR: Because of many applicants. Can you imagine, every single country in the world, from small countries, island countries to even big countries, everybody wants to migrate to America. So just the immigration process is just very cumbersome, for that very reason that people want to come in to America. And I don’t know why, I think nowadays it’s sort of late to migrate to America because now, it’s not what it was like twenty-some years ago.
TR: So you said when you first came to America, you were in Palo Alto. How did you end up here in San Jose?
RR: Well, soon after that, I think I stayed in East Palo Alto for about a year, adjusting life, working, and always trying to better myself. And then after that, I start making a little more money, I was able to buy a brand new car, and then I moved to Santa Clara. Still living in an apartment. I had no real estate background, nobody had given me any education on real estate. So at some point in my life, 1969 to 1971, I moved down to Southern California because I was getting tired of working for the electronic manufacturing and so I reached out to a company that I worked for in the Philippines after I left the Philippine government. I worked for a company, that was shortly before migrating to America. A company called Philippine Standard, which is the Philippine operations of America Standard. There in that company, I was able to practice some of my chemical engineering background. I was a lab technician for American Standard in Torrance, California. All it took was one phone call and I introduced myself to the vice president of operations for American Standard and I told them that I worked for their Philippine plant. Gave them a quick background of myself and January 1970, they invited me to fly down to Torrance, California for a job interview and after that interview, I was accepted. Then I moved down to Southern California. I lived there for about twenty-five, twenty-six months. After that length of time, I realized that that is really not the place I wanted to live the rest of my life [in]. It was very crowded, and so I moved back to now what we call Silicon Valley. So here I am in San Jose, California.
TR: Did you end up living with your siblings at any point when you were in America?
RR: No, pretty much on my own. I bought my first house in Santa Clara and my first sibling that came to America, he lived with me.
TR: What’s his name?
RR: Roland. At that time, I was working for a company in Mountain View called Spectra Physics. And so I got my brother Roland a job at Spectra Physics. I was in that company for about thirteen years. Until I did not want to be a part of a manufacturing environment anymore. So May 1980 is when I passed my real estate exam from the state of California and I worked real estate for five years after I got my license in 1980. So by 1985, I completely disconnected myself in the manufacturing company. By then, I had established my real estate career and now after all those years, I’m still doing real estate strongly. Still making a difference in families’ lives.
TR: So what was it like moving to America and being away from your parents?
RR: Tough. Again as I said earlier, there was a point in my life that I said, “Oh, I probably should have stayed in the Philippines. I will probably be still poor, but at least I am with my family.” But you know, after all those years, again, I have no regret. Keeping on, always striving to do better, always wanting to improve, always wanting to bring the best version of myself, and so again here I am. Fifty-some years after, living happily in America with my family.
TR: So when you moved from the Philippines to America, was it just a straight flight to America?
RR: I can tell you this much, and that was my first experience to fly. I flew Northwest Airlines. And our point of entry to America from the Philippines was Seattle, Washington. And so that was a two, maybe three hour layover from Seattle, Washington airport and then Northwest Airlines flew us down to San Francisco. And that was the beginning of my American life.
TR: Do you think you were able to fulfill the dreams you had growing up in your life now in America? Like your dreams and aspirations?
RR: Here in America?
TR: Yeah.
RR: Oh yes, definitely. I would have not been in this stage of my life had I not migrated in America. And who knows, knowing the life in the Philippines, I may not have lived this long. Here, healthy environment, peaceful surroundings, healthy food. If I need any doctor attention, I can easily get it, although at my age, I’m very healthy, I have no health issues. The only issue I have as far as my health is I have a minor case of asthma and that is under control. And then enjoying eating and until about ten, twelve years ago I wasn’t eating healthy, I did not know any better. Eating red meat to non red meat. So I learned that to live healthy, you just have to watch your diet. And I am doing great on that. For the most part, I only eat chicken and fish. And again, thank God. No health issues at this point in my life. And with God upward watching me and me doing my part as far as behaving on what I take in, I intend and I plan to be around for a little while longer.
TR: Have you ever made any observations between your family here in America and maybe like your siblings’ families that live in the Philippines?
RR: Well there’s no comparison. In the Philippines, just to track back a little bit, that was one of my motivation to get out of the country: it’s either you are poor or you are rich. My family, fortunately, we were not poor. But I would not even call us in the middle because there’s nothing in between. But we were fortunate enough because of my parents’ land holding. We were able to plant rice, vegetables, fruits, the daily stipend, the daily human needs. So, we were not deprived of the common commodities. Not financially rich, but we were okay.
TR: How valuable do you view the Filipino-American community in your life?
RR: At one point in my life, I was well connected with Filipino associations here in Silicon Valley. But as I continue working real estate, I am doing less of that and spending more time in real estate. After all, that is my passion. So I have not been involved in any local Filipino associations, but I would at times attend different regional Filipino association gatherings. Whether it’s from Central Philippines, Northern Philippines, or whatever part of the Philippines, when they reach out to me, I was always there for them. I will give financial support through advertising my real estate business. So, I’m still there whenever I’m need by the Filipino communities.
TR: So you’re happy living here in America?
RR: Very much so. That’s an understatement.
TR: Is there any final statements or memories you wanna share?
RR: Well, I think from my experience on my childhood, always working, doing the things that I did in elementary school, selling bread, selling ice cream. Then high school, I had my own banana, papaya plantations so on weekends I can reach out to three, four buddies and say, “Hey, help me pick vegetables so I can sell it to the market so I can use that money for my high school expense.” And then, moving to America, you know, never stopped. Just like in the Philippines. At my age, I am still working. I think I will get bored if I stay home because I am used to always [being] out there helping families achieve their American dream of home ownership, nothing put a smile on my face than handing a house key to my home buyer, first time home buyer because I was able to help them “Put a roof on their head,” as they say. So to me, what I am doing is my passion. And then this added value in my real estate business, the insurance business that I am slowly but surely developing, I am even able to help other families by educating them on how to leverage on their income by not paying too much income tax return to the government. There are ways to do that legally. I mean it’s something that I wish I could discuss here but for respect of time, I won’t do that. It can be very time-consuming. I am and truly enjoying my life in America.
TR: Okay, thank you!
RR: You are very welcome. I hope this will help a little bit for whatever use this video interview.
TR: Thank you for your time.
RR: You’re very welcome. Enjoy the rest of your day.
Topics/Themes
Filipino American Oral History Project
Oral History Interview
With
Nickie Tuthill-Delute
September 15, 2020
Virtual, Google Voice Interview
By Daniel Nero
Welga Archives, Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies
UC Davis Asian American Studies Department
[00:00]
NERO: All right, let's begin the interview. It is Tuesday, September 15th and this is Daniel Nero conducting an interview for the Bulosan Center of Filipino Studies to record the history of the Filipino American community and we are conducting this interview via Google Voice. Let's begin. Could you please state your name for the recording?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Ah, yes. Nickie Tuthill-Delute
NERO: Then, could you spell your last name, please?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Sure, T, as in Tom, U-T-H-I-L-L, hyphen D as in dog, E-L-U-T as in Tom, E.
NERO: When and where were you born?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: I was born in Delano, CA in 1953.
NERO: And then which part of California is Delano?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: It's the Central Valley. It's about 30 miles north of Bakersfield.
NERO: Let's see. Tell me about your mother and your father, when and where they were born?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: They're actually born or they're from Hinunangan, Southern Philippines. Southern Leyte, Philippines.
NERO: And then, when were they born?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Oh, Dad was born in March of 1902 and Mom was on May of 1918.
NERO: Any siblings?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Me?
NERO: Yes.
TUTHILL-DELUTE: OK yes, so including myself there are seven of us. One had passed at birth pretty much and we have a sixth one that we discovered about 21 years ago in Philippines. So there's six of us living.
NERO: And when you said that there's a sixth one that you found, what does that mean?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: It means that we didn't know that we had a half—sister until right about the day that my mom had her stroke and we discovered by hook and crook on [Transcriber’s Note: English language idiom]. We discovered accidentally that we had a half—sister from our Aunt, she just happened to mention it and that's how we discovered it. I've reached out to her and we've connected.
NERO: And so this is in the Philippines, you said.
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Yes, she is actually in. Yeah, she is actually living in him Hinunangan, Southern Leyte, Philippines.
NERO: So let's talk about your family's immigration history, how long has your family been in Delano or the United States?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: OK, so it's a two parter. My dad was, as I mentioned, he was born in 1902 and he immigrated in 1926 and he came to look for work and historically now I find out that he's a manong [Transcriber’s note: Manong is the Ilocano word for Older Brother]. Part of that immigration group that came in in the early or in the 20s. So, Dad immigrated here and he had a cousin who immigrated in 1905 and was a cannery worker in Seattle at about 1918. And my dad’s brother, our Uncle, immigrated 1926 and so my dad had that. I am aware of because I had to go through genealogy to find all this that he had two relatives here in the United States by the time he arrived in 1928. And from what I had seen in the records, his destination, once he arrived, he arrived in Seattle, Washington. His destination went to San Francisco, which I thought, “wow, that's really interesting. How did he know where to go?” When I'm figuring that it's probably because of his cousin who was, I believe, living in San Francisco at the time.
And then my mom came in 1952, it was because she married my dad in the Philippines on 1952. Dad arrived off course many years before and he was working with the Navy as a civilian, and had a break from what I understand on the records. Married my mom and he went back to the [United] States to work and she followed him several months later and came. She actually flew on a plane, which I never knew that. She flew in Acclaim Pacific—I mean Philippine Airlines and came to San Francisco. And at the time they were living— Dad was living in San Francisco while he was working and I am assuming that they were planning on living here [San Francisco]. But then, Mom was complaining that it was too cold in San Francisco. Since you’re [Transcriber’s Note: Referring to Daniel Nero] from Nevada, in in the summer in San Francisco, it's pretty cold. It's not very hot, and so she arrived here and my dad would come home from work and he would say— he told us this is the story— he told us “Gee, your mom is like a cat hanging by the heater.” And it's like “what's wrong”? She's like, “oh she's too cold” so anyway, my uncle was already migrating throughout California and he knew about Delano. He was there for work picking grapes and mentioned to my dad that there were a lot of Filipinos living there and that the weather was much better and maybe that it would be a great place for them to come to move and establish a home there. And then, next year I was born [laughs]. I was the first of the eldest, clearly. So, that's how my parents immigrated to the US.
NERO: So, just to backtrack a little bit, so your dad moved because of job opportunities?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Yeah, he was looking for a better life. He mentioned that he was working as a teacher in the Philippines and he —I'm just guessing because, my dad didn't really tell us a whole lot because I just know from personal records/ through genealogy— that his cousin was here already and my uncle or his brother was here, and so I'm sure that they probably spoke to each other and probably encouraged him to come to the States. And historically, to the United States was in possession of those things. Is that right? I'm trying to remember my history, but anyway, I know that my dad always kidded— yeah, well, he and all the other all his friends would always say “hey, you know, there's probably gold on the streets. We should look for it.” But yeah, in reality they knew that was not true, but that was a goal that I'm sure they probably had when they were a lot younger.
NERO: So, you mentioned that your mom actually flew on a plane — Philippine Airlines — Did your dad do the same? Or how did he get to America?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Right? Oh, he went by ship, from what I gather since he arrived here in 1928 to 1952 and during the 1940s and [19]50s he was working with in the Navy as a civilian, and he traveled and because of work assignment he was always on the ship. I never found any immigration papers or census papers of him taking an airplane. Back and forth during that time.
NERO: So, it was through like the military, that he was able to immigrate to the United States.
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Correct.
NERO: Let's see. So, you said that your parents, with at least in your immediate family, would be the first ones in America. Correct? Were any of your parents or relatives, were any of them farm workers?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: In the Philippines or in the United States?
NERO: In the United States.
TUTHILL-DELUTE: No, no, they I mean they were. Well, I shouldn't say that my uncle was a farm worker. Farm labor worker? My dad’s cousin was actually a cook. Subsequently though, the story is that my dad and a lot of his friends from Hinunangan eventually came to the United States. They created a benevolent society. They call themselves the Hinunangan Circle of America. And they created the organization so that they could help and support each other.
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Because at the time, I thought I found out that they weren't able to own property, run a business, have a bank account, so I know that because the organization does still exist. It's a little different now. It's a little more of a social organization, than it was a striving to help each other through times of trouble, but they would help each other whenever somebody looked down on their luck and…so where was I going with this anyway? So a lot of them who came here if they weren't working in in the fields, and a majority of them were working in late [sp?] agricultural labor — agricultural farms some would even go up to the fish canneries either in Alaska or in Seattle, and a few of them were on from what I can tell I had blue collar jobs like cooks or I had one of my dad's friends with a printer here in San Francisco and somebody with a gardener in LA. But they were just a few, a majority of them were farm labor workers.
NERO: For those who are farm labor workers or just, I guess like farm worker adjacent. What were their living conditions like? If you know or if you have ever heard any stories from your relatives.
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Well, I was born in 1952 and I grew up in Delano. Delano has labor camps during those times, and I know that a lot of the Filipinos single men lived in those labor camps because we would go and visit them. My mom would sell her pastries, her Binangkal or budbud or Bibinka to the Filipino men that were there, and I do know that. I mean, I didn't see them, but I have heard that there were other labor camps throughout the West Coast from Washington, Oregon, California. And their conditions, you know when you're a kid, you’re just kind of like “well, OK, this this is how they live” but they lived in like barracks [with] a single room — 8 by 12, maybe? I'm not really sure. It had a single bed, a closet. A small little closet, one window and that was that was pretty much it. And I remember when we were kids, when we would go visit and see our Manongs or our uncles, we would say “hey, can we see your room” and they would always say “no, no no, you don't want to see our room” and my uncle—I think was my uncle— finally said “OK, OK you can come see, come look in and see, but you can't stay for very long” and it was kind of like “oh wow this is great” and we go in. And it's like, “Oh my God, it's so small.” Then he had like a calendar hanging on the wall and it had a girly picture up and you know we’re kids, we’re like going “Ohhhh OK”. And he said “OK, OK now you got— now you have to leave” [laughs]. And, we're like “okay” and we’re like five, seven, ten—years old. And anyway, so they had several rooms like that, like in a barracks style. We would go there and go “we've got to use the bathroom and we go to the bathroom” and it's like this this long—Oh, I don't know—it's like a plank up against the wall with a hole in it and you go “oh can go use the bathroom” and you look down and it's like “oh it’s like dirt!” then you're like “Wow, OK. That should be interesting.” And then we would go visit the cook because my mom and dad would always offer them vegetables for their meals for the cook. It was like a large type of cafeteria in a wooden building and sometimes the cook would—if they had any food—they would feed us kids and that was that was really nice. It wasn't the greatest, but they had a place to live, had a bathroom and shower and food and so from what I understand now that those were the standard living conditions that that they lived in.
[16:03]
NERO: And I know that you said that that you were a child during like, when you visited these labor camps. Could you speak on any like discrimination that they faced?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Now, off hand, I never really saw it. I grew up in a very isolated type of life. So I mean, if there were, it wasn't really obvious to me, and then the labor camps by the time the Delano grape strike occurred in 1965. It was a lot of the labor camps were deemed illegal and were torn down and so by the time I figured out what was discrimination, then that was already gone. But the fact that they were already told that they were kicked out of their living—their home, which what it's called, their home—that’s discrimination there. But I know that my dad really hardly ever spoke about the bad things, so I was pretty clueless. Now of course I have other siblings so they might have different experiences, but that was—I'll be honest—I never really felt it or heard anything. Maybe I have, maybe…
NERO: Have you ever asked?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: No, not at the time. Like if I didn't know any difference at all and of course, as I've gotten older, my dad, even though he lived to be 88, I was like in my 40s and all his friends had all passed away even sooner than him. So you know the opportunity to ask was not there. That I just I missed that opportunity to know a little bit of their history.
NERO” OK, so you've brought up many things about like the Grape Strike we'll get to that in this second section of questions. I have to kind of shift a little bit and focus on you growing up in Delano. So, growing up, were you mainly around family, friends or relatives?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Mostly family and friends.
NERO: Why do you think that is?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Small town [laughs].
NERO: That makes sense
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Small town and I honestly grew up thinking that I had no relatives except for my dad, brother, my uncle and we had and another manong which was—[laughs] I find out now wasn't that much older than my dad, but we used to call him lolo [Transcriber’s note: Tagalog word for Grandfather].
NERO: [Laughs]
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Oh, OK. Oh, “why is he our Lolo?” and because you know, we always figured that our grandparents were in the Philippines and I found out later that he was married to my dad’s—his first cousins—and so, I think he migrated to the United States, but around the same time. Anyway, because he was so close to my dad’s first cousin, we called him Lolo, and he was our designated babysitter. But I don't know if you want to talk about that yet, but anyway so I grew up thinking that I had no relatives and I find out years later that I have a lot of relatives in the United States and in the Philippines but I really didn't grow up with them because at that time, they weren’t quite around. There were a few, but not a lot, and so it's just mostly family. My immediate family that I grew up with and all my friends in the town of Delano.
[20:31]
NERO: In a sense, the people that you're surrounded by are practically your family now too, like everyone’s your Tita [Transcriber’s Note: Tagalog word for Aunt], everyone’s your Tito [Transcriber’s Note: Tagalog word for Uncle].
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Oh, yeah.
NERO: Speaking of, let's talk about the Filipino community. Were all the Filipinos close with one another?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Oh God, yeah. It's like everybody knew you knew each other. So I mean, it's small, I grew up In in a town, it was only at that time about what 10,000 people or something, and we had a Filipino community hall and we used to go to all social events, Christmas parties, Easter Egg hunt parties, birthday parties. You know everything that you can imagine. My brother in the in the 60s was a king of hearts [laughs].
NERO: What is that?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: It was Saint Valentine’s Day.
NERO: Oh I love it.
TUTHILL-DELUTE: I don't know if they do that anymore, but it was a social box and they crowned the king and queen. You know, little kids for Saint Valentine's Day and my brother was, amazingly, amazingly enough [laughs] was the King of Hearts. So anyway, so we’re a very close—knit community. We all knew each other. We all went to school together. I mean, there were the farmers and the business owners and we always figured to label our town because of the railroad line that that was right down the middle of town. So we had the east side of Delano, where all the white people lived, and then the West side of Delano, where all the minorities who have all the Filipinos, Mexicans, African Americans all lived on that side of town. So we had one elementary school and we all went to that same elementary school. So it was a combination of K through 8 [th grade], so we all knew each other from kindergarten from five years old to 8th grade to 14. So we all kind of knew each other. We all knew all the families and we only had one high school. So then we all integrated with the Caucasian students from the east side of school in our town. So that yeah, the close knit community.
NERO: Let's focus on the Filipino community first and we'll talk about the heterogeneous mix of the groups. Were there any tension between the Filipino ethnic group?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: No, not that I grew up with…No, I was thinking about that question and I thought, “well, you know, maybe later down the road,” but when I was growing up, no, and not at all who we all got along pretty well.
NERO: OK, what about between like Filipinos and Mexicans, Filipinos and white folks, like any tensions between like interracial tensions.
TUTHILL-DELUTE: When I was growing up in the 50s and 60s, I didn't really see too much of that, then again, the problem I have is that I was pretty sheltered on being the oldest girl and I was not able to see any of that, at least I think that's what my parents did. You know, protected me, but I mean, I know that there were some tension. You know in the 60s, but it was mostly the…
NERO: Civil rights movement?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Yes, thank you, that! The civil rights movement and I was more into the Identifying [with] the feminist movement. I'm not sure they called it the feminist movement yet that came in the 70s, but you know, I was remembered as a kid, I was kind of like “I don't want to be like these women, don't want to be like little girly girls and all like those stuff” but anyway. So in regards to Mexicans and Filipinos, I don't know, we all seemed to have gotten along. I just personally mean, I'm trying really hard to think about that, I mean it didn't happen until much later.
NERO: And by much later you mean like not growing up, but during the 50s, 60s?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: In the 70s actually, I mean in the 70s mostly, I was in.
NERO: I understand.
TUTHILL-DELUTE: I was in high school when this was all coming out. I mean when the Grape Strike [started] and that created a lot of tension. But again, this is the Grape Strike. This was like in ‘65, but even then, I was kind of clueless until later, but we can talk about that later. You're ready to ask me questions about it?
NERO: OK, OK so we're switching back and forth. Let's go back to the Filipino community and earlier you mentioned the Manongs. How did the Filipino families view elderly models?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Oh well, you know, like they’re relatives, a lot of them. I mean we did, we would have them over our house and they would stay whenever they were visiting, and so our Lolo was Manong, my uncle was Manong, so many of my dad's friends from his benevolent society, they were all Manongs. I mean, now I know the word and so that what it means and I grew up with them and I thought my dad was the only old guy in in in my life and I realized later that everybody in Delano all the fathers were that old and all my dad friends were all that old.
TUTHILL-DELUTE: You know how it is, there's Asian Americans, or I mean, Asians, Filipinos. You know, they look so young you don't realize that they're already in their 50s or 60s when you're like 10 years old.
NERO: Well, you mentioned that. You now know the word and you know what it means, so can you give me a definition of what a Manong is?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Well, a Manong is older Filipino and it's a term of endearment to respect. And it usually categorizes in what we’re speaking to right now. It categorizes the men, the Filipino men who arrived in the United States back in the 20s and 30s. I mean, I know now you can say to any older Filipino man for respect. But I associate now Manongs with the older, the really older generation of like my dad. I mean if he was alive now he would be over 100 years old.
NERO: Let's see, do you have any memorable experiences about a Manong that you'd like to share?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Oh gosh, I have so many. Oh OK, well you can talk about my Lolo and he was, as I mentioned, was married to my dad’s first cousin, so there were very close friends. He would come to visit us in our home in Delano when you know, and I could never figure out when he would come visit, but he would come visit us and there were times he would come and babysit us and so, I thought “wow, he's a great cook.” I mean, if food always came out and he just you know [his] Filipino cooking, just wonderful. And he would always tell us his kids “Pick a vegetable, pick a vegetable” and because my dad grew all this vegetable at our house. And [he’d say] “pick a vegetable and bring it over and I'll cook something,” I go “Oh yeah, oh OK. Great!” Beans or eggplants or whatever and he’d say “Oh, Okay!” and he’d go ahead and cook something and we’d go “Wow this is really good; I mean he could just whip it up like that.”
And there were times when I knew that he was lonely because he would Drink a little bit too much. It was kind of like, that's our lolo and then he would start crying like all the sudden. He's like sitting there and he would be drinking and then he starts crying. My mom would sit there and say, oh “don't do that in front of the children”. You know, “don’t be drinking in front of them” and we’d like going. “Oh well, that's our lolo”. You know, and he would get like you know, even sadder because my mom is yelling at him. But I realized at that time because he must have been lonely because he left [Transcriber’s Note: The Philippines] years ago. This [happened] in the 50s— 60s he left like in the 20s. He left his wife, he left his daughter and he had never went back to the Philippines. He stayed all those years. So anyway, that's happy and sad. That's one story.
[31:28]
NERO: Kind of switch gears a little bit. How was your relationship between Filipinos born in America and Filipinos born in the Philippines?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: When I was born in the 50s, you know that mix wasn't great. It came much later when I was in my teens where we had more Filipinos started to come in and coming into town and working and living in the camps. So the story is this. This is how we had the Filipinos from the Philippines who are living in the camps or maybe some who were living in town with relatives and then there was us: The Filipino Americans who would sit there and try to try to emulate them, or they try to emulate us. And there was some tension and I'm not really sure about all this. My brother saw more so because it was a guy kind of thing but they used to play basketball with each other and they would have like fights. From what I understand but I wasn't really quite sure about it exactly.
So there was that kind of tension going on. It's about somewhere in 1975 and my brother and a bunch of his friends of the local guys decided to have a Filipino Basketball tournament in Delano and it would be Filipino Americans and the Filipinos from the camps or around town. They would like have basketball games with each other and my brother would always say “You know it was like really difficult because they would play basketball like they were in the Philippines. They were like really rough. They would like hit each other, hit us and you know play really rough” and so they had to change it and they mixed it up. They would get the camp guys with the Filipino American guys and they created teams and so they created that Basketball tournament, which led to what is now the Delano Philippine Weekend that happens every summer in July, which started with the basketball tournament. And that basketball tournament created the Fiesta [Transcriber’s note: the Philippine Weekend Barrio Fiesta] and now they have a [Beauty] Queen show, they have a Mrs. Queen show, they got tiny tots on competition. And what else did they do...they still have the basketball tournament.
I mean to this day they still have It. It would have been the 45th anniversary this year except for COVID [Transcriber’s note: COVID—19 Pandemic], that it didn’t happen. And so what happens is that the basketball tournament was so popular that people from all over they were people from San Jose, California, from Stockton, from Sacramento, from Fresno, from Los Angeles, San Diego. Their Filipino teams would come up or come to Delano for this this tournament. OK, so I have this one story. My mom was in a nursing home in the 90s and you know the nurse who was taking care of my mom was Filipino and she was asking us, "what we were going to be doing for the weekend” and while she was asking how she mentioned that she was going go out and go out of town to this to this event—this Filipino event that happens every year and she was like "my son goes to it, he plays basketball in this tournament” and we're like “Oh well where is this?” I thought maybe Stockton or something., and she goes “Oh, it's probably some place you never heard of,” “Oh well, tell us” and she goes “It's Delano, California. My husband and I really like “Delano!? Oh my God, I grew up down there” and she goes “no way! My son goes and he plays in this Filipino basketball team and this is here in San Francisco, and we go there every summer” and I go “Yeah, my brother helped put this [Basketball tournament] together, I go down there and whenever I'm visiting and help with scorekeeping or whatever.” So anyway, it's a small little town, a big event. it's like wow, I was quite pleasantly surprised at how popular this event is.
NERO: But it also goes to show how truly network the Filipino community is?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Yes! Oh my God. I mean I would go down every year to watch the basketball game because that was what really put this thing together. And I would see all these teams from all various parts of California. I think there was a Vegas basketball team that frequent them. And I was like—I mean, the guys in Delano, they got the word out, and there they were and I was always looking forward to [saying] “wow what Filipino basketball team is from where?” You know, it was really cool just seeing this.
NERO: So you talked about the Fiesta, you talked about the basketball tournaments every year? Does this happen in the community hall or...?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Oh gosh. OK, so it happened everywhere in town.
NERO: Oh, OK.
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Because Delano, it's maybe now 50,000 people. But you know, it grew slowly over time. But yeah, we had a Filipino hall [where] they would do it at the time. The Queen show or whatever in the early days, the basketball tournament occurred in the high school. The school district was very accommodating to the Filipino community. I think it was around that time that we had our first Filipino Mayor in Delano, so that helped quite a lot and we did have I believe a couple of teachers who were also Filipinos and come. But see we had it at a park eventually on various high schools for the tournaments and The Queen Show and all that, it just grew so much. It grew so big. That they had to do it in like in larger venues like the High school auditorium, the Filipino Community Center. Yeah, I mean it could maybe hold 100 people, but it's pretty tight. It's pretty small, in a small stage. So eventually that moved out.
But yeah, we had tournaments at the high schools, the Fiesta still was at a major public park. They had a parade down Main Street and they had all the queen shows at the High school auditorium.
TUTHILL-DELUTE: So it was pretty popular and the only Filipino—owned business was the Filipino Community Hall. They would occasionally have a few things there, but it actually just eventually outgrew it.
NERO: OK, so we're going to switch gears a little bit and talk about the Grape Strike. So you mentioned that you're born in the 50s and then throughout like the 60s—70s, that's when the growth has happened. Do you remember about the Strike? Like, can you talk about the atmosphere any significant events that? You know, like you witnessed?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: OK, so I lived through it that I didn't participate because it was in a sense...
[40:29]
NERO: OK.
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Kind of an intense situation. I just remembered my parents, who would argue at home and I just remember them arguing about going to work because you wanted to honor the strike for the benefit that they were achieving. But at the same time my mom would sit there and say, “well we can't stop working because we have children.” I think [it was]1965—I don't know. My sister was maybe six or something, she was the youngest between me being 12 and she being six. You know, young children. So my parents were hard pressed to say “well we have to honor the strike.” So what I recall we would go to school and in the summers we would work in the fields with our parents, and the strike was a long strike, it was like for five years from ‘65 to 1970. So every summer we would work in the field and what I always remembered was we would go to work and then suddenly we were told get out of the field, put all the stuff that we were working with, [and] just put it under the vines, walk away, get into the car and leave. And then we find out later that my dad and the crew boss who knew that strikers were coming over and they were going to come over in and badger us, to say “get out of the field” and so my parents, all the families that were picking grapes would want to protect their families and themselves to get out of the field, get int the car and leave and so that nobody would get hurt because they were some violence that occurred. So it was kind of one of those.
This is what the strike was all about and there were times when my dad couldn't go to work because they were striking in a certain areas that they were supposed to be picking, and then that would be the time when my parents would say “the kids won't go to work with them, they would go by themselves.” So what may have happened, they would not tell us, but that was that. That was what I had experienced and there were a lot of news about Delano on TV and on newspapers, so one of those things where you would see it in the news, in in your own town and you would go to the grocery store and they were strikers there and they would say, “don't buy grapes” and sometimes they would hassle you, and bully you. And a lot of people from what I remember really didn't appreciate it and I think a lot of people didn't like the strike because of the way that they were being bullied. As they're going into to do their shopping because we only had, I think at that time just a few grocery stores. Safeway was our major grocery store, and we had a couple of smaller grocery stores. And the strikers would always go to come to Safeway, and that's where they did all the heavy picketing. I mean, so that was my experience with the Delano Grape Strike. I'm trying to think my parents were arguing. Yeah, all the news. I mean, it was like “Geez, all this news on about Delano?”
TUTHILL-DELUTE: I do know that my mom had a cousin and he would stay [with us]. So what happened was that we used to live in a very small house on our current property and as the family got bigger, my parents decided to build a bigger house. You know, four bedrooms—three baths versus a two bedroom—one bath. Anyway, but they still had that house and they rented it to my mom's cousin and he actually was working for [Larry] Itliong during the strike and what I always remembered about him was that he was always one of the strikers. He was always out there carrying a sign and yelling at people and I always figured he was one of those violent kind of guys, I mean, even though he was my mom's cousin and so he used to live right next door with us and we would see him around town and at the grocery stores and yelling at people. And so I always figured you know he was a diehard striker and I always figured, “oh he’s probably a henchman for the United Farm Workers and my mom would get really mad at him because whatever he does, that's what he does. But he used to come over and bring all these—= my parents [would say] “Who are all these people that are that are staying at the house” and they were all part of the strike. But they were Caucasian, and we would call them at the time “the hippies” because they were young Caucasian, you know long flowing clothes and hair, they were loose, all that kind of smoking and drinking, and they were hanging out and we’re like “wow what's going on over here?” And my Mom yelled at him and said “Hey whatever you do, just don't bring any of your work over here.” I mean, I can hear him arguing in Visayan [Transcriber’s Note: Filipino Language spoken primarily in the Visayan Islands] he would yell back at my mom, [I’m] like “Geez, nobody yells at my mom” and he would yell back at her and saying like “you should honor the strike” or something like that. I vaguely remember that.
But other than that, that's what I remembered. And then, of course, the Forty Acres being developed.
[47:30]
NERO: What do you mean by the Forty Acres being developed?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Oh, Forty Acres. It's a location now in Delano. It's kind of about a couple of miles outside of the main part of Delano, and it's where Cesar Chavez—he did his fasting over there and then when the strike—when it was successful—they opened a clinic, and that's where a lot of the people, and even myself would go over and have affordable health care. Doctors—I'm not really sure how the doctors came—but the doctors were there. I don't know if they volunteered or if it was something, maybe they got some benefits or something, but they would be out there with some of the nurses and they would take a lot of patients. And then the hiring hall was created, and anyways that's where the office was located for the United Farm Workers. And eventually the Agbayani Village was built there, which was the housing for all the Manongs that were displaced after the strike was finished, because a lot of them, got kicked out of the camps because the Camps were deemed as illegal. So they moved all the Manongs out. A lot of them had to censor themselves and so that's when Larry Itliong, [Philip] Vera Cruz, Pete Velasco put together the housing units for the Manongs that were displaced.
NERO: So that's actually one of my questions about the Agbayani Village. I want to go back to a little bit of what you said about your mom and your cousin, so there's a lot of that contention between Filipinos about the strike. Why do you think that is like? Why do you think that tension exists?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: I mean this is my own personal experience just because my mom. OK, so that I was treated with like “we don't want Nikki to see all this stuff” and my mom was always like “we got to show this, like this perfect or a perfect family, we have no problems” [laughs], and it's like, “OK, well that's being a hypocrite.” So and then there's my mom cousin who was part of the strike and he believed one thing and she believed in this perfectness, and they would clash. That's how I kind of saw that as kind of an attitude perception of how their lives would be. I mean, I grew up thinking that my mom really never wanted to address the negative part of life and yet, at the same time she was like really being overprotective. Because I mean every time I went anywhere she was like following right behind me like I would go to a dance and then lo and behold, here she is! You know, in the darkness making sure you know “OK is she behaving herself,” that kind of thing. But there's always that tension, I believe and it might be, just something that's part of our culture. I mean, I can never understand it. And yet to this day I do still see it in in other families and sometimes I catch myself, pretending like everything’s fine, you know nothing to worry about. And I think being honest and showing how you truly feel about things, I think it's more honest which we were not always until they expressed that way. One of the things I do want to bring up was my mom— [about] our half sister— because this is that that part of her life where you think that maybe she would tell us, but she never did. She never told us. I mean, when she had her stroke she lost her ability to write and speak then when we finally said “hey mom, we know” she just kind of looked at us and you know, like, “oh OK”. It's like she couldn't really say anything and it was just one of those things where you sit there and you go “Mom, all you had to do was tell us we would have been OK” and she kind of like nodded and said “mmm hhh”. Like it would have been just nice to know what you went through. And I was telling a cousin of the events and her takeaway was, “well, If your mom had shame so she didn't want to talk about it.” I go “this is our half—sister”, and we celebrated when my brother had his daughter and we said, “Mom, your first grandchild.” In reality, she already had four grandchildren we didn't know about! [laughs]. You know what I mean? It was like that. All of a sudden, life became immeasurable because of the…well, I don't know, the lies, or the secrets that people have. Anyway so, it's great to know that she had grandchildren much sooner than we realize because my half-sister is 20 years older than I am. It's like wow.
NERO: I want to ask about the Agbayani Retirement Village. Do you know anyone who volunteered to help construct it?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Oh gosh, no. You know what. Wait, yes, I do Max Bacerra and some locals[s]— Lorraine Agtang. I do know that they were there. Let me turn my Bluetooth headset off so I can go… [Transcriber’s Note: Tuthill-Delute switching audio capturing device].
Can you hear me still?
NERO: Yes I can.
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Hang on, you could turn up my volume, OK. I did know some people, local people who did help build it. I mean, even though we had a lot of volunteers from what I understand, I think there were a lot of college students, who came there.
NERO: Do you have any experiences during the construction, I guess? Like can you talk about the construction in itself from your perspective?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: I was already living here at San Francisco and I would only experience it whenever I visit in town. That and that was it.
NERO: OK, that's actually a good segue for like the last section of this interview. Let's talk about your post-high school years. What did you do after graduating high school?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: After I went to high school and graduated I went to college and I worked. And I would visit home every other month while my parents were still alive, and that, how would I say, the caged bird needed to spread her wings.
NERO: Where did you go to college and what did you study?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Oh OK, so I went to a couple of colleges; Community College from Bakersfield and I did Cal State University, also in Bakersfield, which just opened at that time. And then, really, for as long as I can remember I wanted to get into design and art and wanted to go to New York. I wanted to be a designer and it's like my parents would always sit there and say “Sure. Yeah, how are you going to get there? Who's going to pay your way?” I go “Oh. Aren't you going help?” My parents would sit there and say “We can't afford you going to New York.”
So anyway, so I was going to college and I thought, well, I'm going to fill out an application to transfer to a bigger university, and I applied to San Francisco State and I got accepted. I was like, “Oh OK, it was like wow, great, I can't believe it. I'm going to San Francisco.” My parents were so…Anyway, so I said “hey mom, dad, I just got accepted San Francisco State. I'm going to go to college there.” I just like flat out said “I'm going to college there.” My dad was like “Oh. Well, why did you do that?” “Why did I do that?” “Well, you could go to college here in Bakersfield.” Like “Oh no, I'm going to San Francisco. It’s simple as that.”
I know that my parents weren't very happy about it, but you know, I was the first woman [in the family] going to college. Subsequently, of course, my brother went to San Diego State and did much better than I did [laughs]. I went to San Francisco State for a couple of years and then I dropped out in the 70s but eventually went back in the 90s and got my Bachelor’s. My interest had always been in art.
That was when I had great time expressing myself and was doing a lot of artwork doing mostly ceramics and sculpture. And then of course I graduated and then I hear my mom's words: “Well, what are you going to do with it?” I know, it's like “OK, now what am I going to do? Where do I begin?” So I started working in a couple of places. I remember working for the classified department in the San Francisco Chronicle and I was trying to get into their art department, but it was kind of an old boys school. You know, printing departments in newspapers, and so I just — hard as I tried, I couldn't get in there, so I eventually left, finally got a job working in an ad agency and that was about as close as I ever got to working with creative people and I've been working in that field. Well, pretty much now, but not in the art field. I was more of a project manager, so I got to work with print managers, art directors, writers, and then of course the account people. So I got to see a lot of radio commercials being produced, even produced a couple of myself. I oversaw a couple of commercials being produced and newspapers and newspaper ads. Those are the days and now of course everything is all Internet —but they still do commercials.
NERO: So is that the career that you stayed at for your adult life?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Pretty much. Pretty much until I can't work any longer and that's the druthers. Now as you get older, I'm now in my 60s. I'm having a hard time finding work and now with COVID, forget about it. I'm weary to go back to work and getting infected.
NERO: Were there any other Filipinos in your field of work?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: There were a few. There were a few. Not a lot, but most of them were more in administrative and you know, like clerical. But not a whole lot. I did grow up with a couple of guys, [Asian] Americans who went to San Francisco State also majored in art. And they were art directors. They were very successful last batch. But they were. You know, one of the few.
[01:01:19]
TUTHILL-DELUTE: I mean, most of them were Chinese Americans, Japanese Americans. I mean, now I, believe there are a lot more Filipino American artists in the industry kind of world. When I was looking for work in the from the 70s to the to the 2000.
NERO: So you mentioned that Delano's population grew. What about the Filipino population and how did it change During your adult years?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: In Delano. OK, well it has changed quite a lot. What has happened is, is that a lot of the Filipino families have migrated to the City of San Francisco — I mean the City of Delano. Sorry and, some are teachers or doctors — professional jobs. And they stayed on and they brought other friends and families to the point where there are more in the blue collar—white collar jobs and or white collar jobs and the labor. Yeah I would go down and say “hey you know I used to use a picked grapes” and they look at me and they say “You picked grapes?” I go “Yes! There are Filipinos that used to pick grapes” and because only the Mexicans now pretty much pick grapes and most of the Filipinos have migrated over to the packing shed because they have better benefits there, working conditions [are] much better than working in the field. So that's where a lot of the Filipinos ended up.
And anyway. So what happened also to and because of the population has increased, more Filipinos, and also more Mexicans. The town has changed. Main Street used to be of course, owned by — well, I mean you don't know that — but it used to be owned by a lot of Caucasians. But I mean they were also immigrants because they came from Slavonic countries and some came from Italy and in other places, and they own the businesses, they ran Main Street Delano. Now you go to Delano and Main Street Delano is owned by all minorities — Mexican Americans, Filipino Americans and your Caucasian business owners, is very few there. And we would kid around and say “What happened? Do these like kick out all the White People in Delano?” They always wondered about that. It’s they're still around because I know that the family names are there. They always wondered about that. You know, it's just they're still around because I know that the family names some have stayed on because they still have like their vineyards, their growers. They're still there, and some have married, you know, inter marriage, they married either another Filipino — a Caucasian married Filipino or Mexican — and so they stayed and had families over the years. So, the town has changed quite a lot. I mean, we have a lot of Mexican restaurants, hardly ever when I was growing up. Same thing with Filipino food. I mean the only Filipino food you can find was at somebody’s home. Now, there are a few restaurants where you can get Filipino food and it was rare to find anybody who would sell Lechon [Transcriber’s Note: Whole Roasted Pig, Filipino Style]. Now — I mean, my parents would wait until there was a special occasion and buy a hog and then we would have a barbecue at our property. But now it's more common. It's I mean — thank God, but our history needs to change. We need to talk more about our Filipino American history.
NERO: So speaking of, let's talk about FANHS [Transcriber’s Note: Filipino American National Historical Society]. So how did you get involved with FANHS?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: OK, that's an easy one. My brother who is in San Diego was involved with FANHS because his wife was a president of FANHS and he was mentioning, “oh, you know, we're having a conference in San Diego” and I always love going to their [conferences] because my brother is a teacher — was a teacher — [and] a school administrator and I would love to go to a lot of his teacher conference, because I get to meet all these educators and I see all these vendors, and all the books and art stuff. And I thought “Oh OK, FANHS yeah. OK, Filipino American history organization. Sure, you know this looks really great.” I wanted to volunteer and help out. I went to the first FANHS Conference in San Diego in 2014 and saw how it was run. My poor brother was running ragged because he was helping putting it together. So I would help with the managing people, moving them here and there and I would be a moderator at a panel and I thought. “Hey, this is really great.” My brother would say, “Hey you know, if you want to go to a panel or workshop or something, by all means, go ahead and join in.” And like in a panel and a FANHS Chapter in the Central Coast was talking about people that she was interviewing and I sat there and I thought, “Oh my God, those are my cousins,” because they owned a Filipino market in Pismo Beach. And I thought “My God, I know those people were my relatives!” And then somebody was doing some research in New Orleans. And they were like looking for Filipinos that were in the New Orleans area way back in early 1900s and I went “Oh my God. Let's see if she has my uncle there because my uncle was in New Orleans in 1930.” And lo and behold, she found his name! And there it was on the presentation. I was like “Wow, these people are pretty cool!”
We became members and that's where I learned more about like Manongs, the Bridge Generation, the Filipino history in America and I thought “Well, this is great” so that became into the Delano chapter. My brother calls me up one day and he says “hey, you know what? We got to do a Delano — FANHS Delano chapter. I want you to help put it together, and we're going to put up an event and it's going to be on the anniversary of the Delano Grape Strike. It'll be 50 years.” and I went “Sure, sure I'll do it. I'll help. I'll put this chapter. I'll help put the chapter together and I'll help put this event together” and so that became the Delano Grape Strike: The Bold Step [Transcriber’s Note: Event title for the FANHS Delano chapter’s event] and that was in 2015 and I helped along with the officers, helped put this event together. We became a chapter like in June I believe, through July, August, September. The event was in September. We had three months to put it together.”
NERO: Oh wow, three months for the 50th Anniversary?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Yes, For the 50th. And you know. People in the officers and some of the volunteers would…You know, because I've done these kind of events because I was working with Oracle at the time and one of the things that Oracle has— It's a it's a software company here in Silicon Valley—and they do this big event every year in San Francisco. You know, they close the street down. They take over the Convention Center. They take over this and that. Anyway, so I kind of knew a little bit of planning, an event, a big event, but so, what I was trying to say is that 50 years and I knew that this was going to be a big event, and I kept stressing to them “Well, it's got to be more than just one night. It's going to have to be a weekend thing” Especially because then Dawn Mabalon and Robyn Rodriguez came into the fold to help us put it together. They helped get guest speakers and suggested topics for our workshops with panel panelists. And I thought, “wow, this is just like a FANHS conference, but you know, it's a Delano chapter event.” So it became a three day event Friday, Saturday and Sunday. And we there are a lot of people who attended and I think a lot of people in Delano and were like “Oh, I had no idea that this could possibly happen” and but what's really interesting is that the people who planned it realized the scope of the history in Delano, but the people in Delano still don't really know it, interestingly enough. They don't go to a lot of the functions that occur there. So that's my contribution to FANHS. And then of course because I'm still here in San Francisco, I decided to join the San Francisco FANHS chapter [laughs].
[01:11:22]
TUTHILL-DELUTE: So then they kicked it off this year in right before the pandemic and we have a lot of members, a lot of students. And the President or the person who's kicking off is a Filipino American college professor at the City College Community over here. So she's — she happens to be a student many years ago in San Diego and she knew my brother because he was a school administrator and at the time his wife — She passed away of cancer— but she used to be a student of hers. I mean, of my brother's wife at the time because she knew my brother and his first wife. So, she's got knowledge and information, which is really great.
NERO: So we're now just winding down to the last part of the interview. Talking about the Bold Step Event. Why do you think that event was important?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Oh my gosh, why is it important?! It's because of the Filipinos that were involved in it that people don't know anything about. You know they thought Cesar Chavez was the Delano Grape Strike, I mean. Even the people who grew up with it, we all know Cesar Chavez but nobody made a point to say “hey, no, let's get this straight,” so that's my big takeaway is that when I realize that you know this is history that needs to be told correctly. Then our event became the big kick off. I mean, I understand that there are other stories about it, but this was the big kickoff to get the story right because you know we made— we had a couple of people from the from Cesar Chavez Foundation who came and actually said “Yes, Larry Itliong started it.” If it wasn't for him, the Grape Strike occurred because he was the guy who came into town and said “hey, we need to make this change, we need to get more money for our workers and the only way we can do it is to strike.” I mean it's like “Oh my God, let's get this right, let's get it straight.”
NERO: And then, second to last question, do you feel that Filipino American history is getting enough recognition?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Enough? No. it needs more, it needs more and I can only say that because in the town of Delano where the Grape Strike occurred, not everybody still knows it and so we need to— I understand that we've now got the curriculum for Filipino farmer history into K-12— but I haven't seen it implemented. Yeah, but it's more and more events. And I now that I'm part of FANHS and I am in the Delano chapter, I try to bring awareness through FANHS with events, and we have a tour that we do every year — er, not every year. That if people request it, they can do a tour of the Delano Grape Strike locations where the Grape Strike occurred. Out in the field the Filipino Community Hall where they held their meetings, where Cesar Chavez took the agreement at the Guadalupe Church, which still exists, and where Larry Itliong is buried, he is buried in Delano. And of course the development of the Forty Acres where Cesar Chavez had his fasting, where the clinic was developed where the hiring hall was, and where Agbayani Village was created. Then of course the other history, which is the Delano Chinatown which is now like bulldozered over. But that's where all our Manongs used to go. You know, go shopping, go gambling, go drinking, go eating. Extracurricular activities and but that in itself is history. And so anyway.
NERO: And then here's the last question for the interview. What advice do you have for young Filipinos like me and many others?
TUTHILL-DELUTE: Come to Delano.
NERO: I'm tempted when you said there’s Lechon everywhere, I'm so tempted.
TUTHILL-DELUTE: [Laughs] Yeah, they're— Oh my God. Well, there is one main person that really makes it and you got to go to Delano. And when I mean Delano is a really—I mean in in a whole lot of ways, It's still a small town and it's in the middle of really nowhere, and the freeway runs right through it. But the thing is, is that Filipino history is in all our lives. I mean, it's in Delano, Stockton, Sacramento, Coachella Valley down over by Morro Bay. Down over by. Where the Manila Men in New Orleans are. The kids, the youth, I think are better off than when I was a youth of our Filipino history, but we need more of it, so that everybody is aware of who the Filipino Americans are, how we came here and that our history is part of American history.
NERO: And what a great way to come to close the interview. Thank you for thank you for your time. So this concludes the interview with Nickie Tuthill-Delute, and this is Daniel Nero signing off for the Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies. I'm now going to stop the recording.
TUTHILL-DELUTE: OK.
[01:18:06]
COPYRIGHT NOT EVALUATED NON-COMMERCIAL USE PERMITTED
For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu.
NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT – EDUCATIONAL / NON-COMMERCIAL USE PERMITTED
For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu.
TALIBA
(News Flash/ Commentary )
A Publication of the COALITION AGAINST THE MARCOS DICTATORSHIP
(formerly the Anti-Martial Law Coalition-Philippines, AMLC)
Volume VI, Number 1
January, 1982
FREE
US-RP Extradition Treaty
CIVIL LIBERTIES OF U.S. FILIPINOS IN DANGER
LET'S
EXTRADITE THOSE
MS. - BASED REBELS
AND LET THEM
VOICE THEIR
COMPLAINTS IN
MY FACE .
Filipinos in the United States are faced with an imme-
the power to determine whether an act is political or
diate danger. The Marcos government and the Reagan
not. As everyone knows, Marcos can have a heyday with this
administration are preparing the ground for an extradition
provision alone!
process which will enable the dictatorship to retaliate
Even if ratified, the treaty can not be immediately
against its critics here. Extradition is a process by which a
implemented because some of its provisions contradict the
person in another country is arrested and sent to the
present U.S. Extradition law. However, Marcos' friends are
requesting country to face trial. Once in operation, this
coming to the rescue. The State Department is working with
extradition process could inhibit the free expression of
Congress conservatives such as Sen. Strom Thurmond to
political beliefs in the Filipino community here. It could
change this law so that it can accomodate the US-RP
mean the legalized extension of martial rule to the communi-
treaty and others like it. There are now bills (HR 5227; SB
ty in the U.S.
1639) prepared by the State Department and its allies
pending in Congress which if passed will transfer the power
REPRESSION BY EXTRADITION
to determine whether a crime is political or not, from the
The US-RP Extradition Treaty now awaiting ratification in
courts to the Secretary of State. In addition, if the bills
the Senate will make it possible for Marcos to ask for the
become law. a person accused of an extraditable crime can
extradition of Filipino and U.S. citizens deemed to have
be immediately jailed for up to 60 days-at the mere
committed acts that are considered crimes by both the
request of a foreign government!
Philippines and the U.S. These include crimes which are not
listed in the treaty and which the two governments may even
FM ITCHING FOR EXTRADITION
have different names for. Also. a person who may not even
Yet Marcos has not even waited for the treaty to be
have set foot in the Philippines could be extradited if
ratified to begin extradition proceedings against U.S. based
charged with conspiracy, for example. In extradition procee-
opponents. On Jan. 5, Marcos issued arrest warrants for 40
dings, hearsay is accepted evidence. The US-RP treaty
persons many of whom are living in the U.S. (Bulletin
supposedly excludes political crimes from extradition.
Today, 1/6/82). The list includes Benigno Aquino, MFP's
But it allows the Executive Branches of both countries
Raul Manglapus. Steve Psinakis and CAMD's Rene Cruz.
The wanted persons are accused of terrorist bombings
FILIPINO COMMUNITY MUST RESIST
and/or being members of "subversive groups". Manila
The impact of the extradition treaty on the Filipino
announced that the extradition of the U.S. residents will
community is clear. It is not enough that the Consulates are
begin as soon as the treaty is ratified, and of course, as soon
already functioning as spy networks in the community-the
as the U.S. extradition law is changed. Clearly, with the
treaty calls on U.S. state agencies to descend on politically
treaty Marcos is not so much interested in going after
active Filipinos at the request of the Marcos regime. Just the
businessman who are running away from debts, but after his
thought of being investigated by the FBI for possible
political opponents.
extradition is already traumatic for most people. The treaty
How did Marcos determine who should be extradited?
will strengthen Marcos' capacity to intimidate the commu-
With the direct assistance of Sec. Haig who helped arrange
nity into silence. Already politically timid, the community
the current Grand Jury and FBI investigations of the
will be further discouraged from exercising their democratic
Psinakises in connection with the Manila bombings. He had
rights here. The negative effect of this will be felt not only in
other equally appaling assistance as well. To prove that
Phil.-related political activities but even in the struggle
others who may not be linked to the bombings are "subver-
against discrimination.
sives" nonetheless, Marcos used the testimony of LA
The CAMD is not going to stand by and let the Reagan-
Consul Armando Fernandez. The consul admitted in a
Marcos assault bulldoze the community's democratic rights
Manila court that part of his job is to spy on community
without a fight. It has launched the National Committee in
activities here. The subversive group he says, includes the
Opposition to the US-RP Extradition Treaty which
KDP, AMLC (now CAMD), and the MFP. He reported that
includes many Filipino community leaders as well as well-
their "subversive activities" include demonstrations, the
respected scholars and personalities such as Richard Falk,
distribution of literature critical of the regime, fundraising
Professor of International Law at Princeton, Nobel laureate
for anti-Marcos groups back home and "festivals called
George Wald and actor Edward Asner, president of the
Philippine National Day." The grim message then is, even
Screen Actors Guild. The Committee is asking everyone to
for constitutionally protected activities that Fernandez
write letters to the Senate opposing the extradition treaty
reported, one can be the target of extradition.
and the proposed changes in the extradition law (see
addresses below). Even if the treaty pushes through, the
IT'S PART OF U.S. FOREIGN POLICY
CAMD will fight every attempt by Reagan and Marcos to
Why is the Reagan administration cooperating in the
use it for political ends.
importation of martial rule to the U.S. Filipino community?
The CAMD is calling on all Filipinos to defend their
It fits in very nicely with his own foreign policy. When he
democratic rights by exercising them. Consulate spies must
declared war on "international terrorism" he did not mean
be exposed, isolated and ostracized. All attempts by US
war with Marcos, Chile's Pinochet, S. Korea's Chun, Haiti's
agencies to harass people for their political beliefs must be
Duvalier or El Salvador's Duarte who are all protecting U.S.
made public. The extradition treaty must be defeated. The
interests in their respective countries. Reagan meant war
CAMD has always said that U.S. Filipinos are very much a
on their opponents, whose resistance to dictatorial rule is
part of the fight for freedom in the homeland. The Marcos-
now being painted with the broad brush of "terrorism".
Reagan attempt to muzzle the community is driving home
Resistance to America's dictator friends, under Reagan's
this very point. The Filipino community must show that it
foreign policy, is now being called a crime-not a political
has no intention of abandoning the people back home. It
act. No wonder Sec. of State Alexander Haig supported the
must staunchly oppose the US-RP Extradition Treaty and
proposed changes in the extradition law by telling Congress
Reagan's unjust foreign policy.
that these changes are crucial if the U.S. is to be able to
honor its "international obligations."
Filipinos are not the only victims of this foreign policy.
Already, Salvadoran and Haitian refugees are being deported
DOWN with the MARCOS DICTATORSHIP:
back to certain persecution and even death. The recently
STOP U.S. AID!
imprisoned U.S.-based anti-Duvalier rebels will be facing
STOP REAGAN'S SUPPORT FOR MARCOS!
extradition. Meanwhile, the "friendly" anti-Castro terrorists who
are openly training in Florida are left untouched. Reagan is
also reviewing other extradition treaties "to modernize"
them, which means the democratic rights of many more
communities are going to be undermined.
Oppose House Bill 5227
Oppose the Ratification of the US-RP Extradition
Write to:
Treaty
House Judiciary Committee
Write to:
Sub-Committee on Crime
Senate Foreign Relations Committee
c/o Cong. William Hughes
c/o Sen. Charles Percy
U.S. Congress
U.S. Congress
Washington.D.C. 20501
Washington. D.C. 20501
IPASA PAGKABASA
PASS ON TO A FRIEND
COALITION AGAINST THE
Contact your Local CAMD:
MARCOS DICTATORSHIP (CAMD)
(formerly AMLA)
COALITION AGAINST THE
Geline Avila
MARCOS DICTATORSHIP
Walden Bello
SACRAMENTO CHAPTER
National Co-coordinators
P. O. Box 173
2108 57 TH AVENUE
Oakland, CA 94668
SACRAMENTO, CA 95822
(916) 428- 7856
TALIBA
(News Flash/Commentary )
JANUARY 1984 A Publication of the COALITION AGAINST THE MARCOS DICTATORSHIP
(formerly the Anti-Martial Law Coalition-Philippines, AMLC)
454-5263
PLEBI - CHEAT
PLEBWISIT
JANUARY 27 PLEBISCITE: FIRST STEP
thereby increasing the number of
IN A GRAND U. S. -MARCOS MANEUVER. ..
seats available (to entice larger
rural participation in the plebis-
The Filipino people need another
cite ; the exercise is also supposed
to increase the size of public
plebiscite like a hole in the head, but
lands available for "land reform").
for the Reagan administration, the Janu-
Clearly the centerpiece of
ary27 plebiscite marks the first step in
the "normalization plan" is the
the U. S. maneuver to maintain its grip on
IBP. It is the key mechanism for
the Philippines now that the political
a smooth and credible succession
strength of its faithful ally-Marcos- is
from now until 1987.
Its Speaker
rapidly deteriorating.
is to preside over the transition
The dictator has not been able to
from a discredited U. S. ally to a
wash his hands of Aquino's blood. The pop-
new set of U.S. allies. The IBP
ular clamor for his resignation is piercing
must, therefore, be deodorized and
his ears. On top of this, the bottom has
cleansed of its image as a Marcos
fallen out of the economy. Marcos is trap-
rubberstamp .
ped. His political isolation has become
With "clean elections" on May
irreversible.
14th, meaning an increase in the
Seeing that their ally has become a
number of opposition seats from the
liability, Marcos' U.S. sponsors are not
measly 12 that exist now, the U.S.
wasting any time embarking on a "normal-
hopes to rid the IBP from the Marco
ization plan" to ease the situation as well
regime's pervasive stink.
With a
as to assure the continuity of their domin-
new and "clean" image for the IBP
ant influence on Philippine affairs.
With
Marcos ill and lacking any credibility,
the US hopes to keep the restive
they must secure a suitable guardian of U. S.
Filipino public at bay. It could
interests in the country. How can the mass
give Marcos a few more years in
protests be neutralized? Who will protect
power or the opportunity for Marcos
the U. S. bases? These are the concerns pre-
to gracefully "retire" should the
occupying the U. S. White House with regard
heated protests persist.
to the Philippine situation.
MARCOS GRANTS HOLLOW
CONCESSIONS - - BEGRUDGINGLY
"DEODORIZED" IBP AS A MECHANISM
At first, Marcos balked at these
FOR TRANSITION
"political reforms" suggested by
Washington, intent as he was on des-
In their view, the scheduled May elec-
ignating Imelda as his successor an
tions to the Interim National Assembly (IBP)
on monopolizing political power at
may be the answer. The May election could
all costs . But through "silent di-
give the appearance of the restoration of
plomacy", Washington put on the pres
democratic processes and at the same time,
sure , even sending Reagan's hatchet
put into place a key mechanism for an order
men, John Monjo , General Vernon
ly succession from Marcos to a new set of
Walters, and ominously, former CIA
U. S. -backed beaurocrats.
Washington hopes
coup expert Col. Edward Lansdale
that the process would pacify a population
to Malacanang.
clamoring for an end to Marcos' one man
US Ambassador, Michael Arma-
rule .
cost, has been busy giving warning
The January 27th plebiscite is meant
signals to Marcos to toe the US
to give a "legal blessing" to the ground-
line. As well, Armacost has been
works necessary for a credible election in
busy meeting opposition leaders in
May. It is supposed to amend Marcos' con-
his Forbes Park backyard, trying
stitution abolishing the Executive Commit-
convince them to cooperate with
tee for succession and re- instituting in-
the US normalization scenario.
stead, the Vice-Presidency in 1987. Mean-
Without too many options left,
while, should Marcos die or become incapac-
Marcos has decided to go along-
itated before 1987, the IBP Speaker is sup-
he cannot risk increasing the dis
posed to take over, convene a caretaker
pleasure of his US godfather d
government, and call for elections in 60
these times . Begrudgingly, he
days. The plebiscite is also supposed to
offerthe above mentioned co.
call for representation to the IBP from its
sions to the legal oppositi
regional character to a provincial one,
betraying the hollowness of t.
concessions, he quickly announced his
intentions to secure sweeping electoral
refuse to man the polls or again be
victories for his KBL party. He has
coerced into becoming the regime's in-
even gone so far as to predict that only
strumentsfor defrauding the people.
20-30 IBP seats will to to the opposition.
MODERATE OPPOSITION VACILLATES AGAIN
Despite the strong wave of sentiments
FILIPINOS TIRED OF
for a boycott, some of the traditional
ELECTORAL "PALABAS"
opposition are still wafflict have
But concession or no concession,
ill-concieved hopes for the coming
the Filipino people cannot be pursuaded
election.
that his next visit to the polls will be
Salvador Laurel's United Nationalist
any different from the last ones.
Democratic Organization (UNIDO) is giv-
They know they don't need any
ing "democracy one last try". As if
Pleb-bwisit to amend the 1973 constitu-
there is any real democracy in being
tion cooked up by Marcos, and that what
part of a rubberstamp body . Laurel has
they need is to junk that charter alto-
warned that a boycott will bring the
gether.
country "a step closer to violent con-
Neither are they fooled with elec-
frontation", as if the regime is not
tions held under the tight reins of the
violent enough and as if another elec-
repressive U. S. -Marcos alliance. They .
tion will minimize the violence that
know that this coming electoral farce
has already bloodied the doorstep of
is only meant to paint a new layer of
the legal opposition.
cosmetics on the hated face of the regime.
The Nationalista Party, the Liberal
As for the IBP, there is the joke
Party, and PDP, LABAN have thrown their
that it does not say yes to Marcos all
hats in the ring, despite the fact that
the time; it also says no - when Marcos
some of their own prominent peers, like
says no. No amount of laundering will
Senator Jovito Salonga and former Pres-
wash away IBP's rubberstamp image , for
ident Diosdado Macapagal, have tagged
the very existence of this body depends
this election as another attempt to
largely on Marcos' own arbitrary powers.
legitimize the regime.
BOYCOTT SPOILS US-MARCOS MANEUVER
OUR ROLE TO EXPOSE MANIPULATION
The organized opposition in the
The growing boycott movement is a
Philippines is quick to show that it can-
concrete expression of the Filipino
not be fooled by the US-Marcos maneuver.
people's rejection of the new US-
To Washington's dismay, the movement to
Marcos "normalization plan", No amount
boycott the plebiscite and the May elec-
of sugarcoating will cover up the US'
tion is already gaining momentum.
real motive. No amount of cosmetics can
Demanding no less than dismantling
beautify the bloated face of a regime
the US-Marcos dictatorship, the National
sinking in a terminal crisis.
Alliance for Justice, Freedom and Democ-
We, Filipinos in the US and Canada,
racy is exposing the coming elections as
must continue to be vigilant to not
one more deception aimed at legitimizing
fall for the media hype which has al-
an illegal government and an illigitimate
ready begun to surround the plebiscite
constitution.
and the IBP election. We must frustrate
An official of the Alliance, Father
the renewed attempts of the Reagan
Joe Dizon states "the people do not
administration to convince world opin-
need the Batasang, only the regime
ion that these electoral exercises
needs it."
will bring the Filipino peoples' lives
The prestigious Catholic Bishops
"back to normal" or that they consti-
Conference of the Philippines issued
tute the first steps toward "demo-
a statement approving the peoples'
cratization."
"moral right" to join the boycott.
It is by consistently supporting
The National Priests and Religious
the real demands of the Filipino
Union and the Concerned priests of
people that we can contribute our
Manila have endorsed the boycott. So
share in their struggle for real
have Kaakbay, a nationalist grouping
democracy. Marcos and his one-man
led by Jose Diokno, and the Justice
laws must go. Political freedoms
for Aquino, Justice for All Movement
must be genuinely restored. Polit-
(JAJAM) led by Lorenzo Tanada, which
ical prisoners must be released. U.S.
sprang out of the frenzied events
interference in Philippine internal
following the Aquino assassination.
affairs must end.
By a majority vote of 2, 000 dele-
The plebiscite is meaningless.
gates, the Congreso Ng Mamamayang
The May election --a deception.
Pilipino (CONPIL) decided to boycott
* SUPPORT THE BOYCOTT
unless Marcos satisfies five impor-
Write your families and friends
tant requirements, including the re-
back home to support the boycott
peal of his power to issue decrees and
*DEMAND A STOP US AID and BASE
to detain anyone indefinitely without
RENTAL PAYMENTS TO THE REGIME
trial.
Write to your representatives
CONPIL's chairman, Agapito Aquino,
in the US Congress.
brother of the slain senator, boasts
of having members "as far right as
COALITION AGAINST THE
LOCAL CAMD / PSN :
Cardinal Sin and as far left as Jose
MARCOS DICTATORSHIP/
Maria Sison."
PHILIPPINE SOLIDARITY NETWORK
Sectoral organizations have joined
LIZ FENKELL
NATIONAL OFFICE
the boycott movement: Progressive
PO. BOX 17:3
COORDINATOR
Labor Federation, Kilusang Mayo Uno , KMU,
OAKLAND , CALIF. 94668
454-5243
GELINE AVILA
and the Alliance of Concerned Teachers,
NATIONAL COORDINATOR
info on educationals , video
materials , housemeetings
who have declared that teachers will
TALIBA
(News Flash/Commentary )
A Publication of the Anti-Martial Law Coalition (Philippines)
VOLUME 3, Number 2
FEBRUARY-MARCH 1979
FREE
Carter to Host Philippine Dictator-
MARCOS SCHEDULES U.S. VISIT
Two recent events leave no doubt as to the character of the Philippine martial law regime on the one
hand and the substance of the human rights foreign policy of the Carter Administration on the other.
On February 1, Agence France Presse reported that Philippine dictator Marcos is scheduled to visit the
U.S. sometime in late February or early March upon the invitation of President Carter. This report was
followed by a State Department report dated February 8, admitting that the Marcos regime uses torture,
even murder, in dealing with dissidents to its unpopular rule.
against the widespread opposition to the martial law
government.
For his part, the dictator can now breathe easier with
this assurance of continued U.S. support for his one-man
rule. He has now shamelessly dropped all nationalist
posturing laying bare for the whole world to see, his
unmistakeable dependence to the U.S. Among his heinous
crimes against the Filipino people will now count the
selling of Philippine sovereignty in exchange for the
dubious privilege of flying a Philippine flag over the bases
and having a Filipino commander whose only duty will be
to "command" that portion of the bases where there are
no military facilities.
Hand in hand with these "paper changes," the dictator
is now prattling about returning the country back to
normalcy. It has for instance dangled the promise of local
elections to a population that is understandably cynical
about any "democratic processes" under a regime that
has continuously attempted to legitimize itself in five
referenda and one national election through the twin use
of fraud and armed force.
The planned visit to the U.S. is no doubt meant to cap
Both reports are significant. While the revelation of the this normalization scheme by making the Filipino people
regime's human rights record comes as no big surprise to
and the American people believe that things are indeed
many since the Marcos dictatorship has long been
back to normal.
denounced by human rights watchdog agencies such as
But it will take more than a dinner at the White House
Amnesty International, International Commission of to disguise the fascist character of the Marcos regime. No
Jurists, what is more revealing is the fact that its sordid talk of normalization can hide the fact that under this
record has in no way discouraged that purported human bankrupt dictatorship, close to one million Filipinos have
rights advocate, the Carter Administration, from extend- been turned into refugees by its brutal military campaigns
ing an invitation to the Philippine dictator.
and no less inhuman economic policies that place foreign
The State Department while neither confirming nor
investment over the needs of the Filipino people. Being
denying the report can only lamely say that the visit is not hosted by Jimmy Carter will not add any shine to its
an official state visit, but a "private" one. Nonetheless,
tarnished image as a gross violator of human rights, a
they did admit that a reception is being planned for the regime that solves the problem of political prisoners by
dictator by the White House.
the simple expedient of not taking any political prisoners
This stance of officially keeping at arm's length the
- alive.
brutal dictatorship while objectively supporting it, is
The Filipino people and all progressive people of this
typical of the Carter Administration's hypocritical foreign
country must give this dictator the reception he deserves.
policy. While making loud pronouncements about human
We must teach this dictator that wherever he goes, he has
rights as the cornerstone of its foreign policy, in the same
to account for his crimes against the Filipino people.
breath it concludes an agreement with the repressive
Likewise, we must teach Jimmy Carter that his pious
dictator which in essence extends its lifeline for the next
preachings about human rights has long been exposed as
five years. In the beginning of this year, President Carter
all hot air and no muscle. We must expose the dictator
and President Marcos announced an executive agreement
Marcos and Jimmy Carter as the biggest "human rights
regarding the U.S. bases in the Philippines which
masqueraders" of our time. _
provides for over $1 billion compensation to the Marcos
DOWN WITH THE U.S. - MARCOS DICTATORSHIP ! ! !
regime. This financial commitment (which cleverly took
STOP U.S. AID TO THE MARCOS REGIME! ! !
the form of an executive agreement thus skirting any
discussion of this controversial issue in the U.S. Congress
ANTI-MARTIAL LAW ALLIANCE (AMLA)
where it was expected to meet staunch opposition) is
thinly disguised U.S. aid to the isolated regime whose
Sacramento AMLA Center
existence would otherwise be in jeopardy. The new
2108 - 57th Avenue
agreement is also ominous because it increases the
Sacramento, CA 95822
likelihood of direct U.S. military intervention in the
Philippine internal affairs by providing legal justification
(916) 428-7856 or (916) 966-5698
for U.S. participation in counterinsurgency operations
TALIBA
(News Flash/Commentary )
A Publication of the Anti-Martial Law Coalition (Philippines)
VOL. 3, NO. 3
APRIL 1979
FREE
AMLC Pressure Succeeds-
Marcos Cancels U.S. Visit in Fear of Protests
President Marcos' planned state visit coincided
with the recently concluded U.S.-R.P. Military
Bases Agreement signed in January, 1979.
Under the guise of "bases rental" for such
facilities as Subic Naval Base (right), Marcos
received a 150% increase ($500 million for the
(picture credit; Harvard Magazine)
next five years) in U.S. aid, plus $1 billion in
economic aid.
Aerial view of Subic Naval Base in Olongapo, Zambales Province, Philippines.
Recent issues of rabid pro-Marcos newspapers
Aside from the horse's mouth, so to speak, the
such as Filipino Reporter and the Bataan News
other reliable sources of AMLC include:
(based in Stockton, Calif.) have accused the
Agence France Presse in its Jan. Ist news release
anti-martial law movement, the Anti-Martial Law
reported that Marcos was coming in early March.
Coalition in particular, of spreading "rumors" and
Last Feb. 22, a member of the Congress
engaging in idle speculation with regards to the
Education Project (CEP, an organization based in
Marcos state visit to Washington, D.C., originally
Washington, D.C.), called an aide of Hal Brooke
projected to be in March. A look at the facts,
(Undersecretary of State) whose response was
however, will show that this is not the case. In fact
'maybe, but not official."
it is the Marcos-controlled media itself which was
On March 1, CEP also called Rep. Lester Wolf's
the first to trumpet Marcos' upcoming visit by
aide who confirmed that Marcos was coming
floating trial balloons. Teodora Valencia, well-
mid-March to late March to "appeal to the
known for his his "close ties" with the Philippine
business community." (By this, we assume for
dictator (like mouthing the dictator's line on all
further penetration of U.S. investment in the
issues without fail) raised in a February issue of
Philippines.)
the Filipino Reporter that, "It's about time Marcos
Several calls were also placed to the State
comes to the U.S." Another publication, the
Department by congresspeople nationwide, upon
ASIAWEEK, also well-known for having close ties
the prodding of anti-martial law alliances who sent
to Malacanang, in its Feb. 23, 1979 issue wrote :
delegates to their representatives and senators.
"When would Marcos go? A presidential aide told
The State Department at various times confirmed
ASIA WEEK's Antonio Lopez that his boss "has a.
the visit ("It's a private visit.") and, not
standing invitation from Carter . . .
Official
unexpectedly tried to remain vague about the
sources intimated that the date would be either in
whole affair.
spring or summer, "that is, sometime between
As the above information shows, contrary to
March and August. Insiders, however, are betting
what the pro-Marcos papers want us to believe,
on next month. .
these are hard facts not based on "rumors" nor
Continued
TALIBA
(News Flash/Commentary )
A Publication of the Anti-Martial Law Coalition (Philippines)
VOLUME 3, NUMBER 1
JANUARY 1979
FREE
FILIPINO PEOPLE DEMAND:
"U.S. BASES OUT OF R.P."
PAWALAN BIS
US-RF
MILITARY BAS
EEMENT
The Filipino people have repeatedly demanded the removal of U.S. bases from Philippine soil.
On New Year's Day, 1979, President Jimmy Carter fully exposed the hypocrisy of his well-publicized
concern for human rights along with his pretense of mild disapproval for the regime of President Ferdinand
E. Marcos of the Philippines. On that day, Carter and Marcos announced the conclusion of several years
negotiations over U.S. bases in the Philippines. Proudly they revealed that the governments of the two
countries had arrived at an "Executive Agreement" concerning the bases. Key points of this agreement
involve the payment of $500 million in "compensation" to the Marcos government over the next five years
and certain superficial changes billed as increased Philippine control over the bases.
The agreement reveals the undeniable collusion
$475 million is pure military aid to the Marcos regime.
between Carter and Marcos - two cronies who, for over
For the next three years, the agreement mandates a full
a year, have performed a sometimes convincing act of
$125 million per year as "compensation" in addition to
mutual dislike.
the $37 million which is part of the regular U.S. military
Deception runs through every aspect of the new
assistance to the Philippines. This will bring U.S.
"Excecutive Agreement." Major changes have been
military assistance to the repressive Marcos regime up to
made in the 1947 Bases Treaty. Chief among these is the
$162 million, over four times the current figure.
payment of rent - which has been innocently labeled
But why have the negotiators been forced to adopt
'compensation" - to the Marcos government. Yet in
such patently undemocratic and deceptive tactics to
spite of what is actually a treaty renegotiation, the Carter
achieve their goals and to tack on to their agreement a
Administration has carefully labeled the outcome not a
series of measures which are supposedly designed to
new "treaty," but an "Executive Agreement."
insure a measure of Philippine control over the bases?
This seemingly trifling difference is tremendously
The answer lies in the unpopularity of the Marcos
important. A new treaty must be approved by the U.S.
dictatorship both in the Philippines and the United
Senate and be opened for discussion by the American
States. The repressive character of this faithful U.S. ally
people. An Executive Agreement is exactly what it
has made it both thoroughly hated at home and
says - an agreement between two heads of state. In one
extremely controversial in the United States. A new
careful choice of terms, the Carter-Marcos team has
treaty with the Philippine dictator would have stirred up
managed to avoid public discussion on a highly
a debate which might have proven uncomfortable for
controversial issue - whether the bases should remain in
both heads of state.
the Philippines at all, bypass the role of Congress in
The new "Agreement" claims that, through a series
approving major foreign policy decisions, and narrow the
of cosmetic moves, Philippine control over the
issue to a simple matter of Congressional approval over a
bases has been increased. Filipino base commanders
budget appropriation. Brilliant!
are to be installed and each base will fly the
Even the terms of the "Agreement" itself are
Philippine flag. The land area of the base is to be
deceptive. The $500 million figure has been reported as
somewhat reduced. Perimeter security has been turned
combined economic and military aid. In fact, only $25
over to the Armed Forces of the Philippines with some
million is to be used for economic aid. The remaining
provisions for joint control in certain areas. Yet the
Taliba, January 1979
Page 2
'Agreement" contains not a word concerning Philippine
This damage is felt not only in broad social terms but
jurisdiction over American servicemen who commit
in specific military situations as well. The bases have
crimes against Filipinos. There is no guarantee
been used repeatedly for intervention in Philippine
whatsoever that American soldiers who in the future
affairs. Prior to the declaration of martial law,
mistake Filipinos for "wild boars" and kill them will not
Congressional testimony reveals they were used against
be abruptly transferred out of the country as in years
the Huks and, more recently, they have been used
past. This is Philippine control?
against the New People's Army. Immediately after the
Why has this charade of Philippine control over the
declaration of martial law in 1972, the entire modern
bases become necessary?
fighter component of the Philippine Air Force - a
Because the Filipino people have come increasingly to
squadron of F-5's - was based at Clark Air Field at a
see the U.S. bases in their homeland as, in the words of
time when it was reportedly carrying out bombing
the Civil Liberties Union of the Philippines, "an affront
missions over Isabela.
to Philippine sovereignty."
The Filipino people recognize that such intervention is
What is the role of the U.S. bases in the Philippines?
likely not only to continue, but to increase, as long as the
According to the 1947 bases agreement, their purpose
bases remain on their soil. The wording of the 1947
is two-fold: to "protect U.S. security interests in Asia"
treaty clearly invites the U.S. to slide into internal
and to "insure the territorial integrity of the Philip-
involvement in the Philippines without the slightest
pines. " Numerous spokesmen for the U.S. government,
obstacle. Whereas previously U.S. intervention in the
even several from the Department of Defense, however,
country has been indirect and covert, the new
have agreed with Filipino nationalists that external
"Agreement" with its cooperative security arrange-
aggression is not a threat to the Philippines. The bases
ments dramatically increases the possibility of direct and
thus remain principally to "protect U.S. security
open intervention. The "Agreement" brings one step
interests in Asia."
closer the possibility of sending U.S. troops to the
Filipinos have come increasingly to resent the role of
Philippines to intervene in the country's growing
these bases as launching pads for U.S. aggression and
domestic conflicts.
intervention in the internal affairs of other countries.
Not only do U.S. bases on Philippine soil invite U.S.
Filipinos wish to dissociate themselves altogether from
intervention in Philippine affairs, they represent a
situations like the Vietnam War when bombing missions
serious threat to the "territorial integrity of the
against the Vietnamese originated from Clark Air Base.
Philippines" which the Treaty claims they are supposed
Only a few days ago, on Dec. 29, 1978, the Defense
to protect. It has long been known that these bases are
Department announced that a naval task force and the
major storage sites for nuclear weapons. This makes
nuclear-capable carrier Constellation had left Subic
them into key strategic targets for any enemy of the
Naval Base enroute to the Indian Ocean. Speculation
U.S., should the U.S. be drawn into a major armed
suggested that its mission was to respond to develop-
confrontation.
ments in Iran and possibly to aid one of the world's most
The Filipino people have no desire to be blown to bits
despised dictators whose entire nation has risen up
in another man's war. Nor do they wish to have
against him.
foreigners, armed and strategically located on their own
Yet many have argued that the bases are actually
soil, intervene in their own affairs and dictate the course
beneficial to the Philippines because they provide both
of their history. The Filipino people do not need or want
employment for a large number of Filipinos and because
the economic impetus to turn their people into pimps,
base spending pumps dollars into the Philippine
prostitutes, dope-peddlers, and black marketeers. They
economy. Their removal, supporters of the bases have
do not want to see an inch of their territory used to
argued, would mean a massive economic dislocation.
launch aggressive action against peoples of other
The Filipino people have taken a closer look at the
countries. The Filipino people want the bases out. The
economic impact of the bases on the country and have
Anti-Martial Law Coalition full supports their desire and
come up with some surprising discoveries. The bases in
calls on all Filipino and American people to support their
fact employ less than one percent of the Philippine
demand to remove all U.S. bases from the Philippines.
non-agricultural labor force. Further, while it is true that
the base economy has a major impact on the Philippines,
Philippine economic and political institutions have
absolutely no control over it. The wages spent by
thousands of U.S. servicemen in the Philippines have a
highly inflationary effect. As one economist put it, they
"add to the total demand in the economy without
increasing the supply of new goods because the soldier
spends his pay on things he has not produced and the
munitions worker does not go out and buy a tank."
Filipinos have reexamined the character of the
so-called "growth industries" spawned by the bases.
Where have all those dollars pumped by U.S.
servicemen into the Philippine economy gone and what
has been the result socially? The principal industry
stimulated by the base economy has been prostitution
ANTI-MARTIAL LAW COALITION
and related entertainment activities. Angeles City, site
of Clark Air Base, boasts of over 500 bars and brothels
(PHILIPPINES)
Olongapo City, site of Subic Naval Base contains at least
Rene Cruz, National Coordinator
12,000 prostitutes who form a full 10 percent of the city's
P.O. Box 540
population.
Woodside, N. Y. 11377
Another major industry spawned by the bases is the
(212) 898-1969
procurement and sale of illegal drugs to U.S.
servicemen. Since the Philippines does not produce
heroin, this has meant developing smuggling rings from
LOCAL ALLIANCE:
the "Golden Triangle" of Thailand and Burma. Another
flourishing base-related industry is the black market in
AMLA CENTER
PX goods.
2108 57th Ave.
All three of these industries have stimulated a rise in
Sacramento,
CA
95322
organized crime. They can hardly be labeled beneficial to
the Filipino people. In fact, the social damage these
428-7856
Or 966-3593
institutions do is immeasurable.
TALIBA
(NEWSFLASH/
COMMENTARY)
A Publication of the COALITION AGAINST THE MARCOS DICTATORSHIP/
PHILIPPINE SOLIDARITY NETWORK (CAMD/PSN)
August 1984.
One year after the Aquino assassination
NO END TO THE CRISIS
OF THE MARCOS DICTATORSHIP
The
It has been a year since thousands of festive yellow ribbons
Collantes leads a group of 30 KBL and independent parliament
which were to herald a welcome for the returning opposition leader,
tarians in supporting Aquilino Pimentel's resolution demanding
Benigno Aquino, Jr., suddenly unfurled into giant banners that
the repeal of Amendment No. 6 of the Marcos-engineered
screamed outrage over his assassination at the Manila Inter-
Constitution. Amendment No. 6 gives Marcos power to make laws
national Airport.
beyond the reach of the Assembly or the judiciary.
Today, the dictator Ferdinand Marcos faces essentially the
In an attempt to regain the support of businessmen and members
same political crisis that threatens the continuation of his absolute
of the traditional opposition, Marcos devised non-partisan calls for
rule. The agitation of the Filipino people to oust him and end the
them to join him in resolving the political and economic problems
dictatorship remains the catalyst that spells his doom.
plaguing his regime. But when he reconstituted his cabinet, the
same old familiar faces showed up, including that of his wife,
The downward spiral of the Philippine economy cannot be
Imelda.
arrested even as the Reagan administration infuses life-giving aid
and promises to release $180 million of the $900 million rental it
While the sham election momentarily divided the broad opposition
agreed to pay for the maintenance of U.S. military bases at Subic
into advocates of participation and those of boycott, the unanimous
and Clark. The long-awaited $650 million from the International
call for Marcos' ouster echoes both in the Batasan (Assembly),
Monetary Fund constitutes but another gasp before a fatal
and in the "parliament of the streets."
drowning.
Marcos fully intends to widen the gap in the opposition by
In its desperation to stay in power for as long as it can, the
stepping up his strident anti-communist attacks and military
Marcos regime has narrowed down its choice to two alternate
violence against the militant protest movement. "It is not the
options: deception and military reprisal.
opposition who is the enemy of the people, but the subversives," he
declared.
But the Filipino people have not been waylaid in their deter-
mined path towards democratization. They have no other option.
TERROR IN MANILA
On the opening day of the Batasan last July 23, 2,000 riot police
BY CROOK OR BY FORCE
used truncheons, tear gas and pillbox bombs to scuttle a de-
The election of 65 opposition UNIDO candidates in the May 14
monstration of 25,000 people who came to listen to former senator
National Assembly election went beyond the 20 to 30 seats
Lorenzo Tanada give an address of the "true state of the nation.'
Marcos had predicted. Still it gave him reason to crow that
democracy has prevailed.
In the month preceding, Marcos had ordered a rapid succession
of repressive measures to put a lid on the unrest produced by a new
Although the rules are heavily stacked against the minority party
set of restrictive economic decrees which set prices rocketing and
in the Assembly, it has been bolstered by disgruntled members of
plunged the peso to P18 to $1.
Marcos' Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL) party. Manuel
COPYRIGHT NOT EVALUATED NON-COMMERCIAL USE PERMITTED
For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu.
ING/PANATA
1 .
Sing, I do wish the world would sing
I do wish the world would say
How they want to live in peace
How they need each other.
2 .
Peace, that is all we want to know
That is all we want to share
Let us live our lives in peace
Let us give this life a chance.
REFRAIN :
Love, love is all we need
Love is all we want
Love is everywhere.
Peace, peace is all we want
Peace is all we need
Peace is everywhere.
3 .
Ang tinig ng madlay dinggin
Sumpa'y dapat pansinin
Kailan man o bayan ko
Tulong ko'y asahan mo.
4 .
Sa panganib ilalayo
Ang layang nakamtan mo
Bunga ng paghihirap mo
Ang panata ko'y ito.
REFRAIN:
Ngayon pag inabot man
(KAILAN MAN)
(ASAHAN MO)
Ng kadiliman
(0 BAYAN KO)
Ang nilalandas
(MAPAPARAM ANG HIRAP, KAILAN MAN)
Hirap ay mapaparam
(ASAHAN MO)
Sa liwanag ng
(0 BAYAN KO)
Tunay mong lakas.
(LAKAS NG BAYAN, NGAYON)
(REPEAT TAGALOG REFRAIN 2X)
Ist Refrain - with harmony
2nd Refrain - with harmony /counterpoint ACAPPELLA! ! !
3rd Refrain - with harmony/counterpoint first 3 lines only)
DE COLORES
De colores, de colores
Se visten los compos en la primavera
De colores, de colores
Son los pajarillos que vienen de afuera
De colores, de colores
as al arco iris que vemos lucir
Y por eso los grandes amores
dis suchas colores an gustan a mi
Y por eso los grandes amores
de muchos colores is gustan a al.
Canta el gallo, canta el gallo
Con al kiri kiri, kiri, kim, king
La gallina, la gallina
Con el kara, kara, kara, kara, kara
Las pollitos, los pollitos
Con el pio, pio pio, pio, pi
Y por eso los grandes smores
de muchos colores me guscan a mi
Llora el gallo, llora el gallo
Porque el aguilits ya lo ha desplumado
Las gallinas, las gallinas
Gue viven en su area ya lo han consolado
El campesino, el campesino
Con el sufrimiento no quiere saquir
Y ahunque el gallo se sienta my gallo
ante el aguilita tendra que morir
Y shunque el gallo se stenta muy gallo
ante el aguilita tendra que sorir
IN COPYRIGHT - Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies and the University of California Regents hold intellectual control of the material. Educational and non-profit usage permitted. For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu.
NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT – EDUCATIONAL / NON-COMMERCIAL USE PERMITTED
For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu.
IN COPYRIGHT – EDUCATIONAL / NON-COMMERCIAL USE PERMITTED
For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu.
NON-COMMERCIAL USE PERMITTED
For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu.
NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT – EDUCATIONAL / NON-COMMERCIAL USE PERMITTED
For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu.
ucdw_wa012_s001_0224-0237
ucdw_wa012_s001_f010
IN COPYRIGHT – EDUCATIONAL / NON-COMMERCIAL USE PERMITTED
For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu.
IN COPYRIGHT - Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies and the University of California Regents hold intellectual control of the material. Educational and non-profit usage permitted. For other purposes, please contact Bulosan Center archivist Jason Sarmiento at ajsarmiento@ucdavis.edu.